第三章

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淦五陶
7 years ago
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2 Abstract As an important component of the modernization construction in China, the modernization issue of peasants and rural areas has gained much attention. In recent years, the issue of SanNong has been a research hotspot in our society. We cannot understand peasants well without understanding clan. Clan is an important organization in China s traditional rural society, it has played an important role in the moving of rural society and become the circle of peasants life-world along thousands of years. After the foundation of New China, for the reason that clan has been regarded as being feudatorial and behindhand, it has been severely shocked and disappeared in rural society. From 1980 on, with series of economic and political change in rural areas, clan activities flourished and clan returned to peasant s life. Facing this great social fact, people began to reconsider it, analyzising clan s revival and its influences on our society and the relationship between clan and modernization. How to understand the clan phenomena in the process of our country s modernization? It is not only a theoretic issue but also a practical one. As a decent group with long history, how clan changes and develops in the modern condition, which aspect has changed comparing with the traditional clan. What is the reason? How is its vitality? All the consideration of these questions composes the theme of this dissertation. For better description and study of survive state and vitality of present clan in rural areas, this dissertation chooses a Hakka s clan within a Weiwu, locating in Longnan County, Jiangxi Province, as a case study object, Weiwu is a unique architectural form of Hakka, within which live all the offspring from one ancestor. The author believes, the clan within the Weiwu had full configuration and profound clan tradition, so it is suitable as a survey object. This paper focuses on production and life, marriage and family, clan activities and country administration three aspects, employing phenomenological sociology and other theoretic tools, giving a description and analysis of everyday life of the clan s members, paying attention to the meaning of member s behavior, analyzising how the clan changes in the peasants everyday life from a microcosmic perspective. Thereby we study the change of the clan s construction and function to explain the issue of clan s vitality. Upon the analysis of fieldwork, this paper concludes that clan has been changed along the development of China s modernization, the clan nowadays is very different from that in the past either in construction or function. They are the reduction of configuration, weakening of clan s economic and political function, and strengthening of the social and cultural function. In the 2

3 process of the change, there are two trends, on one hand, with the development of social productivity, industrialization and citilization, clan has been greatly influenced and become weakened in some respects, such as the decline of patriarchy, the less control on the members of the clan power, the turning from father-son to husband-wife in family relationship, the casual attitude toward clan of some people. But on the other hand, on today s social and economic conditions, clan shows its strong adaptive ability to the changing situation, trying its best to exploit living space for surviving. At the same time, peasants needs and relying on clan, such as mutual help in production and dailylife, psychologically identity, follow of traditional custom, and drive of some interests, makes clan s influence on the everyday life of peasants everywhere, therefore, clan is still an important component in present peasants everyday life and has its rationality and strong vitality. Key Words: clan; Hakka; Weiwu; social transformation; vitality 2

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行政院國家科學委員會補助專題研究計畫成果報告 ( 水利與地方社會 ( 一 ): 以三七圳與社子溪流域為中心 ) 計畫類別 : 個別型計畫計畫編號 :NSC H 執行期

行政院國家科學委員會補助專題研究計畫成果報告 ( 水利與地方社會 ( 一 ): 以三七圳與社子溪流域為中心 ) 計畫類別 : 個別型計畫計畫編號 :NSC H 執行期行利流精類行年年行立參理臨倫劉金理年行政院國家科學委員會補助專題研究計畫成果報告 ( 水利與地方社會 ( 一 ): 以三七圳與社子溪流域為中心 ) 計畫類別 : 個別型計畫計畫編號 :NSC95-2411-H-008-001 執行期間 :95 年 08 月 01