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1 作物学报 ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA 2008, 34(4): ISSN ; CODEN TSHPA9 DOI: /SP.J 高温胁迫对国稻 6 号开花结实习性的影响 * 陶龙兴谈惠娟王熹曹立勇宋建程式华 ( /, ) :, 6, 40, 15 6 h,,, 6 46,, 6,,,, ;,,, 2 h : ; ; ; ; Effects of High Temperature Stress on Flowering and Grain-Setting Characteristics for Guodao 6 TAO Long-Xing, TAN Hui-Juan, WANG Xi, CAO Li-Yong, SONG Jian, and CHENG Shi-Hua * (National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology / China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou , Zhejiang, China) Abstract: Worldwide warming climate is causing more and more disadvantages for farming. A better understanding of high temperature stress on rice production is necessary for sustainable agriculture. In present study, eight leading hybrid rice combinations were selected to study the physiological and morphological adaptability to 40 air temperature stress. Heat treatment was conducted by 6 h each day from initial heading through 15 days. Guodao 6 and Xieyou 46 showed significant differences in response to high temperature stress during flowering period, and were selected to do further study on their flowering and grain-setting characteristic to high temperature stress. It was observed that Guodao 6 showed a relative stability in grain setting under high temperature stress. This may be associated with its adaptability to heat avoidance, displaying flowering period shortened and Apical grain superiority weakened, as well as flowering clock decentralized and the flowering peak value decreased. Daily number of spikelet flowering increased and flowering clock delayed for 2 hours during initial heading period. Keywords: High temperature stress; Heat tolerance; Hybrid rice; Flowering clock; Glumes opening rate,, ~2.6,, , 30 [1-8],,, 8812, 6 ( 2 6 ) ,, [9],, [10-14], 6 基金项目 : ; (06-01); ( B); ( ); ; (2005C22019) 作者简介 : (1962 ),,,,, lxtao@mail.hz.zj.cn, Tel: * (Corresponding author): Tel ; shcheng@mail.hz.zj.cn Received(): ; Accepted( :

2 670 34, 1 材料与方法 Ⅱ ( ), 666 m 2 0.7~0.8 kg,,,, ( ) 6 46, 30 cm, 30 cm, 2, 1 25 kg, 0.1% 极值高温设计 [15] ,, [10,16-19], ( W), 9:00 15:00 40~42 ;, 6 h (9:00 15:00), 15 d, 热害指数测定,,, [9,16-19], 花期观察,,,, [9] 10,,,,,, g, 80%(25 mg) ;, mg 10%, mg ( ), mg ( ) 6 3.2~24.9 mg, ~18.9 mg 花时观察 ,, ( 3 ) 2,, [10] 2 结果与分析 d, 6 h (9:00 15:00) 40~42 [9], (30~28 ),,,, 6, 46 1, (1) 6 46,, 6.9% 12.2%; (2) 6 46,, %, %, , 32% 46%; (3); (4), (1) 6 46, 4%, 6%; (2), 6 2 d (25%), 46 1 d (17%); (3),, 1,,, 6 4 3, , (),, 3~4 d ( 1)

3 4 : Table 1 Combination 表 1 开花结实期高温胁迫对杂交稻结实性状的影响 Effects of high temperature stress during flowering to grain setting stage on yield components for hybrid rice a) Treatment a) Spikelets per panicle Grain setting rate (%) Partially filled grains (%) Infertile grains (%) 1000-grain weight (g) b) Heat injury index b) 6 NT ± 11.2 a 84.4 ± 1.3 a 8.7 ± 0.42 a 6.9 ± 0.05 a 31.4 ± 0.71 a Guodao 6 HT ± 4.9 a 52.1 ± 4.6 b 36.7 ± 1.32 b 11.2 ± 0.14 b 32.0 ± 0.31 a d 46 NT ± 8.3 a 79.2 ± 4.4 a 8.6 ± 0.52 a 12.2 ± 0.61 a 25.2 ± 0.26 a Xieyou 46 HT ± 7.2 a 33.2 ± 3.2 b 41.6 ± 2.01 b 25.3 ± 0.21 b 26.3 ± 0.27 a a NT ± 1.2 a 81.4 ± 3.6 a 11.3 ± 0.35 a 7.3 ± 0.41 a 25.6 ± 0.07 a Liangyoupeijiu HT ± 4.1 a 37.4 ± 3.2 b 48.6 ± 3.0 b 14.4 ± 0.19 b 25.9 ± 0.17 a b 9308 NT ± 4.4 a 83.3 ± 4.1 a 8.6 ± 0.35 a 8.2 ± 0.91 a 25.6 ± 0.07 a Xieyou 9308 HT ± 4.5 a 42.6 ± 4.6 b 41.8 ± 0.69 b 11.6 ± 0.75 b 25.9 ± 0.17 a c NT ± 12.0 a 81.5 ± 4.3 a 11.3 ± 0.72 a 7.2 ± 0.35 a 25.7 ± 0.54 a ZJY 8006 HT ± 7.6 a 48.0 ± 4.3 b 41.7 ± 1.2 b 10.3 ± 0.46 b 26.2 ± 0.09 a d II 7954 NT ± 12.9 a 78.5 ± 4.3 a 11.2 ± 0.51 a 10.3 ± 0.07 a 26.5 ± 0.61 a II You 7954 HT ± 8.3 a 34.2 ± 0.9 b 44.4 ± 2.9 b 19.4 ± 0.51 b 27.4 ± 0.28 a a 1 NT ± 11.3 a 87.5 ± 0.6 a 8.6 ± 0.72 a 8.9 ± 0.82 a 25.6 ± 0.71 a ZZY 1 HT ± 9.2 a 47.6 ± 0.4 b 39.2 ± 0.61 b 13.2 ± 0.71 b 27.0 ± 0.32 a d 63 NT ± 12.0 a 80.3 ± 0.3 a 11.8 ± 0.54 a 7.9 ± 0.70 a 25.7 ± 0.38 a Shanyou 63 HT ± 7.6 a 45.1 ± 0.3 b 43.9 ± 0.31 b 11.0 ± 0.51 b 27.0 ± 0.28 a c a) ; b) ( )/ a) NT: natural temperature condition; HT: high temperature treatment. b) Heat injury index = (Grain-setting rate under natural condition Grain-setting rate under high temperature)/grain-setting rate under natural temperature. Combination 表 2 高温胁迫对国稻 6 号和协优 46 花期的影响 Table 2 Effects of high temperature stress on time curse of spikelet flowering per panicle for Guodao 6 and Xieyou 46 Treatment Spikelets per panicle No./rate of glumes dehiscence Flowering No. of glumes dehiscence on each day after heading duration (d) 1 d 2 d 3 d 4 d 5 d 6 d 7 d 8 d 6 NT ± % Guodao 6 HT ± % NT ± % Xieyou 46 HT ± % NT: natural temperature condition; HT: high temperature treatment. : Anthesis finished in a panicle. 图 1 高温胁迫对国稻 6 号和协优 46 花时的影响 Fig. 1 Effect of high temperature stress on spikelet flowering clock for Guodao 6 and Xieyou 46 3 Observed at 3 days after heading. NT: natural temperature condition; HT: high temperature treatment.

4 , (1) (11:00 ), 2 h; (2) ; (3),, 11: %, 11: % 46, 6 2.4,,,,, 2,,, 6, 6 ( 2), (1), 1~5 d, 25 mg ; (2) mg 17.5 mg, ( 8 ), 7.6 mg, 2 () 32.6 mg 23.3%; (3) 6, 20.6 mg, mg 61.5%, 46 ( 2), (1), 1~4, 20 mg; (2) 6, 5.0 mg, mg() 19.2%; (3) mg, mg( ) 46.3% , 3, (1), 6 1~5 d 90%,, 图 2 高温胁迫对国稻 6 号和协优 46 不同花期小穗粒重的影响 Fig. 2 Effect of high temperature stress on grain weight of spikelet with different flowering time for Guodao 6 and Xieyou 46 NT: natural temperature condition; HT: high temperature treatment. Table 3 表 3 高温胁迫对国稻 6 号和协优 46 不同花期小穗结实的影响 Effect of high temperature stress on spikelet setting of Guodao 6 and Xieyou 46 during flowering stage Combination Treatment Spikelet setting status (%) Days after heading 1d 2 d 3 d 4 d 5 d 6 d 7 d 8 d 6 Guodao 6 NT HT FFG PFG UFG FFG PFG UFG FFG Xieyou 46 NT PFG UFG FFG HT PFG UFG NT: natural temperature condition; HT: high temperature treatment. FFG: fully filled grain; PFG: partially filled grain; UFG: un-filled grain.

5 4 : %(5%~ 15%),, ; (2), 6,, 1~4 d 10%, 5~6 d 20%; (3) 46,, 6, 15%; (4), 6, 46, 1~3, 15%,, 4~5 30% 3 讨论 2003,, 30%, ( ), 1973, ( ) [18,20-22] ( ), 6,, [9], [10-11,14,18],,, I-KI TTC, [19,22-23] ;,, [17], 6 [9], 6 46, 6,, (1) 6 200, 8 d, 6 d, 46 1 d ( 2), ( 2) [24-26], , , ( 1) (2),, 6, 7:00 8:00 ( 1), 11:00,, 65%, 34% 46, 6 [1], 6 46, 1~2 h [10,13,17,23],,, 4 结论 6,, (1), d 1 d,,, (2) 6 46,,, References [1] Hu J-C ( ), Jiang D (), Cao W-X ( ). Effect of short-term drought on leaf water potential, photosynthesis and dry matter partitioning in paddy rice. Chin J Appl Ecol ( ), 2004, 15(1): (in Chinese with English abstract) [2] Cheng J-P ( ), Cao C-G ( ), Cai M-L ( ), Wang J-P ( ), Yuan B-Z ( ), Wang J-Z ( ), Zheng C-J ( ). Effects of different irrigation modes on biological characteristics and water use efficiency of paddy rice. Chin J Appl Ecol (), 2006, 17(10): (in Chinese with English abstract) [3] He F(). Applied Ecology ( ). Beijing: Science Press, 2003 (in Chinese) [4] Li J (), Wang M-X ( ), Wang Y-S ( ), Huang Y

6 (), Zheng X-H ( ), Xu X (). Advance of researches on greenhouse gases emission from Chinese agricultural ecosystem. Chin J Atmospheric Sci (), 2003, 27(4): (in Chinese with English abstract) [5] Wang X-K ( ), Wang G-W ( ), Wang Y-J ( ). A survey on high temperature injury on rice in Anhui Agric Sci Bull (), 2004, 10(1): (in Chinese with English abstract) [6] Wang H-Y ( ), Zhang J (), Wang Z-S ( ). Analysis and technical solution for heat injury on rice. Anhui Agric Sci Bull (), 2004, 10(2): (in Chinese with English abstract) [7] Wang C-L ( ), Zhong W-G ( ). Effects of high temperature on rice seed setting rate and its countermeasure. Jiangsu Agric Sci (), 2004, (1): 4 15 (in Chinese with English abstract) [8] Zhang G-L ( ), Chen L-Y ( ), Lei D-Y ( ), Zhang S-T ( ). Progresses in research on heat tolerance in rice. Hybrid Rice (), 2005, 20(1): 1 5 (in Chinese with English abstract) [9] Tao L-X ( ), Tan H-J ( ), Wang X (), Cao L-Y ( ), Cheng S-H ( ). Effects of heat injury on super hybrid rice Guodao-6 during flowering stage. Chin J R Sci ( ), 2007, 21(5): (in Chinese with English abstract) [10] Matsui T, Omasa K, Horie T. High Temperature at flowering inhibits swelling of pollen grains, a driving force of thecae dehiscence in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Prod Sci, 2000, 3: [11] China Academy of Agricultural Sciences ( ). China Rice Cultivation ( ). Beijing: Agriculture Press, pp (in Chinese) [12] Li C-D ( ). A analysis on mass empty grain caused by high temperature. Shaanxi Agric Sci (), 2003, (5): (in Chinese with English abstract) [13] Shanghai Plant Physiology Research Institute ( ). Influence of high temperature on grain setting of early rice and its countermeasure technique: II. Sensitive stage to heat injury for early rice. Acta Bot Sin (), 1977, 19(2): (in Chinese) [14] Shanghai Plant Physiology Research Institute ( ). Influence of high temperature on grain setting of early rice and its countermeasure technique: I. Effect of high temperature on flowering and grain setting. Acta Bot Sin (), 1976, 18 (3): (in Chinese) [15] Shen B (), Li T-G ( ). Evaluation of high temperature injury on new rice variety (combination). Seeds (), 1996, 15(6): (in Chinese with English abstract) [16] Liang K-J( ), Lin W-X( ), Chen Z-X( ). Heterosis and genetic correlation analysis of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain weight development under different environmental conditions. Chin J Appl Ecol ( ), 2003, 14(12): (in Chinese with English abstract) [17] Luo L-H ( ), Liu G-H ( ), Xiao Y-H ( ). Influences of high-temperature stress on the fertility of pollen, spikelet and grain-weight in rice. J Hunan Agric Univ (Nat Sci) ( ), 2005, 31(6): (in Chinese with English abstract) [18] Lü C-G ( ), Wang C-L ( ), Zong S-Y ( ), Zhao L (), Zou J-S ( ). Effects of temperature on fertility and seed set in intersubspecific hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.). Acta Agron Sin (), 2002, 28(4): (in Chinese with English abstract) [19] Matsui T, Omasa K, Horie T. The difference in sterility due to high temperature during the flowering period among japonica rice varieties. Plant Prod Sci, 2001, 4: [20] Xia M-Y ( ), Qi H-X ( ). Effects of heat injury on grain setting rate for four rice combinations. Hubei Agric Sci ( ), 2004, (2): (in Chinese with English abstract) [21] Zheng J-C( ), Zhang B (), Chen L-G ( ). Genotypic differences in effects of high air temperature in field on rice yield components and grain quality during heading stage. Jiangsu J Agric Sci (), 2005, 21(4): (in Chinese with English abstract) [22] Xu H-B ( ), Wang G-M ( ), Wei M (). Correlation analysis of the characters of pollen grain and seed setting of rice under high temperature stress. J Southwest Agric Univ ( ), 2001, 23(3): (in Chinese with English abstract) [23] Wang Z (), Lu C-M ( ), Gu Y-J ( ). A study on spikelet opening mechanism: I. Effects of temperature on glume opening and pollen activity of rice. Acta Agron Sin (), 1988, 14(1): (in Chinese with English abstract) [24] Wang X (), Tao L-X ( ), Huang X-L ( ), Yu M-Y ( ). Seed setting characteristics and physiological bases of subspecies hybrid rice Xieyou Acta Agron Sin ( ), 2003, 29(4): (in Chinese with English abstract) [25] Zhu Q-S ( ), Zhang Z-J ( ), Yang J-C ( ), Cao X-Z ( ). Source-sink characteristics related to the yield in intersubspecific hybrid rice. Sci Agric Sin (), 1997, 30(1): (in Chinese with English abstract) [26] Li X-Z ( ), Liang M-Z ( ), Zhou G-Q ( ). Effect of environment condition on pollen vigor and seed set during flowing time of rice. Acta Agron Sin (), 2002, 28(3): (in Chinese with English abstract)

2011年第30期终2011-12-3

2011年第30期终2011-12-3 国农学通报 11,7():1-1 Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 高温逼熟等级对早稻品质与产量特征的影响曾凯 1, 居为民, 周玉, 管建丰, 王尚明 1 1, 张清霞 ( 1 江西省农业气象试验站, 南昌 ; 南京大学国际地球系统科学研究所,