中國的科學與中國的公民：大陸研究在台灣的困境\\

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1 * OECD,

2 330 information technology DNA Kettl et. al., 1996: 81

3 Frederickson, 1980: 55 Kettl et. al., 1996: 80 Aberbach et. al., 1981; Dogan, 1975; Savoie, 1994; Ingraham, 1992 Kilpatrick et al., 1964 Maslow, 1954 senior executives

4 Koh, 1989: 171 & 156 merit pay human capital Lazear and Rosen, 1980: 110 expectancy theory Performance outcome practices Lawler, 1994: 72

6 334 cutback management OECD Nunberg, 1995: 11 Gore, 1993 Next Steps agency Nunberg, 1995: 12 Executive Units of Customs and Excise Executive Offices of the Inland Revenue

7 Greer, 1994: 132 Britain 1998 Greer, 1994: 16 open competitive model closed multitrack model open multitrack model Koh, 1989: 125

8 336 Administration Trainee, AT ENA A C

9 Koh, B.C., Japan s Administrative Elite, 1989: 125.

10 338 AT ENA PMIP ENA Koh, B.C., Japan s Administrative Elite, Aberbach, Bureaucrats and Politicians in Western Democracies, A B I II III I I Koh, 1989: 84 I up or out Koh, 1989: 77

11 Koh, 1989: 180 Koh, 1989: elite track Kim, 1988: 44 on-the-job training Koh, 1989: 132 off-the-job training

12 340 Koh, 1989: Koh, 1989: 118 Nevil Johnson Johnson, 1983: 183; Southern, 1979: 139 Bundesakademie für Offentliche Verwaltung

13 promotional in-service training Instituts d Etudes Politiques, IEP Suleiman, 1974: 54; Koh, 1989: 119 Kesler, 1985:

15 Rohr, 1991: 286

16 344 open structure closed structure promotion pooling Executive Officer, EO Clerical Officer, CO Clerical Assistant, CA Administration Trainee fast stream ordinal stream D HEOD principal HEO SEO assistant secretary I II administrative class Suleiman, 1974: 54; Koh, 1989:

17 Civil Service College Eugene Grebenik Reeds Center for Administrative Studies Staff College Fry, 1993: Greer, 1994, Senior Civil Service OECD, 1997: 278 Senior Executive Service

18 346 Gore, 1993: 73 USOPM, 1993: 3 Gore, 1993: 74 NAPA, 1989: 5 NAPA, 1989: 2 USMSPB, 1989: GAO, July 1995: 5 Presidential Management Intern Program, PMIP Johnson, 1991: 13

19 GS 9 Johnson, 1991: Executive Order 12645, 1988 NASPAA, 1989: 1 PMI PMI PMI Program Office Johnson, 1991: 16

20 348 I

22 350

23 E P O Suleiman Suleiman, 1974: 79

24 352 Mann,

27 Assessment Center

28 356 84

30 358

31 Aberbach, Joel D.; Putnam, Robert D. and Rockman, Bert A., Bureaucrats and Politicians in Western Democracies. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Ban, Carolyn and Riccucci, Norma M., eds., Public Personnel Management: Current Concerns, Future Challenges, Second Edition. Longman: University of Pittsburgh Press. DiPrete, Thomas A., The Bureaucratic Labor Market: The Case of the Federal Civil Service. New York: Plenum Press. Dogan, Mattei, ed., The Mandarins of Western Europe: The Political Role of Top Civil Servants. London: Sage Publications.

32 360 Frederickson, H. George, New Public Administration. Alabama: The University of Alabama Press. Fry, Geoffrey K., Reforming the Civil Service: The Fulton Committee on the British Home Civil Service of Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Gore, Al, September From Red Tape to Results: Creating a Government That Works Better & Costs Less. Washington, D.C.: USGPO. Greer, Patricia, Transforming Central Government: The Next Steps Initiative. Philadelphia: Open University Press. Hartman, Robert W. and Weber, Arnold R., eds., The Rewards of Public Service: Compensating Top Federal Officials. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution. Hays, Steven W. and Kearney, Richard C., eds., Public Personnel Administration: Problems and Prospects. New Jersey: Englewood Cliffs. Ingraham, Patricia W. and Rosenbloom, David H., The Promise and Paradox of Civil Service Reform. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. Ingraham, Patricia W.; Romzek, Barbara S. and associates, New Paradigms for Government: Issues for the Changing Public Service. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Johnson, Gail, Recruiting, Retaining, and Motivating the Federal Workforce. New York: Quorum Books. Johnson, Nevil, State and Government in the Federal Republic of Germany: The Executive at Work. Oxford: Pergamon Press. Kesler, Jean-Francois, L'E.N.A., la société, l'etat. Berger-Levrault. Kettl, Donald F.; Ingraham, Patricia W; Sanders, Ronald P. and Horner, Constance, Civil Service Reform: Building a Government That Works. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. Kilpatrick, F.P.; Cummings, M.C. Jr. and Jennings, M.K., The

33 Image of the Federal Service. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. Kim, Paul S., Japan's Civil Service System: It's Structure, Personnel, and Politics. New York: Greenwood Press. Koh, B.C., Japan's Administrative Elite. Los Angeles: University of California Press. Lawler, Edward E. III, Motivation in Work Organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Lazear, Edward and Sherwin, Rose, The Economics of Compensation of Government Officials, In Robert W. Hartman and Arnold R. Weber, eds., The Rewards of Public Service: Compensating Top Federal Officials. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution. Mann, Dean E., The Assistant Secretaries: Problems and Processes of Appointment. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. Maslow, A. H., Motivation and Personality. New York: Harper & Row. Mény, Yves, Government and Politics in Western Europe: Britain, France, Italy, Germany, Second Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. National Academy of Public Administration, August Guidebook for the Senior Executive Service. Washington, D.C.: NAPA. National Association of Schools of Public Administration and Affairs (NASPAA), In the Public Interest, Newsletter, 4(3): 1-2. Nunberg, Barbara, Managing the Civil Service: Reform Lessons from Advanced Industrialized Countries. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank. Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development, Public Management Developments: Survey Update Paris: OECD. Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development, Public Management Developments: Survey Update Paris: OECD.

34 362 Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development, Public Management Developments: Survey Update Paris: OECD. Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development, Public Management Developments: Survey Update Paris: OECD. Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development, Public Management Developments: Survey Update Paris: OECD. Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development, Issues and Developments in Public Management. Paris: OECD. Peng, Thomas C. P., American Federal Senior Executives: An Analysis of Their Motivational Changes, Taipei: Institute of American Culture, Academia Sinica. Rohr, John A., Ethical Issues in French Public Administration: A Comparative Study, Public Administration Review, July/August 1991, Vol. 51, No. 4, pp Savoie, Donald J., Thatcher, Reagan, Mulroney: In Search of a New Bureaucracy. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. Southern, David, Germany, In F.F. Ridley, ed., Government and Administration in Western Europe. New York: St. Martin's Press. Suleiman, Ezra N., Elites in French Society: The Politics of Survival. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Suleiman, Ezra N., ed., Politics, Power, and Bureaucracy in France: The Administrative Elite. Princeton: Princeton University Press. The Stationery Office, Britain 1998: An Official Handbook. London: The Stationery Office. U.S. General Accounting Office, July Federal Human Resource Management Issues Area Plan: Fiscal Years Washington, D.C.: GAO. U.S. General Accounting Office, March Federal Hiring: Testing for Entry-Level Administrative Positions Falls Short of expectations. Washington, D.C.: GAO.

35 U.S. General Accounting Office, May Senior Executive Service: Opinions About the Federal Work Environment. Washington, D.C.: GAO. U.S. General Accounting Office, September Federal Recruiting and Hiring : Authority for higher Starting Pay Useful but Guidance Needs Improvement. Washington, D.C.: GAO. U.S. Office of Personnel Management, May Personnel Research Highlights: Special Report on the Survey of federal Employees. Washington, D.C.: USOPM.

36 364 A Recruitment and Training Model for Senior Civil Service Thomas C. P. Peng Abstract There are three models in describing the senior civil services in Japan, Germany, UK, France, and US: open-competitive model, closed multitrack model, and open multitrack model. Other than the US practice, the senior civil service systems in other four countries display the following common traits: specific selection channel, valid test, specific promotion pattern, expectancy of fast promotion, and specific training system. The paper, based on expectancy theory, suggests a recruitment and training model for establishing quality senior civil service.

Microsoft Word - AH22-CH01.doc

Microsoft Word - AH22-CH01.doc 第一章人事機構... 1 人事機構之類型... 1 一人事機構類型之要義...1 二各國人事機構之發展...4 各國人事行政機構原始的設計可分為那些類型? 其利弊得失如何? 近年來的改革又趨向那一類型? 試說明之 /7 以往對各國人事機關體制