1789 Edmund Burke 1 Duke of Leeds 2 William Eden The Correspondence of Edmund Burke ed. T. W. Copeland et al 10 vols. Cambridge 1

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1 No Journal of Sichuan University Social Science Edition Sum No. 196 H. T. Dickingson K A Charles James Fox William Wordsworth William Blake Robert Southey Richard Price Thomas Paine Thomas Hardy EH8 9YL For the contrasting views in Britain on the French Revolution see H. T. Dickinson The Impact of the French Revolution in Britain Contemporary Review H. T. Dickinson Counter-revolution in Britain in the 1790s Tijdschrift Voor Geschiedenis H. T. Dickinson British Radicalism and the French Revolution Oxford 1985 and the various essays in Britain and the French Revolution ed. H. T. Dickinson London

2 1789 Edmund Burke 1 Duke of Leeds 2 William Eden The Correspondence of Edmund Burke ed. T. W. Copeland et al 10 vols. Cambridge vi 10. To the Earl of Charlemont 9 Aug Hereafter cited as Burke s Corr. 2 3 John Ehrman The Younger Pitt London 1983 ii 4. Historical Manuscripts Commission J. B. Fortescue Mss London 1894 ii 97. William Eden Lord Auckland to William Grenville 13 June F. P. Lock Burke s Reflections on the Revolution in France London 1985 chap

3 John Bowles 2 Arthur Young 瑏瑠瑏瑡 1 Edmund Burke An Appeal from the New to the Old Whigs in The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke Bohn edition 6 vols. London iii 14. Hereafter cited as Burke s Works. 2 John Bowles The Dangers of a Premature Peace London 1795 p Arthur Young The Example of France A Warning to Britain London 1793 pp An Appeal from the New to the Old Whigs Burke s Works iii Richard Watson An Address to the People of Great Britain London 1798 pp William Vincent A Sermon... Preached before the Associated Volunteer Companies London 1799 pp George Hill Instructions Offered by the Present War to the People of Great Britain Edinburgh 1793 p Emily Lorraine de Montluzin The Anti-Jacobins London 1988 p. 6. See also William Playfair The History of Jacobinism London Remarks on the Policy of the Allies Burke s Works iii 417. 瑏瑠 A Letter to a Member of the National Assembly Burke s Works ii 529. 瑏瑡 Letters on a Regicide Peace Burke s Works v

4 Augustin de Barruel See Emily Lorraine de Montluzin The Anti-Jacobins pp and Bernard N. Schilling Conservative England and the Case against Voltaire New York 1950 pp See for example John Robison Proofs of a Conspiracy against All the Religions and Governments of Europe Carried on in the Secret Meetings of Free Masons Illuminati and Reading Societies London 1797 and Rev. Lewis Hughes Historical View of the Rise Progress and Tendency of the Principles of Jacobinism John Bowles Reflections at the Conclusion of the War 2nd edn. London 1801 pp See also the Portrait of a Jacobin in Betty Bennett British War Poetry in the Age of Romanticism New York 1976 p Burke s Corr. viii 130. To William Smith 29 Jan Thoughts on French Affairs Burke s Works iii 349 and John Bowles The Dangers of a Premature Peace p An Appeal from the New to the Old Whigs Burke s Works iii 10 The Anti-Jacobin Review i and the British Critic xii Letters on a Regicide Peace Burke s Works v William Vincent A Sermon... Preached before the Associated Volunteer Companies p

5 William Grenville William Paley William Cusac Smith Robert Nares Francis Plowden Samuel Horsley Richard Hey John Reeves Hannah More William Jones Theodore Price Job Nott Burke s Corr. vi 141. To Charles-Alexandre de Calonne 25 Oct Reflections on the Revolution in France Burke s Works ii 284. Burke s Reflections were in large measure a reaction to Richard Price s celebrated lecture to the Revolution Society on 4 November This lecture A Discourse on the Love of Our Country with its radical and pro-french Revolution sentiments was published early in 1790 and went through six editions before the end of the year. 4 5 Burke s Corr. vii 219. To Grenville 10 Sept J. C. D. Clark English Society Cambridge 1985 pp Ian R. Christie Stress and Stability in Late Eighteenth-Century Britain Oxford 1984 H. T. Dickinson Liberty and Property London 1977 pp J. A. W. Gunn Beyond Liberty and Property Kingston and Montreal 1983 pp and Thomas Philip Schofield Conservative Political Thought in Britain in Response to the French Revolution Historical Journal Gayle Trusdel Pendleton English Conservative Propaganda during the French Revolution unpublished Ph. D. thesis Emory University U. S. A pp and Gayle Trusdel Pendleton Towards a Bibliography of the Reflections and Rights of Man Controversy Bulletin of Research in the Humanities Susan Pedersen Hannah More Meets Simple Simon Tracts Chapbooks and Popular Culture in Late Eighteenth- Century England Journal of British Studies Robert Hole British Counter-Revolutionary Popular Propaganda in the 1790s in Britain and Revolutionary France Conflict Subversion and Propaganda ed. Colin Jones Exeter 1983 pp

6 H. T. Dickinson Popular Conservatism and Militant Loyalism in Britain and the French Revolution ed. H. T. Dickinson p. 110 Marilyn Butler Jane Austen and the War of Ideas Oxford 1975 pp Betty T. Bennett British War Poetry in the Age of Romanticism and Herbert M. Atherton The British Defend Their Constitution in Political Cartoons and Literature in Studies in Eighteenth Century Culture II ed. Harry C. Payne Madison Wisconsin 1982 pp Nancy Uhlar Murray The Influence of the French Revolution on the Church of England and Its Rivals unpublished D. Phil thesis Oxford University 1975 pp John Walsh Methodism at the End of the Eighteenth Century in A History of the Methodist Church in Great Britain eds. Rupert Davies and Gordon Rupp London 1965 i and Deryck Lovegrove English Evangelical Dissent and the European Conflict in Studies in Church History xx See for example A Serious Caution to the Poor London 1792 William Paley Reasons for Contentment Addressed to the Labouring Part of the British Public London 1793 Advice to Sundry Sorts of People by Job Nott London 1792 and A Few Plain Questions and a Little Honest Advice to the Working People of Great Britain London

7 IF PERSONS ARE REPRESENTED PROPERTY IS DESTROYED William Pitt Arthur Young The Example of France a Warning to Britain London 1793 p. 44 note. 2 Sir William Ashurst s Charge to the Grand Jury of Middlesex London 1792 A Few Plain Questions to the Working People of Scotland Edinburgh 1792 pp The Englishman s Catechism London 1792 and Thoughts on the New and Old Principles of Political Obedience London 1793 p Facts Reflections and Queries Submitted to the Consideration of the Associated Friends of the People Edinburgh 1792 p Susan Pedersen Hannah More Meets Simple Simon Tracts Chapbooks and Popular Culture in Late Eighteenth- Century England Journal of British Studies For loyalist activities see Robert R. Dozier For King Constitution and Country The English Loyalists and the French Revolution Lexington 1983 H. T. Dickinson Popular Conservatism and Militant Loyalism in Britain and the French Revolution ed. H. T. Dickinson pp and H. T. Dickinson Popular Loyalism in Britain in the 1790s in The Transformation of Political Culture England and Germany in the Late Eighteenth Century ed. Eckhart Hellmuth Oxford 1990 pp For a recent assessment of the extent of the government s repressive measures see Clive Emsley An Aspect of Pitt s Terror Prosecutions for Sedition during the 1790s Social History and Clive Emsley Repression Terror and the Rule of Law in England during the Decade of the French Revolution English Historical Review

8 William Cobbett The Parliamentary History of England xxix T. C. W. Blanning The Origins of the French Revolutionary Wars London 1986 pp and Michael Duffy British Policy in the War against Revolutionary France in Britain and Revolutionary France ed. Colin Jones pp William Cobbett The Parliamentary History of England xxx Gayle Trusdel Pendleton English Conservative Propaganda during the French Revolution pp and Nancy Uhlar Murray The Influence of the French Revolution on the Church of England and Its Rivals pp See for example The Alarm Being Britannia s Address to Her People London 1793 William Jones One Penny- Worth More London 1793 Ten Minutes Reflection on the Late Events in France London 1793 An Antidote against French Politics London 1793 Rev. Dr. Hawkes An Appeal to the People of England on the Subject of the French Revolution Bath 1794 George Hill Instructions Afforded by the Present War to the People of Great Britain and R. B. Nickolls The Duty of Supporting and Defending Our Country and Constitution York On the reaction to Napoleon s threat to Britain see The Warning Drum. The British Home Front Faces Napoleon eds. Frank J. Klingsberg and Sigurd B. Hustredt Los Angeles 1944 and Betty T. Bennett British War Poetry in the Age of Romanticism British Critic xii

9 Henry Dundas George Hill Instructions Afforded by the Present War to the People of Great Britain p William Vincent A Sermon... Preached before the Associated Volunteer Companies p Rev. William Agutter An Address to Every Subject on the Late Important Victories London 1798 p Thomas Hardy Fidelity to the British Constitution the Duty and Interest of the People Edinburgh 1794 pp British Library. Loan 57 /107. Dundas to Richmond 8 July Public Record Office. Foreign Office Papers. FO 72 /27. William Grenville to St. Helens 9 Aug The Letters of George Ⅲ ed. Bonamy Dobrée London 1935 p W. R. Fryer Republic or Restoration in France Manchester 1965 Harvey Mitchell The Underground War against Revolutionary France Oxford 1965 and Maurice Hutt Chouannerie and Counter-Revolution 2 vols. Cambridge Michael Duffy tish Policy in the War against Revolutionary France in Britain and Revolutionary France ed. Colin Jones pp

10 - William Wendham 瑏瑠瑏瑡瑏瑢 1 Gayle Trusdel Pendleton English Conservative Propaganda during the French Revolution pp Letters on a Regicide Peace Burke s Works v Burke s Corr. vii 437. To the Duke of Portland 29 Sept Ibid. vii To Loughborough 12 Jan A Letter to a Member of the National Assembly Burke s Works ii A Letter to a Member of the National Assembly Burke s Works ii 529 and Burke s Corr. vii 167. To the Abbe de La Bintinaye 3 Aug Burke s Corr. viii 104. To William Windham 30 Dec John Bowles The Real Grounds of the Present War with France 2nd. edn. London 1793 p. 21 and John Bowles The Dangers of a Premature Peace pp The Anti-Jacobin Review i July 瑏瑠 John Bowles Reflections at the Conclusion of the War p. 9. 瑏瑡 John Bowles Objections to the Continuance of the War Examined and Refuted 2nd edn. London 1794 pp 瑏瑢 Burke s Corr. vii 389. To the Comte de Mercy-Argenteau c. 6 Aug

11 Britain and the Ideological Crusade against the French Revolution H. T. Dickinson Abstract: The French Revolution of 1789 had a profound impact on British politics and political ideas. Although some radical writers in Britain sympathised with the French Revolution and hoped to see its principles spread to Britain, most British commentators joined in a massive propaganda campaign persuading the British people to reject French principles as dangerous to the British constitution, its traditional political and social institutions, religion, property, and public order. They maintained that French principles were a threat to order and stability, would destroy monarchy and aristocracy, would threaten private property and would result in anarchy, violence and terror. Once Britain was at war with France from February 1793 until 1802, conservative British propagandists persuaded a majority of men with political, social and economic influence within Britain to accept their condemnation of French principles and to support their demands for a war to restore the old political order in France. In exploring this subject, this article traces the arguments presented by able and influential conservative propagandists, led by the most famous of them, Edmund Burke. Key words: French Revolution, French war, Edmund Burke, propaganda, the press, social order 1 Ibid. vi To Richard Burke 5 Aug. and 26 Sept and to the Chevalier de La Bintinaye 2 Oct William Wickham Correspondence of William Wickham 2 vols. London 1870 ii 6. 45

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2015 3 Mar. 2015 2 Arab World Studies No.2 Margot Badran, Dual Liberation Feminism and Nationalism in Egypt 1870~1925, Spring, 1988, p.24. 77 ~ Jason Thompson, A History of Egypt: From Earliest Times to