行動載具在博物館學習的應用：促進「人—機—境」互動的設計

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1 (mobile devices) (human-computer-field/situation interaction) (informal learning) (out-of school learning) (free-choice learning) (Dierking, Falk, Rennie, Anderson, Ellenbogen, 2003) (National Association for Research in Science Teaching)

2 Falk & Adlman, 2003; Sandifer, 1997 (Borun & Davis, 1997; Sandifer, 2003) (Anderson, Lucas & Ginns, 2003; Anderson, Lucas, Ginns & Dierking, 2000; Hofstein & Rosenfeld, 1996) 1998 Allen, 2002 Lienhardt & Gregg, 2002 Falk Dierking (2000; Dierking, 2002) (Contextual Model of Learning, CML) CML (personal context)(socio-cultural context)(physical context) / (setting) Dierking (2002) CML (mobile devices) 2005 Tatar, Roschelle, Vahey & Penuel, 2003 Virvou & Alepis, Zurita & Nussbaum, (Hsi, 2003) (computational devices) Caverly (2003) (Laptops/subnotebook computers) Hybrid devicesmart Phones [PDA + Wireless Phone][ ipod]pda Sharples Beale (2003) (Wrist-worn devices) (Mobile phones) (handheld computers) (web pads) (pen tablet computers)(laptop computers) wearable devices handhelds PDApalmtops pocket book 18

3 (Exploratorium) (Experience Music Project) Exploratorium, 2001 PDA Radio Frequency Identification, RFID (Global Positioning System) (access) 2003 Aoki Woodruff (2000) 1 Aoki Woodruff (2000) (location)(intimation) (selection) RFID RFID Aoki Woodruff(2000) RFID GPS Allison Woodruff 1Ansae Gnole RFID (802.11) 1 Electronic Guide- 19

4 book Spining Blackboard Echo Tube String Squirter Locator Electronic Guidebook (Semper & Spasojevic, 2002) Guidebook (orientation) (registration) (background knowledge) (my Explo- ratorium) Exploratorium 20

5 2002 (Sung & Lesgold, in press) Exploratorium(2001) Electronic Guidebook (basic affordances ) attention to artifacts paths through physical and virtual space (higher effects ) Electronic Guidebook Exploratorium (2001) Hsi (2003) 18 Electronic Guidebook Guidebook Guidebook Guidebook Woodruff (2001) Woodruff information resource ( companion) location RFID 21

6 Woodruff 2~3 Sotto Voce Woodruff et al., 2002 (shared context) Woodruff (eavesdropping) (Bitgood, 1994) Aoki & Woodruff, human-computer interaction humanfield/situation interaction Exploratorium, 2001; Hsi,

7 (Tuckey, 1998; Cox- Peterson, 2003) 1996; Yatani et al., 2004 Hsi, 2003; Semper & Spasojevic, 2002; Woodruff, Aoki, Hurst & Szymauski, 2001; Yatani, Sugimoto & Kusunoki, 2004 Rennie, Feher, Dierking & Falk, 2003 (mixed method, Johnson & Onwuegbizie, 2004; Tashakkori & Teddie, 1998) Exploratorium (2001) Allen, 2002 ( humancomputer-field/situation interaction) 2 (tools with 23

8 distributed intelligence) 1. (human-computer interaction) 2. (human-computer-field interaction) (field) objects or artifact 3. (peercomputer-field interaction) (Exploratorium, 2001; Hsi, 2003) (Woodruff et al., 2001)4. (peer-computer-situation interaction) (situation) (context)(artistic conception) (interpretation) (Beck & Cable, 1998) 24

9 (situated cognition) (artifacts) (Brown, Collins & Dugid, 1989; Greeno, Collins & Resnick, 1996; McCaslin, 2002) (artifacts) (personal)(social and cultural mediation)(physical) (Dierking, 2002; Falk & Dierking, 2000) (anchored instruction) Vanderbilt (Cognition and Technology Groups of Vanderbilt, 1990; 1992; 1997) Yatani Sugimoto Kusunoki (2004) Yatani Musex (orienteering) Musex MusexPDA (transceiver) Yatani 50 Musex 25

10 26 Musex Klopfer (2005) (Mystery at the Museum, M M M M (2005) M@M flash

11 NSC S (1/3) NSC S (4): 23~ : 1~29 Allen, S Looking for Learning in Visitor Talk: A Methodological Exploration. In G. Leinhardt, K. Crowley & K. Knutson (eds.), Learning Conversations in Museum. Mahawah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates. Anderson, D. & Lucas, K. B The Effectiveness of Orienting Students to the Physical Features of a Science Museum Prior to Visitation. Research in Science Education, 27: 485~495. Anderson, D., Lucas, K. B. & Ginns, I. S Theoretical Perspectives on Learning in an Informal Setting. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 40: 177~199. Aoki, P. M. & Woodruff, A Improving Electronic Guidebook Interfaces Using a Task Oriented Design Approach. Proc. DIS 2000, New York, August. Online available: woodruff.com, accessed Oct. 23, Beck, L., & Cable, T Interpretation for the 21st Century: Fifteen Guiding Principles for Interpreting Nature and Culture. Boston: Sagamore Publishing. Birney, B. A Criteria for Successful Museum and Zoo Visits: Children Offer Guidance. Curator, 31: 292~316 Bitgood, S Designing Good Exhibits: Criteria for Success, Exhibit Design Approaches, and Research Strategies. Visitor Behavior, 9: 4~15. Brown, J. S., Collins, A. & Duguid, P Situated Cognition and the Culture of Learning. Educational 27

12 Researcher. pp.32~42. Caverly, D. C Techtalk: How Technology Has Changed Developmental Education. Journal of Developmental Education, 27: 38~39. Cognition and Technology Group at Vanderbilt Anchored Instruction and Its Relationship to Situated Cognition. Educational Researcher, 19: 2~ b. The Jasper Series as an Example of Anchored Instruction: Theory, Program Description, and Assessment Data. Educational Psychologist, 27: 291~ Looking at Technology in Context: A Framework for Understanding Technology and Education Research. In Berliner, D. C. & Calfee, R. C. (eds.), Handbook of Educational Psychology. New York: Prentice Hall The Jasper Project: Lessons in. Curriculum, Instruction, Assessment, and Professional Development. Mahawah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates. Cox-Petersen, Marsh, D. D., Kisiel, J. Melber, L. M Investigation of Guided School Tours, Student Learning, and Science Reform Recommendations at a Museum of Natural History. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 40: 200~218. Dierking, L. D The Role of Context in Children s Learning from Objects and Experiences. In S. G.. Paris (ed.), Perspectives on Objects-centered Learning in Museums. pp.3~18. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Dierking, L. D., Falk, J. H., Rennie, L., Anderson, D. & Ellenbogen, K Policy Statement of the Informal Science Education Ad-Hoc Committee. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 40: 108~111. Exploratorium Electronic Guidebook Forum. Electronic Guidebook Research Project. Online available: ook, accessed Oct., Falk, J. H. & Adleman, L. M Investigating the Impact of Prior Knowledge and Interest on Aquarium Visitor Learning. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 40: 163~176. Falk, J. H. & Dierking, L. D The Museum Experience. Washington, DC: Whalesback Books. Falk, J. H. & Dierking, L. D Learning from Museums: Visitors Experiences and the Making of Meaning. Walnut Creek, CA: Alta- Mira. Greeno, J. G., Collins, A. M. & Resnick, L. B Cognition and Learning. In Berliner, D. C. & Calfee, R. C. (eds.), Handbook of Educational Psychology. New York: Prentice Hall. Hofstein, A. & Rosenfeld, S Bridging the Gap between Formal and Informal Science Learning. Studies in Science Education, 28: 87~112. Hsi, S A Study of User Experiences Mediated by Nomadic Web Content in a Museum. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 19: 308~319. Johnson, R. B. & Onwuegbuzie, A. J Mixed Methods Research: A Research Paradigm Whose Time Has Come. Educational Researcher, 33: 14~26. Klopfer, E., Perry, J., Squire, K., Jan, M. & 28

13 Steinkuehler, C Mystery at the Museum: A Collaborative Game for Museum Education. In T. Koschman, D. D. Suthers & T. w. Chan (eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Supported Collaborative Learning Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Kubota, C. A. & Olstad, R. G Effects of Novelty Reducing Preparation on Exploratory Behavior and Cognitive Learning in a Science Museum Setting. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 28: 225~234. Lave, J. & Wenger, E Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation. Cambridge University. Leinhardt, G. & Gregg, M Burning Buses Burning Crosses: Student Teachers See Civil Rights. In G. Leinhardt, K. Crowley & K. Knutson (eds.), Learning Conversations in Museum. Mahawah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates. Liu, C. T., Wang, H. Y., Liang, J. K., Chan, T. W., Ko, H. W. & Yang, J. C Wireless and Mobile Technologies to Enhance Teaching and Learning. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 19: 371~382. Paris, S. G. & Hapgood, S. E Children Learning with Objects in Informal Learning Environments. In S. G. Paris (ed.), Perspectives on Objects: Centered Learning in Museums. pp.37~54. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Rennie, L. J., Feher, E., Dierking, L. D. & Falk, J. H Toward an Agenda for Advancing Research on Learning in Out-of-school Settings. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 40: 112~120. Rennie, L. J. & McClafferty, T. P Objects and Learning: Understanding Young Children s Interaction with Science Exhibits. In S. G. Paris (ed.), Perspectives on Objects-centered Learning in Museums. pp.191~214. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Roschelle, J Learning in Interactive Environments: Prior Knowledge and New Experience. In J. H. Falk & L. D. Dierking (eds.), Public Instructions for Personal Learning: Establishing a Research Agenda. pp.37~51. Washington. DC: American Association of Museums. Roschelle, J Keynote Paper: Unlocking the Learning Value of Wireless Mobile Devices. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 19: 260~272. Roschelle, J., Penuel, W. R., Yarnall, L. & Tatar, D Handheld Tools That Informate Assessment of Student Learning in Science: A Requirements Analysis. In. J. Roschelle., T. W. Chan., Kinshuk & S. J. Yang (eds.), The 2nd IEEE International Workshop on Wireless and Mobile Technologies in Education. pp.149~153. New York: IEEE Press. Sandifer, C Time-based Behaviors at an Interactive Science Museum: Exploring the Differences between Weekday/ Weekend and Family Nonfamily Visitors. Science Education, 81: 689~701. Sandifer, C Technological Novelty and Open-endedness: Two Characteristics of Interactive Exhibits That 29

14 Contribute to the Holding of Visitor Attention in a Science Museum. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 40: 121~137. Semper, R., Exploratorium, Spasojevic, M. & Hewlett-Packard Labs The Electronic Guidebook: Using Portable Devices and a Wireless Web-based Network to Extend the Museum Experience. Museums and the Web. Online available: mper.html#fig6. Sharples, M. & Beale, R A Technical Review of Mobile Computational Devices. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 19: 392~395. Stevenson, J The Long-term Impact of Interactive Exhibits. International Journal of Science Education, 13: 521~531. Sung, Y. T. & Lesgold, A. (in press). Software Infrastructure for Teachers: A Missing Link in Integrating Technology with Instruction. Teachers College Record. Tashakkori, A., Teddlie, C Mixed Methodology: Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage. Tatar, D., Roschelle, J., Vahey, P. & Penuel, W. R Handhelds Go to School. IEEE Computer, 36 (9): 58~65. Tuckey, C. J School Children s Reactions to an Interactive Science Center. Curator, 35: 28~38. Virvou, M. & Alepis, E Mobile Educational Features in Authoring Tools for Personalized Tutoring. Computers & Education, 44: 53~68. Woodruff, A., Aoki, P. M., Grinter, A., Hurst, A. & Szymanski, M. H Eavesdropping on Electronic Guidebooks: Observing Learning Resources in Shared Listening Environment. Proc. 6th Int l Cinf. on Museum and the Web. Boston, Aug., Online available: accessed Oct..23, Woodruff, A., Aoki, M. P., Grinter, E. R., Hurst, A., Szymanski, H. M. & Thornton, D. J Eavesdropping on Electronic Guidebooks: Observing Learning Resources in Shared Listening Environment. pp.21~30. Pittsburgh, PA: Archives & Museum Informatics. Woodruff, A., Aoki, P. M., Hurst, A. & Szymanski, M. H Electronic Guidebook and Visitor Attention. Proc. International Cultural Heritage Informatics Meeting, Milan, Italy, Sep.Online available: Oct. 23, Woodruff, A., Aoki, M. P., Hurst, A. & Szymanski, M. H Electronic Guidebooks and Visitor Attention. In D. Bearman & J. Trant (eds.), Cultural Heritage Informatics (Proc. 6 th ICHIM). pp.437~454. Philadel-phia: A & MI. Yatani, K., Sugimoto, M. & Kusunoki, F Musex: A System for Supporting Children s Collaborative Learning in a Museum with PDAs. In J. Roschelle., T. W. Chan., Kinshuk. & S. J. Yang (eds.), The 2nd IEEE International Workshop on Wireless and Mobile Technologies in Education. pp.109~113. New York: IEEE Press. Zurita, G. & Nussbaum, M Computer Supported Collaborative 30

15 Learning Using Wirelessly Interconnected Handheld Computers. Computers & Education, 42: 289~

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18 Usage of Mobile Devices in Museums: Promotion of Human-Computer-Situation Interactive Design Yao-Ting Sung* Kuo-En Chang** Wen-Jeng Yu***a-Chih Chen * Abstract The usage of mobile devices is becoming more and more popular in museums. This study reviews the current status of design and usage of mobile devices as a mediator of guided tours in museums. Based on surveyed limitations, we propose a model, along with examples of implementation, for promoting human-computer-environment/situation interaction for future design of electronic guidebooks with mobile devices. Keywords: mobile devices, electronic guidebook, human-computer-situation interaction * Associate professor, Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Taiwan Normal University ** Professor, Department of Information and Computer Education, National Taiwan Normal University *** Assistant professor, Shing-Wu College of Technology 34

作主动追求知识获取技能, 在心理和生理上都非常积极的个体 (Zimmerman & Pons, 1986) 在此期间, 自我效能感 (self-efficacy) 自我控制 (self-control) 自我管理 (self-

作主动追求知识获取技能, 在心理和生理上都非常积极的个体 (Zimmerman & Pons, 1986) 在此期间, 自我效能感 (self-efficacy) 自我控制 (self-control) 自我管理 (self- 网络环境中英语学习者自我调控的个体特征研究 A Qualitative Study of Chinese EFL Learners Online Self-regulation * 1,2 郑春萍, 穆婕 2, 章僖格 2, 苑仁庆 2, 李芒 1 北京师范大学教育学部 2 北京邮电大学人文学院 * zhengchunping@bupt.edu.cn