南華大學數位論文

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "南華大學數位論文"

衬诸葛
5 years ago
Views:

1 -- The Symbolism of the Rituals of Cian-Wáng-Ge-Jhèn in the Tainan Area

3 欵 I

4 II

5 -- III

6 J. William Worden IV

7 The Symbolism of the Rituals of Cian-Wáng-Ge-Jhèn in the Tainan Area Abstract The purpose of the research includes: 1. To understand the origin, attribute, occasions, and the circulating area of CWGJ (Cian-Wáng-Ge-Jhèn). 2. To confer about the purpose of CWGJ arranged in the funeral and burial ceremony. 3. To understand the composed members, used properties, performance types, ceremony procedure and content. 4. To confer the meaning of every single detail of the CWGJ ceremony procedure. 5. To confer the included social concept and possessed function in the CWGJ. 6. To confer the possibilities of using CWGJ to comfort the mourning family members on grief counseling. The methods adapted in the research includes both document study and characters-oriented field work investigation. The target of the field work investigation is the business group running a CWGJ in Tainan area. We don t do the analysis and discussion on the music of CWGJ. The results of the research sum up as following: 1. CWGJ started in 1950s, spreading from Shan Hwa township ( ), Tainan county. At present, it is only applied on the occasion of funeral and burial ceremony. 2. There are four kinds of ceremonial methods (Fa Shi ) done by a CWGJ one on the day of passing away, the other three named Zuo Suen ( ), Zao Cheng ( ), Wan Cheng ( ). The first one ( ) is aimed to find the way for the deceased soul. The other three (,, ) are aimed to tell the ghost spirit about the fact of his death, comfort the ghost, guide the way and farewell the ghost spirit to the Western World of Extreme Happiness ( ). 3. CWGJ is a branch of Taoism, but is deeply influenced by the Buddhism religious ideas. San Guo New Ma ( ) is the main goddess, and guiding the deceased soul to the Western World of Extreme Happiness ( ) is the core value of its ceremonial methods and religious belief. 4. In Tainan area, a group of CWGJ performance consists of five members, including one musician in the back, and four singers in the front, in the characters of a red-head Taoist priest ( ), a Lauber ( ), a Detei ( ), and a Hsieduang ( ). 5. The whole prodecure of CWGJ is normally composed of a dozen of small ceremony V

8 sections. None of any two CWGJ performances could be found completely the same. They are different with either the performance order of the number of the sections, but they still can be concluded with three features. (1) The first part of the procedure always starts with opening ( ), having the soul in position ( ), greeting the god ( ), and dispatching heavenly officers( ). (2) The last part of the procedure always ends with dismissing god and saying nice words. (3) The rest part of the procedure in between is very different from one another. 6. In all, the main message CWGJ tries to convey includes: * Asking gods to bless the deceased soul getting to the Hades ( ) smoothly. * Paying respect to God ( ). * Purifying the altar ( ). * Informing the ghost about the fact of death. * Persuading the ghost to leave the world without worries. * Comforting the dead spirit to release burden in heart. * Guiding the deceased soul to the Western World of Extreme Happiness ( ). * Helping the mourning family feel in peace, accept the fact of death, and be ready to say good-bye. * Asking god to bless the whole family in peace, wealth and good social position. * Helping the children in mourning to express their regards to dead parent, and love among brothers and sisters. * Encouraging people to obey parents to do good things. * Teaching the correct ideas to hold a memorial ceremony. * Speading out the religious belief that having a good eating habit on vegetarian food and saying Buddhist prayers are the only way to avoid the bitterness of transmigration. * Expressing the ideas of bribing culture in the Hades to get better treatments. * Emphasizing the fairness both in this World and the Hades. * Wishing the deceased soul have a better next life. 7. When we check the function of CWGJ with the theory of Mission in Grief ( ) offered by J. William Worden, we find out that it is truly helpful to the mourning family to go through the difficulties by carrying out two missions: (1) Accepting the fact of losing their beloved one. (2) Experiencing the pain of sorrow. Key Words: Cian-Wáng-Ge-Jhèn (CWGJ), Cian-Wang-Ge, the funeral and burial ceremony, grief counseling, the meaning of the ceremony VI

9 VII

10 VIII

11 IX

12 X

13 XI

14 XII

15 XIII

16 XIV

17 XV

18 XVI

19 XVII

20 XVIII

21 XIX

22 XX

23 2000 p p.614 1

24 2000b p.107 E. Durkheim Durkheim, 1912, p.7 2

25 2001 p pp b p.97 Durkheim, 1912, pp.2-3 3

26 2001a p

27 2000 p pp p.194 5

28 6

29 7

30 Lukas & Seiden, 1997, pp

31 1999 p a p p a p p pp b pp

32 1991b p.89 10

34 1984 pp pp pp pp

35 pp

38 1994 pp pp pp a pp

39 2002 pp pp pp b pp

40 1989 pp pp b a b a pp b pp 犂 1983 pp pp

41 2001b p p.29 20

42 Harvey Mol 1978 p b pp b p b p a p b p b p a p b p.81 21

43 2001a pp a p pp pp pp 犂 2001b p b pp p p b p p.17 22

44 2002 p p p a p

45 1980 p b p a pp b p pp pp pp pp b p p a p p b p a p b pp p

46 1994b p b p a p b pp p p a p a p p.29 25

47 p b p a pp b pp a pp b p p a pp pp pp

48 2-4-1 p b 1978 pp p

49 p

50 1980 pp 敍 1988 pp 敍 1994 p.29 29

51 30 pp pp b p pp b p

52 pp p b pp pp p b pp

2-4-6 p.82 2000b 2000b p.84 2002 p.360 2000b p.84 2000 p.115 2001a p.

53 2-4-6 p b 2000b p p b p p a p b p p p pp a pp b pp

54 p a 1994 pp pp b

55 p

56 2-4-8 pp

57 p b p pp pp b pp pp pp

58 2001a pp b pp pp pp pp b pp

59 2000b pp

60 pp b pp.94-95

61 40

62 41

63 2002 pp p a p p p a p b p p p pp a pp

64 2001b p p p p p a p pp p p p a p b p p b p a pp p p b 43

65 p p pp a pp b p pp p a p

66 1998 p pp p pp b p p.136 Worden, 1995,

67 Worden Worden Worden, 1995, pp.7-21 Worden K bler-ross 2000a pp K bler-ross R. Kavanaugh a pp

68 Rando 2000a pp Rando Worden 47

69 Worden, 1995, p.60 Worden Worden, 1995, pp Worden 48

70 2000 pp a pp

71 Worden 1995, pp

72 51

73 1996 p p.22 Neuman, 2002, pp Neuman 2002, pp

74 Neuman, 2002, p.637 Jorgensen 2000, p

75 4. Fetterrman, p.16 55

76 purposive sampling Neuman, 2002, p

77 Jorgensen, 2000, pp

78 Neuman, 2002, p.637 Fetterrman, 2000, pp Jorgensen, 2000, pp

79 1996 pp Fetterrman 2000, pp Jorgensen 2000, pp Neuman 2002, pp

80 60

81 1996 pp Neuman, 2002, pp a halo effect 1991a p p.171 Fetterman, 2000, pp Junker Neuman, 2002, pp

82 Jorgensen, 2000, pp

83 Jorgensen, 2000, pp Neuman, 2002, pp Fetterman, 2000, p

84 triangulation Fetterman, 2000, pp Neuman, 2002, pp ecological validity member validation Neuman, 2002, pp

86 4-0-1 pp

94 ~

100 勅勅

101

102

103

Polo 4-1-18 4-1-19 6 14 94 7 15 8 4 4-1-20 4-1-21

104 Polo

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113 烟烟

114 (1) (2) (3) (4) 2. (1) (2) (3) 3. (1) (2) 94

115 (3)

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

128

129 (1) (2) 109

130 (3)

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

138

139 菓菓

140

141 烟

142

143

144

145

146

147 烟

148 庒

149

150 竜

151

152

153

154 (1) (2) A B C D. (3)

155

156 (1) (2) (1) (2) 136

157

158

159

160

161

162

163

164

165 (06)

166

167 ~ ~

168 5-1-1~

169 p

170

171

172

173

174

175

176

177

178

179

180

181

182

183

184

185

186

187

188

189

190

191

192

193

194

195

196 ~

197 5-3-4~

198

199

200 5 180

201

202

203

204

205 ~

206 ~

207

208

209 pp

210

211

212

213 Polo

214 Polo 袵袵

215

216

217

218

219

220

221

222 庒庒庒庒

223

224

225

226

227 gang

228

229

230

231

232

233

234

235

236

237

238

239

240

241

242

243

244

245

246

247

248

249

250

251

252 ~

253

254

255

256 烟

257

258

259

260

261

262

263

264 (1) (2) (3) 244

265 (1) (2)

266 (1) (2) ~

267 2. (1) (2) ~ ~

268

269

270

271

272

273

274

275 Harvey Mol 1978 p b p b p a p b p b p a p b p

276 p a p

277 p p

278 a p p a p p b p a p b pp b p

279 p a p b p a p b pp a p.106

280

281 p b p a pp b pp a pp b p p a pp pp pp

282

283 pp p p b pp

284

285 266

286 2000b pp

287

288 6-1-4~

289 6-1-7~

290

291 2001a pp b pp pp pp b pp

292

293 274

294 2000b p a p p p b p

295 2001a pp b p pp pp b pp p a pp

296 1997 pp pp b pp

297 p pp b p

298

299 a pp b p

300 b p a p p p a p p b p

301 1997 p pp pp p pp a pp b p pp p

302

303 a p b p p p

304 2001a p p

305

306 2001a pp pp p. 2000b pp

307

308

309

310

311

312 J. William Worden 1995, p.60 pp Worden 1994 p p a p b p p b p p p a p b p p b p

313 a pp p.122 Worden Worden

314 Worden Worden

315 Worden Worden Neuman, 2002, p

316 p.254 Worden Worden 297

317 2004 pp

318 1994 p p a p b p p b p.97 Worden

319 Worden Worden 2000 pp a pp Worden 1995, pp

320 Lukas & Seiden, 1997, pp

321 E. Durkheim Durkheim, 1912, pp

322 304

323 305

324 306

325 2001a pp b p

326

327 309

328 310

329 311

330 312

331 313 J. William Worden

332 314

333 315

334 316

335 a b

336 a b a b a b a

337 1994b Durkheim, E Fetterman, D. M Jorgensen, D. L Lukas, C. & Seiden, H. M Neuman, W. L Worden, J. W

338

339 7(940803) 5:20~8:30 廍麪 322

340 1. 2. 烟

341

342

343

344

345 1. 2. 廍 3. 廍 4. 廍

346 :00~10:

347 330

全唐诗50

全唐诗50 ... 1... 1... 2... 2... 3... 3... 3... 4... 4... 5... 5... 6... 6... 6... 7... 7... 7... 8... 8... 8... 9 I II... 9...10...10...10...11...11...11...12...12...12...13...14...14...15...15...16...16...16...17,...17...18...18...19...19...19