Durlauf & Fafchamps25 Landry et al. 22 Laursen et al. 212 Akcomak & Weel29 R&D Solow1956 Romer1986 Lucas1988 Barro199 R&D Romer199 Chou 26 Chou

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1 * Temple & Johnson 1998 social arrangement Knack & Keefer 1997 Temple & Johnson1998 Zak & Knack21 Guiso et al. 24 Akcomak & Weel29 Deng et al Putnam et al. Durlaufed. 25 OstromDurlaufed. 25 Durlauf & Fafchamps25 information sharing group identity community cooperation 2 * 181 yanchengliang@ gsm. pku. edu. cn R&D YJC &ZD

2 Durlauf & Fafchamps25 Landry et al. 22 Laursen et al. 212 Akcomak & Weel29 R&D Solow1956 Romer1986 Lucas1988 Barro199 R&D Romer199 Chou 26 Chou Chou information sharing mutual communication 49

3 1 Romer199 Zou1995 Akcomak & Weel212 2 Temple & Johnson 1998 Ishise & Sawada29 Romer199 Romer199 R&D L Y xi i [ A] Y Y = L α Y A x i 1 - α di max L Y A α x i 1 - A { α di - wl Y - pixi di} x i 1 - α di w pi i L α Y A A wl Y pixidi w = αl α -1 Y A x i 1 - α di pi = 1 - αl α Y x i - α r maxpixi- rxi pixi rxi xi 3 5 r = 1 - α 2 L α Y x i - α 34 R&D π = α1 - αl α Y x i 1 - α

4 Romer199 R&D Akcomak & Weel29 Akcomak & Weel29 A = δl A A S 1-6 δ R&D L A R&D A S Akcomak & Weel29 R&D venture capitalist R&D R&D R&D R&D R&D R&D Romer199 R&D P A A = wl A 7 7 L A R&D R&D R&D Romer199 Jones1995 R&D R&D Romer199 R&D + τ P A t = πτexp ( - t rs ds) dτ 8 t Ishise & Sawada29 Zou1995 Zou max lnc + βlnse - ρt dt C S ρ > β > Ishise & Sawada29 I 51

5 1 K A = rk + wl Y + L A + π i di - P A A - C - I rk wl Y + L A A π i di I 9 S = I 1 91 Hamiltonian { } A H = lnc + βlns + λ 1 rk + wl Y + L A + π i di - P A A - C - I + λ 2 I λ 1 λ 2 H C = 1 / C - λ 1 = 11 H I = - λ 1 + λ 2 = 12 H K = λ 1 r = ρλ 1 - λ 1 H S = β / S = ρλ 2 - λ 2 lim λ 1 Ke - ρt = lim λ 2 Se - ρt = t + t C / C = r - ρ 15 r / C = β / S 16 A K = xidi xi= x i [ A ] xi= x 17 x = K / A Y = AL Y α K 1 - α K = AL Y α K 1 - α - C - I Balanced Growth Path C K A S Y I γl A L Y P A x

6 r = 1 - α 2 Y / K = 1 - α 2 AL Y / K α = ρ + γ 21 K A = L 1 - α 2 Y [ ρ + γ ] 1 / α 22 6 A S A = [ γ / δl A ] K [ ] K = AL Y K α - [ ] ρ + γ + γ β S K 24 8 t P A t = πt rt L A L Y = 1 - αγ ρ + γ 26 L A + L Y = L L Y = L A = ρ + γl ρ + γ αγ 1 - αγl ρ + γ αγ S / K ρ + γ γ = - ρ + γ + γ 1 - α 2 β ρ + γ [ ] [ 2 ] 1 - α 1 / α { } ρ + γ αγ 1 / 1 - ρ + γ αγ 1 - αδ L ρ + γl 29 I Y = S Y = S S S K [ ] K Y = γ ρ + γ α 1 / α -1 { } ρ + γ αγ 1 / 1 - ρ + γ αγ 1 - αδ L ρ + γl R&D GDP Matlab ρ = α =. 6 Romer199 1Jones Jones1995 Pessoa β β =. 2 L = 1 δ =. 211 β =. 2 =

7 1 GDP R&D R&D R&D R&D R&D 1 =. 2 R&D β γ I / Y L A / L =. 5 β γ I / Y L A / L =. 7 β γ I / Y L A / L A lna = α + α 1 lnl A + α 2 lna + α 3 lns + ε L A R&D A S 19 lny = α + α 1 lnl Y + α 2 lna + α 3 lnk + α 4 lns + ε Y L Y A S 54

8 K Porter & Stern2 Pessoa25 R&D R&D GDP R&D trust social participation Temple & Johnson1998 Ishise & Sawada29 Ishise & Sawada29 Ishise & Sawada R&D GDP 2 55

9 GDP R&D / / / %. 114% %. 211% 3 + Romer199 + R&D R&D 56

10 R&D R&D + R&D 3 + 1FE 2FE 1RE 2FE 1FE 2FE. 882 ***. 886 ***. 722 ***. 78 ***. 93 ***. 928 *** R&D ***. 354 *** ***. 211 ***. 267 ***. 443 ***. 62 ***. 127 *** ** *** *** R-squared FE RE *** ** * 1% 5% 1% %. 74% %. 132% 57

11 4 GDP 1 4 Ⅰ Ⅱ 4 Ⅰ Ⅱ 1FE 2FE 1FE 2FE 1FE 2FE. 397 ***. 46 ***. 422 ***. 41 ***. 428 ***. 44 *** ***. 932 ***. 792 ***. 862 ***. 735 ***. 768 *** * ***. 132 ***. 71 ***. 173 ***. 63 ***. 155 *** *** *** * *** R-squared FE RE *** ** * 1% 5% 1% 58

12 R&D AkcomakS. and B. Weel29 Social CapitalInnovation and GrowthEvidence from Europe European Economic Review

13 Barro R. J. 199 Government Spending in A Simple Model of Endogenous Growth Journal of Political Economy 98 S13 S125. BartoliniS. and L. Bonatti28 Endogenous GrowthDecline in Social Capital and Expansion of Market Activities Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization ChouY. 26 Three Simple Models of Social Capital and Economic Growth Journal of Socio-economics DengW. Y. Linand J. Gong A Smooth Coefficient Quintile Regression Approach to the SocialCapital-economic Growth Nexus Economic Modeling DurlaufS. and M. Fafchamps25 Social Capital Handbook of Economic Growth Volume 1B. Edited by Philippe Aghion and Steven N. Durlauf. GuisoL. P. Sapienzaand L. Zingales24 The Role of Social Capital in Financial Development American Economic Review IshiseH. and Y. Sawada29 Aggregate Returns to Social CapitalEstimates Based on the Augmented Augmented-Solow Model Journal of Macroeconomics JonesC. I R&D-based Models of Economic Growth Journal of Political Economy KnackS. and P. Keefer1997 Does Social Capital Have An Economic ImpactA Cross Country Investigation Quarterly Journal of Economics LandryR. N. Amaraand M. Lamari22 Does Social Capital Determine InnovationTo What Extent Technological Forecasting and Social Change LaursenK. F. Masciarelliand A. Prencipe212 Regions MatterHow Localized Social Capital Affects Innovation and External Knowledge Acquisition Organization Science LucasR. E On the Mechanism of Economic Development Journal of Monetary Economics PessoaA. 25 Ideas Driven Growththe OECD Evidence Portuguese Economic Journal PorterM. E. and S. Stern2 Measuring the Ideas Production FunctionEvidence from International Patent Output NBER Working Paper RomerP Increasing Returns and Long-run Growth Journal of Political Economy Romer P. 199 Endogenous Technological Change Journal of Political Economy98S71 S12. SolowR A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth Quarterly Journal of Economics TempleJ. and P. Johnson1998 Social Capability and Economic Growth Quarterly Journal of Economics ZakP. and S. Knack21 Trust and Growth Economic Journal Zou Heng-fu 1995 The Spirit of Capitalism and Savings Behavior Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization Social CapitalInnovation and Long-run Economic Growth Yan Chengliang School of EconomicsCentral University of Finance and Economics AbstractThis paper introduces social capital in a horizontal innovation growth model. We assume that social capital could improve the household's welfareas well as enhance the efficiency of the innovation. We find that the higher the importance of the social capitalthe household will devote more to accumulate social capitaland the larger the growth rate of knowledge production and economic growth. We construct an index to measure social capital from the perspective of information sharing and mutual communication. With the data of 31 provinces from 21 to 21we analyze the impact of social capital on innovation and economic growth. It is found that social capital has positive effect on innovationand the impact is larger for the high level innovation in comparison with the low level innovation. Social capital could also enhance economic growthand this result is robust. Key WordsSocial CapitalInnovationEconomic GrowthReal Output JEL ClassificationE26O41Z13 6

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