%

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "%"

愁芮
5 years ago
Views:

1 * The Health Problem of Indigenous Peoples in the World and in Taiwan A Historical and Political-economy Perspective by Meei-Shia CHEN * mschen@mail.ncku.edu.tw

2 %

3 211 1 M money M M C commodity C C M M 1 (Robbins 2007; Sweezy 1970; Bowles 2007)

4 M C C M = 1 1 1

5 213 Robbins 2007; Bodley 2008; Maybury-Lewis % 30% 18% 3.4% 10.8% 1/3 3 77% 4-5

6 % 3% 10 Reading & Wien % 20% 1/4 3 59% MacRae et al North American Indian Metis Inuit North American Indians

7 a 78.9 a 69.1 a 79.7 a a 82.6 a 73.7 a 83.1 a h 4.6 h h 3.6 h b 72.8 c 76.9 b 80.2 c b 76.5 c 81.7 b 83.7 c b 7.2 i 4.1 b 4.9 i b 74.8 b 72.1 d 76.0 d b 80.0 b 78.1 d 81.2 d b 8.5 j 6.0 b 5.3 j e 79.2 e e 81.1 e e 7.2 e 5.0 e 3.5 e f 67.3 f 70.8 g 78.3 f 79.5 f 80.6 g g 14.8 g 14.9 g 5.9 g 5.3 g 5.2 g

8 a Australian Bureau of Statistics Life tables for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, C230011C97F/$File/ _ pdf. (date: ) b Bramley, D., Hebert, P., Tuzzio, L., & Chassin, M Disparities in indigenous health: a crosscountry comparison between New Zealand and the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 95(5), 844. c Statistics New Zealand Tatauranga Aotearoa New Zealand period life tables: aspx. (date: ) d LeDuc Media USA life expectancy: Life expectancy Native American. worldlifeexpectancy.com/usa/life-expectancy-native-american. (date: ) e British Columbia Provincial Health Officer The health and well-being of the Aboriginal Population. (date: ) f Statistics Canada. Table Life expectancy, at birth and at age 65, by sex, five-year average, Canada and Inuit regions &pattern=Inuit&tabMode=dataTable&srchLan=-1&p1=1&p2=-1. (date: ) g Statistics Canada. Table Live births and infant mortality, by sex, five-year average, Canada and Inuit regions. pattern=inuit&tabmode=datatable&srchlan=-1&p1=1&p2=-1. (date: ) h Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health performance framework 2012: Detailed analyses. (date: ) i Statistics New Zealand Demographic trends: Tables Part 4 Deaths and life expectancy. (date: ) j Wong, C. A., Gachupin, F. C., Holman, R. C., MacDorman, M. F., Cheek, J. E., Holve, S., & Singleton, R. J American Indian and Alaska Native infant and pediatric mortality, United States, American Journal of Public Health, 104(S3), S320-S

9 Phillip et al , , ,

10 Bramley et al. 2005; Harris 2002; British Columbia Provincial Health Officer 2012; MacRae et al British Columbia Provincial Health Officer MacRae et al MacRae et al. 2013; Gracey & King 2009; Bramley et al Bird 2002; Stephens et al. 2005; Anderson et al. 2006; Montenegro & Stephens 2006; Ohenjo et al. 2006

11 219 Bird 2002; Moffat & Herring lifestyle individual behavior

12 Castor et al. 2006; Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence 2012; Hurst & Nader 2006; Ellison-Loschmann & Pearce 2006; Gracey & King 2009; MacRae et al. 2013; Rhoades 2003; Lillie-Blanton & Roubideaux Caster et al Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence Gracey & King 2009; Watson 2006; Knibbs & Sly Bird 2002; Reading & Wien Reading & Wien Lillie-Blanton & Roubideaux 2005; Bramley et al. 2005; Bergman et al. 1999; Phillips et al. 2014; Castor et al. 2006

13 221 Moffat Herring (The historical roots of high rates of infant death in Aboriginal communities in Canada in the early 1900 s: the case of Fisher River, Manitoba)

14 Moffat Herring 1999

15 %

18 % % % % 29.1% 24.6% % 41.2% 42.1% 27.3% 21.7% 14.8% % 33% 21% 3

19 227 2 % lp.asp?ctnode=3273&ctunit=384&basedsd=7&mp= F0EBD318C215E A % 31% 21% % % 5% 7% %

20 % & &

21 portal/doclist.html?cid=19f6dd25969c101d a 2/3 20% 40 5% % 2006

22 % ( ) 1980

24 proxy Wen et al b

25 , b Wen, C. P., Tsai, S. P., Shih, Y. T., & Chung, W. S. I Bridging the Gap in Life Expectancy of the Aborigines in Taiwan. International Journal of Epidemiology, 33(2),

26 ( ) % 55.9% 4 excess mortality excess mortality index of excess mortality Index of excess mortality = [Tc- Sc * Mh ]/Tc = Mc Mh /Mc Tc = Sc = Mh = Mc =

27 % 26 ( 70% ) 1 10%

28 % % Lu et al. 2003

30 behaviorism lifestyle individual behavior

31 p.242 p p Wen et al

32 % 51

33 241

35 a b vs

36 Anderson, I., Crengle, S., Leialoha Kamaka, M., Chen, T. H., Palafox, N., & Jackson-Pulver,

37 245 L Indigenous health in Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific. The Lancet, 367 (9524), Bergman, A. B., Grossman, D. C., Erdrich, A. M., Todd, J. G., & Forquera, R A political history of the Indian health service. Milbank Quarterly, 77 (4), Bird, M. E Health and indigenous people: Recommendations for the next generation. American Journal of Public Health, 92 (9), Bodley, J. H Victims of progress. Rowman Altamira. Bowles, P Capitalism. UK: Pearson Education Limited. Bramley, D., Hebert, P., Tuzzio, L., & Chassin, M Disparities in indigenous health: A cross-country comparison between New Zealand and the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 95 (5), 844. British Columbia Provincial Health Officer The health and well-being of the aboriginal population. Canada: British Columbia Provincial Health Officer. Castor, M. L., Smyser, M. S., Taualii, M. M., Park, A. N., Lawson, S. A., & Forquera, R. A A nationwide population-based study identifying health disparities between American Indians / Alaska Natives and the general populations living in select urban counties. American Journal of Public Health, 96 (8), Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence The health of aboriginal people of NSW : Report of the Chief Health Officer, Sydney: NSW Ministry of Health. Ellison-Loschmann, L., & Pearce, N Improving access to health care among New Zealand s Maori population. American Journal of Public Health, 96 (4), 612. Gracey, M., & King, M Indigenous health part 1: Determinants and disease patterns. The Lancet, 374 (9683), Harris, C Indigenous health: Fulfilling our obligation to future generations. American Journal of Public Health, 92 (9), Hurst, S., & Nader, P Building community involvement in cross-cultural indigenous health programs. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 18 (4), Knibbs, L. D., & Sly, P. D Indigenous health and environmental risk factors: An Australian problem with global analogues? Global Health Action, 7, 1-4. Lillie-Blanton, M., & Roubideaux, Y Understanding and addressing the health care needs of American Indians and Alaska Natives. American Journal of Public Health, 95 (5), 759. Lu, T. H., Ho, L. H., Lee, M. C., & Yen, C. H Epidemiological transition and trends of inequality in mortality in aboriginal areas in Taiwan, Chung Shan Medical Journal, 14 (4), MacRae A, Thomson N, Anomie, Burns J, Catto M, Gray C, Levitan L, McLoughlin N, Potter C, Ride K, Stumpers S, Trzesinski A, Urquhart B Overview of Australian indigenous health status, Retrieved [access date] from ecu.edu.au/overview_2013.pdf

38 Maybury-Lewis, D Indigenous peoples, ethnic groups, and the state. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Moffat, T., & Herring, A The historical roots of high rates of infant death in aboriginal communities in Canada in the early twentieth century: The case of Fisher River, Manitoba. Social Science & Medicine, 48 (12), Montenegro, R. A., & Stephens, C Indigenous health in Latin America and the Caribbean. The Lancet, 367 (9525), Ohenjo, N. O., Willis, R., Jackson, D., Nettleton, C., Good, K., & Mugarura, B Health of indigenous people in Africa. The Lancet, 367 (9526), Phillips, B., Morrell, S., Taylor, R. & Daniels, J A review of life expectancy and infant mortality estimations for Australian Aboriginal people. BMC Public Health, 14 (1), 1. Reading, C. L. & Wien, F Health inequalities and social determinants of Aboriginal peoples health. Prince George, BC: National Collaborating Centre for Aboriginal Health. Rhoades, E. R The health status of American Indian and Alaska Native males. American Journal of Public Health, 93 (5), Robbins, R. H Global problems and the culture of capitalism. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Stephens, C., Nettleton, C., Porter, J., Willis, R., & Clark, S Indigenous peoples healthwhy are they behind everyone, everywhere? The Lancet, 366(9479), Sweezy, P. M The theory of capitalist development. New York: Monthly Review Press. Watson, T Public health investments and the infant mortality gap: Evidence from federal sanitation interventions on US Indian reservations. Journal of Public Economics, 90 (8), Wen, C. P., Tsai, S. P., Shih, Y. T., & Chung, W. S. I Bridging the gap in life expectancy of the aborigines in Taiwan. International Journal of Epidemiology, 33 (2),

引言

1 2 Szelenyi Kostello (1996) Gordon (2000) (Alcock, 1997, pp92-96; Burden, 2000; Duffy, 1998; Gordon et al, 2000; Jordan, 1996; Saraceno, 1997; SEU, 2001) (Bauman, 1998 Silverman & Yanowitch, 1997) 1979