ontology Alain Touraine Touraine 1997: 237 Paul James Globalism, Nationalism, Tribalism-Bringing Theory Back In James 26 communion

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1 6 ( 2 ) 本文的田野工作主要集中在 27 年於芎林鄉上山和下山兩村進行感謝田野地鄉親的幫助, 交通大學客家文化學院莊英章院長的支持, 行政院客家委員會的經費資助論文撰寫部分, 感謝臺灣人類學刊三位審查人的意見, 以及郭佩宜呂欣怡莊雅仲許維德等對本文的建議並感謝編輯陳雅敏小姐對本文刊出的諸多協助

2 ontology Alain Touraine Touraine 1997: 237 Paul James Globalism, Nationalism, Tribalism-Bringing Theory Back In James 26 communion

3 Paul James 26 Globalism, Nationalism, Tribalism-Bringing Theory Back In Alain Touraine 1997 Pourrons-Nous Vivre Ensemble? Touraine James 1 2 ontology a good way of living 26:36 135

4 Globalism Nationalism Tribalism James changing social formations ontology live way of knowing embodiment the dominant constitutive level of contemporary society more embodied grounding politics community in lived James Mary Douglas 1996 physical body social body nature culture 1 1

5 Have lost its capacity to offer deep ontological grounding to individuals James transformation transubstantiation James Mary Douglas Natural Symbol 137 Mary Douglas Natural Symbols the two bodies social body physical body Marcel

6 Mauss the techniques of the body Douglas Levi-Strauss Douglas 1 2 Levi-Strauss analysis in depth (Rodney Needham 1967: 612 ) 3 formality and informality role confusion (intimacy) disembody ethereal Parsons structured and unstructured Parsons and Smelser solidarity informality trance-like 2 Douglas 3 Douglas

7 4 Douglas 5 Douglas Jung Jung 1968:94 P. James Victor Turner 139 Victor Turner The Ritual Process Structure and Anti-Structure 4 F. Tönnies(1955 whole and parts 5

8 Turner Levi-Strauss 1987:42-43 Ndembu Ndembu normative order whole unstructured unity structure communitas dualism process Turner communitas von Gennep liminal phase of rites de passage Turner liminal community communion Turner communitas community structure versus communitas communitas

9 homogeneity differentiation Turner Levi-Strauss Bourdieu 6 Turner communitas normative order communitas 141 Turner communitas Jung Man and His Symbols Jung the Self 6 Abner Cohen Two-Dimensional Man 1976 Durand 1964 L imagination symbolique Levi-Strauss reductive hermeneutic Durand 1964

10 Jung in the beginning was the deed Deeds inner motives violent emotional clashes 1968:65 instincts Jung original mind Jung the process of individuation Jung the Self the Self 7 Jung the Self space-time continuum Jung animal soul animal being 7 Jung 1999

11 a human being animal animal soul (animality) ( ) Jung the Self the Self Jung the Self indeterminism mental life human studies understanding structure of mental life Rickman 1976: interpretation Schleiermacher process of interpretation 143

12 , inner creative process outer and inner form of the work Schleiermacher inner and outer form H. P. Rickman part-whole (instinctive drives) mental image mental structure 1 Dilthey whole and parts indeterminism whole and parts inner and outer Mary Douglas

13 Alexander 1987 Geertz self s its model of aspect (mental disposition) model for aspects template flow, in turn, its social and psychological ones Geertz 1973: 123 interpret (shape) 124 Geertz Jung the Self 145 ㈠ 12

18 ㈡

19 151 ㈢ 2

20 ㈣

21 153 ㈤

22 ㈥㈦ 3 4 5

23 7 8 8 ㈧㈨㈩

25 6 1. 擡 2 3 X X 擡 157

33 165 ㈠

34 ㈡ 15 Durkheim 1968 meaning Mead 1967:75-81 Turner Jung Mother Nature 15

35 167 ㈢ Jung Jung

36 (Durkheim 1968: ) ㈣ Deeds Jung Deeds inner motives Jung 1968:65

37 169 ㈤ whole mental structure

38 interpret (shape) Geertz 1973: 124 Geertz Geertz Mary Douglas disembody ethereal ( purity rule Douglas 1996: 76 Paul James embodiment Douglas ethereal pure

39 purity organic ( ) Douglas shape model of aspect model for aspect Geertz 1973:123 mental structure Geertz mental dispositions P. Steven Sangren disorder order Sangren ㈥ mental disposition shaping ( ) communion reification

40 communion moods communion community in lived communion ㈦ communion communion communion Raymond Firth Symbols: Public and Private inner reality 1975: 45 Tikopia

41 transformation (transubstantiation) Evans-Pritchard Nuer 1956: , Turner communitas communion ㈧ Jung unity Self (1968:24-254) the Self Jung Self communion Firth

42 ㈨ mental structure Geertz well-being

43 175 Leach Leach 1999:12-18 template

44 communion phases James ontology communion

45 Jung unity Self communion under-stand verstehen-einfuhlen communion James more embodied 177

46 E. Casey depth horizons lived body Feld and Basso, eds ch. 1 the Self 2. Levi-Strauss Evans-Pritchard 1956: 134, nature culture 17 Jung the Self communion 17

47 3. communion G e e r t z Understanding communion communion under-stand verstehen-einfuhlen Alexander, Jeffrey G Sociological Theory Since World War II. New York: Columbia University Press. Bourdieu, Pierre 197 La Reproduction. Paris: Les Editions de Minuit. Casey, Edward S. 1997[1996] How to Get from Space to Place in a Fairly Short Stretch of Time: Phenomenological Prolegomena. In Senses of Place. Steven Feld and Keith Basso, eds. Pp New Mexico: School of American Research Press. Cohen, Abner 1976[1974] Two-Dimensional Man. Berkeley: University of California Press. Cohen, Anthony P [1985] The Symbolic Construction of Community. London & New York: Routledge. Douglas, Mary 1996[197] Natural Symbols. New York: Routledge. Durkheim, Émile 1968 [1912] Les Formes Elémentaires de la Vie Religiouse. Paris: PUF. Durand, G.lbert 1989 [1964] L imagination symbolique. Paris: PUF.

48 Evans-Pritchard, Edward Evan 1956 Nuer Religion. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Feld, Steven, and Keith Basson, eds. 1997[1996] Senses of Place. New Mexico: School of American Research Press. Firth, Raymond 1975 [1973] Symbols: Public and Private. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. Geertz, Clifford 1973 The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books Local Knowledge. New York: Basic Books. Jung, Carl G Man and His Symbols. U. S. A.: Dell Publishing Leach, Edmund R Mead, George H. 1967[1934] Mind, Self, and Society: From the Standpoint of a Social Behaviorist. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. Paul, James 26 Balism, Nationalism, Tribalism: Bringing Theory Back In. London: Sage Publication. Rickman, Hans Peter 1976 W. Dilthey: Selected Writings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Sangren, P. Steven 1987 History and Magical Power in a Chinese Community. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Tönnies, Ferdinand 1955 [1887] Community and Association (Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft). C. P. Loomis, trans. and supplemented. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Touraine, Alain 1997 Pourrons-Nous Vivre Ensemble? Paris: Fayard. Turner, Victor 1987[1969] The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure. Ithaka, New York: Cornell University Press.

49 181 誌文內標示為無法辨識的字

50 hh7@mail2.cim.tw

51 The Castrated Cock Contest in the Hakka Village of Sinchu County: The Cultural Construction and Ontology in the Local Community Hsiu-hsin Lin Department of Humanities and Social Sciences/Institute of Ethnicity and Culture, National Chiao Tung University 183 Through the interpretation of the castrated cock contest in a Hakka village in Northern Taiwan, this paper explores the ontology of the social process of local community in social structure. In this process, the physical body is the first realm in which the tension between the natural and the social plays out. The body carries our wild nature of instinct while living in the social environment a fundamental contradiction for human beings that needs to be resolved. In raising and castrating the cocks, participating in the cock contest, and offering the cock to god as sacrifice, the Hakka villagers practice a hermeneutic circle to interpret the relations between nature, the self, and the other. With the body as the indispensable medium, culture is constructed through the community members mutual understanding with each other. In conclusion, I argue that small scale and embodied communication is central to the lived experience of the community. Keywords Hakka, castrated cock, local community, ontology, hermeneutic circle

2 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期 Mary Douglas, Purity and Danger: An Analysis of the Concepts of Pollution and Taboo (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1966) 200

2 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期 Mary Douglas, Purity and Danger: An Analysis of the Concepts of Pollution and Taboo (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1966) 200 BIBLID 0254-4466(2009)27:4 pp. 1-34 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期 ( 民國 98 年 12 月 ) ** * 2008 3 7 2009 10 21 * ** NSC 96-2411-H-006-007-MY3 1 2 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期 1 2 1 Mary Douglas, Purity and Danger: An Analysis of the