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1 Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, Jul. 20, 9(4): DOI: /SP.J * 董捷 ** 安建东黄家兴周志勇赵亚周 2 邢艳红 ( ; ) 应用意大利蜜蜂和小峰熊蜂在北京平谷区果树试验站为设施桃传粉, 以研究 2 种蜂的传粉行为对设施桃果实生长发育及其品质的影响结果表明, 应用小峰熊蜂授粉, 设施桃果实在整个发育过程中的果径增长速度显著高于意大利蜜蜂授粉的果实 (P<0.05) 2 种蜂授粉的设施桃果实发育历期不同, 小峰熊蜂授粉区的桃果实比意大利蜜蜂授粉区的果实提前 7 d 左右成熟桃的生理落果高峰在小峰熊蜂授粉区出现 2 次, 而在意大利蜜蜂授粉区出现 3 次在小峰熊蜂授粉区, 距离蜂箱不同距离之间的桃座果率基本一致 ; 而在意大利蜜蜂授粉区, 座果率随着与蜂箱距离的增大而明显降低小峰熊蜂授粉区桃树的平均座果率略高于意大利蜜蜂授粉区, 但二者之间差异不显著 (P>0.05) 经 2 种蜂传粉的设施桃果实营养品质差异不显著 (P>0.05), 但二者均明显优于人工授粉组 ( 对照 ) 和意大利蜜蜂授粉的桃果实相比, 经小峰熊蜂传粉后的桃果实, 单果重高, 畸形果率低 (P<0.05) 本研究认为中国本土小峰熊蜂为设施桃的传粉效率优于意大利蜜蜂设施桃意大利蜜蜂小峰熊蜂授粉果实发育果实品质 : S897.3 : A : (20) Effects of pollination by different bees on peach fruit development and quality under greenhouse conditions DONG Jie, AN Jian-Dong, HUANG Jia-Xing, ZHOU Zhi-Yong, ZHAO Ya-Zhou, XING Yan-Hong 2 (. Key Laboratory for Insect-pollinator Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Apiculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 00093, China; 2. Pinggu District Farming Service Center, Beijing 0200, China) Abstract Honeybee Apis mellifera and bumblebee Bombus hypocrita are the two main pollinators of greenhouse peaches in China. The effects of pollination by the two bee species on peach fruit development and quality were studied in greenhouse conditions in Pinggu of Beijing City for 2008~200. The results showed that the diameter growth rate of peach fruit pollinated by B. hypocrita was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of peach fruit pollinated by A. mellifera. The developmental duration of peach fruit pollinated by the two bee species differed, with B. hypocrita pollinating fruits ripening on the average by seven days earlier than A. mellifera pollinating fruits. While a di-peak physiological fruit-drop was noted in B. hypocrita pollinating fruits, a tri-peak physiological fruit-drop was observed in A. mellifera pollinating fruits. The rate of fruit setting of B. hypocrita pollinating peaches under greenhouse conditions did not significantly changed with the distance of peach trees to beehives. The rate of fruit setting of A. mellifera pollinating peaches under greenhouse significantly declined with increasing distance to beehives. There existed no significant difference (P>0.05) in fruit quality between fruits pollinated by different pollinator species. However, the quality of fruits pollinated by bees was significantly better (P<0.05) than that of the control (artificial pollination). Compared with A. mellifera pollination, B. hypocrita pollination resulted in higher single fruit weight and lower rate of malformed fruit (P<0.05) of peach fruits. In conclusion, the Chinese native bumblebee B. hypocrita was a better pollinator of greenhouses peach than the honeybee A. mellifera. Key words Greenhouse peach, Apis mellifera, Bombus hypocrita, Pollination, Fruit development, Fruit quality (Received Nov. 2, 200; accepted Jan. 9, 20) * ( ) 948 (20-S) (CARS-45) ** : (975~),,,, anjiandong@yahoo.com.cn (983~),,,, smalljie983@63.com : :

2 4 : 837,, [],,, 7~0,, [2],,,,,, (Apis mellifera) (A. cerana),, (Bombus lucorum) (B. patagiatus) (B. hypocrita), [3 5], [6 7] [8],,,,,, [9 4], 2,,, 材料与方法. 2008~200 :, 50 m, 7 m, 2.3 m, 3.2 m,, 2,,,,, 2 2, 90342, m m, 4,,.2,,.3.3., 3 :,,,, 60, 7 d,.3.2 5, 7,, 5 d, 7 d,,, 2, 5 m 5 m 25 m 35 m 2, 0,,.3.3, 6,, kg, () VC.4 SPSS VC, Microsoft Excel 2003

3 结果与分析 2. ( ) 9:00(2.72± 0.80 ), 3:00(24.2±0.53 ), ;, 9:00 (82.82%± 2.45%), 3:00(23.36%±2.34%), ( a) 9:00(6 999±67 Lux) 2:00(20 589± 56 Lux), ( b),, h : ( )) ( ), 2 24 ~4 8, 4 9~29, 4 30 ~5 29, 43 d 2 d 30 d, 2 24 ~4 5, 4 6 ~5 7, 5 8 ~6 7, 50 d 22 d 30 d( ),, 7 d,, 7 d 2.3 ( 2) ,, ( 2): ( ),,, >.00±0.05 mm, 0.87±0.04 mm(p<0.0) ),,, > (P<0.0) Fig. Table 图桃温室内温湿度 (a) 和光照强度 (b) 的日变化规律 Daily variation of temperature, humidity (a) and light intensity (b) in peach greenhouse 表不同蜂授粉对设施桃果实发育历期的影响 Developmental duration of greenhouse peach fruit pollinated by different bee species Bee species Fruit developmental stage Duration of stage (d) Total developmental duration of fruit (d) A. mellifera B. hypocrita ) Fruit fast growing stage 49.8±0.4 ) Fruit core-hardening stage 2.6±0.4 ) Fruit expanding stage 30.±0.3 ( ) Fruit fast growing stage 43.4±0.3 ( ) Fruit core-hardening stage 20.8±0.3 ( ) Fruit expanding stage 30.3± ± ±0.5

4 4 : 839 Fig. 2 图 2 设施桃果实纵径和横径的生长发育曲线 Fruit vertical and horizontal diameter growth curves of greenhouse peach fruit pollinated by different bee species Bee species Table 2 表 2 不同蜂授粉的设施桃果实果径生长情况 Fruit diameter growth rate of greenhouse peach fruit pollinated by different bee species Fruit developmental stage Accumulative growth rate (mm) Daily growth rate (mm d ) Vertical diameter Horizontal diameter Vertical diameter Horizontal diameter A. mellifera ( ) 43.67±0.40a 32.88±0.23A 0.87±0.04A 0.66±0.0a B. hypocrita Fruit fast growing stage 43.8±0.42a 28.9±0.3B.00±0.05B 0.66±0.0a A. mellifera ) 5.29±0.2aA 8.4±0.3A 0.23±0.0A 0.38±0.02A B. hypocrita Fruit core-hardening stage 5.97±0.2bA 9.70±0.34B 0.28±0.0B 0.48±0.02B A. mellifera ( ) 9.6±0.66A 8.99±0.67A 0.65±0.02A 0.62±0.02A B. hypocrita Fruit expanding stage 23.53±0.36B 23.89±0.43B 0.76±0.02B 0.78±0.02B (P<0.05)(P<0.0), Different capital and small letters in the same column mean significant difference at 0.0 and 0.05 levels, respectively. The same below. ),, (P<0.0) 3,, (P<0.0) 2.4, , 3,, 3 22,, 7.06%, (67.23%),,,,, ; 2 ; ,, 5.07%,,, 6.36%,,,,, 2 5 7, 2.95%; 5 3, 3, 6.40%,, ;,, 3, 2 Fig. 3 图 3 不同蜂授粉对设施桃落果率的影响 Fruit drop rate of greenhouse peach pollinated by different bee species

实果径生长情况 Fruit diameter growth rate of greenhouse peach fruit pollinated by different bee species Fruit developmental stage Accumulative growth rate (mm) Daily growth rate (mm d ) Vertical

5 , ,, ( 4) 9.00%±0.43%, 9.60%±0.48%,, (P>0.05), 4,, 图 4 不同蜂授粉下桃树与蜂箱之间距离对设施桃座果率的影响 Fig. 4 Fruit setting rate of greenhouse peach at different distance from beehive with different bee pollination, 5 m, 0.88%±.00%, 35 m, 7.3%±0.48%, (P<0.05),,, 5 m 5 m 25 m 35 m : 9.49%±.26% 0.06%± 0.78% 9.22%±0.95% 9.62%±0.80%, (P>0.05),, ( 3): 2 VC (P>0.05), (P<0.05), (P<0.05), 2 (P<0.05) 2, (P<0.05), Table 3 表 3 不同蜂授粉对设施桃品质的影响 Fruit qualities of greenhouse peach pollinated by different bee species Pollination mode Artificial pollination (CK) A. mellifera pollination B. hypocrite pollination Soluble solid content (%) VC VC content (mg 00 g ) Sugar content (%) Acid content (g kg ) Sugar/acid Malformed fruit rate (%) Single fruit weight (g) 7.60±0.9a 3.07±0.25a 5.5±0.7a 3.07±0.0a 8.0±0.2a 4.74±0.22a 04.7±2.09a 8.87±0.25b 3.3±0.24a 6.33±0.24b 2.97±0.a 2.4±.b 3.27±0.28b 7.24±2.56b 8.38±0.4b 3.29±0.27a 6.08±0.2b 3.0±0.07a 20.3±0.6b 2.3±0.29c 24.8±2.27c 3 讨论,,,, 0, 2~4 ; 4, [5 6], 30 [7] ;,, [8] 24.2±0.53, 2.72±0.80,,

78% 9.22%±0.95% 9.62%±0.80%, (P>0.05),, 2.6 2 ( 3): 2 VC (P>0.05), (P<0.05), (P<0.05), 2 (P<0.05) 2, (P<0.

6 4 : 84 7, 8 ; 3, 4 ; ;, [9],,,,, [20],, [2],, 7 d, [22] [23],,, 3 :, ; 2 ; 3 [24], 3, 2 2,,,,, ;,, 2, (P>0.05), [7], 3, 2.95%,,,,, [25] 2VC (P>0.05), (, P<0.05),,, [26],, (P<0.05), 2, ;,,,,,,,, 参考文献 [],,,. [J]., 2003, 20(6): [2]. [M]. :, 999 [3],,,. [J]., 2006, 49(2): [4],,,. [J]., 2006, 43(): [5],,,. [J]., 2007, 58(2): 5 8 [6],,,. [J]., 2006, 26(5): [7],,. [J]., 2008, 45(5): [8],,,. [J]., 2004(2): 9 [9],,. [J]., 2005, 56(7): 8 0 [0],,,. [J]., 2006(0): 7 9 [] Shin Y S, Park S D, Kim J H. Influence of pollination methods on fruit development and sugar contents of oriental melon (Cucumis melo L. cv. Sagyejeol-Ggul)[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2007, 2(4): [2],,,. [J]., 2005, 56(0): 8 9 [3],,,.

[J]., 2008, 45(5): 824 827 [8],,,. [J]., 2004(2): 9 [9],,. [J]., 2005, 56(7): 8 0 [0],,,. [J]., 2006(0): 7 9 [] Shin Y S, Park S D, Kim J H.

7 [J]., 2005(7): 3 4 [4] Dag A, Kammer Y. Comparison between the effectiveness of honey bee (Apis mellifera) and bumble bee (Bombus terrestris) as pollinators of greenhouse sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum)[j]. Am Bee J, 200, 4(6): [5],,,. [J]., 989, 6(): 6 [6] Hedhly A, Hormaza J I, Herrero M. The effect of temperature on pollen germination, pollen tube growth, and stigmatic receptivity in peach[j]. Plant Biol, 2005, 7(5): [7],,. [M]. :, 988 [8],. [J]., 999(3): 2 [9],,,. [J]., 2007, 8(5): [20] Serrano A R N, Guerra-Sanz J M. Quality fruit improvement in sweet pepper culture by bumblebee pollination[j]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2006, 0(2): [2],,. [J]., 2006(4): [22],,,. [J]., 2005(2): 3 4 [23],,. [J]., 2006(4): [24],,,. [J]., 200, 2(6): [25],. [J]., 2006(5): 27 [26],,,. [J]., 2005, 2(7): , , 5~7, ( ): 会议目的,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2 大会主题及专题 9, :,,,,,,,, 3 报到时间和地点 #, ( ), 会议联系方式 (): : : : lrylin2004@63.com (2): : : : sqnxu@sina.com () : : : : makun04@63.com (2) : () : : : songnp@63.com 5 有关事项, 800 /, 400 / ()(, );

Am Bee J, 200, 4(6): 447 448 [5],,,. [J]., 989, 6(): 6 [6] Hedhly A, Hormaza J I, Herrero M. The effect of temperature on pollen germination, pollen tube growth, and stigmatic receptivity in peach[j].

吴根良等不同前作对设施草莓土壤环境动态变化和经济效益的影响 4 土传病害也因此日趋严重严重影响草莓的产量和品质轮作尤其是水旱轮作是克服连作障 5 6 233 棚揭开大棚膜其他大棚不揭膜都按常规进行水肥农药的管理 8 月初前作结束后用产品名碍的有效技术措施之一其中有关水稻草 7

吴根良等不同前作对设施草莓土壤环境动态变化和经济效益的影响 4 土传病害也因此日趋严重严重影响草莓的产量和品质轮作尤其是水旱轮作是克服连作障 5 6 233 棚揭开大棚膜其他大棚不揭膜都按常规进行水肥农药的管理 8 月初前作结束后用产品名碍的有效技术措施之一其中有关水稻草 7 24( 2) : 232 237 浙江农业学报 Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis 2012 http: / / www zjnyxb cn 2012 24( 2) : 吴根良忻雅童建新等不同前作对设施草莓土壤环境动态变化和经济效益的影响 J 浙江农业学报 232 237 不同前作对设施草莓土壤环境动态变化和经济效益的影响 1 吴根良忻 ( 1 1 * 雅童建新1