Joseph Bosco De Groot Ahern, E.1973 Martin, K. G.197

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Joseph Bosco2003109-12 De Groot 1911 1986 1999103-109 1983 19661972197819801985 1978 19811989 1986 19881995199920002008 Ahern, E.1973 Martin, K. G.197"

嗣丙尤
7 years ago
Views:

2 Joseph Bosco De Groot Ahern, E.1973 Martin, K. G.1975 Seaman, G.1981 Kleinman, A Wen J.K bio-psycho-social factors

3 1 Emiko Ohnuki-Tierney

6 --- 6

7 somatization 2 (disease) (illness) -- disease 2 disease Oxford English Dictionary illness illness The quality or condition of being ill (in various senses) 1. Bad moral quality, condition, or character; wickedness, depravity; evil conduct; badness. 2. Unpleasantness, disagreeableness; troublesomeness; hurtfulness, noxiousness; badness. 3. Bad or unhealthy condition of the body (or, formerly, of some part of it); the condition of being ill ; disease, ailment, sickness, malady. Kleinman 1975 illness emic disease etic

Unpleasantness, disagreeableness; troublesomeness; hurtfulness, noxiousness; badness. 3.

8 8 disease entity illness Wen premises reductionism Cartesian dualism organic functional Engel1977,1980 biopsychosocial model

9 Wolf

10 Wolf1974 Feuchtwang (patrilineal decent) 5 () () Freedman, Wolf Hsu (Freedman Wolf Hsu ) Ahern ( ) 3. " " 10

1979296-312Wolf 1974168Hsu 1979527) Ahern1973

11 仼 San Blas Cuna Kung Bushmen Bella Coola Apache Alorese Nyansongo LugbrarTikopia Maurice Freedman1979 Arthur Wolf ( ) 11

12 ( ) ? 12

13 竉 13

14 Freedman Ahern Watson Freedman

15 胆 15

16 1993 Chang a

17 Transformation 堃 BC 1998

18 the Little Ice Age Chang

19 Spirit medium shaman 1978 shaman Eliade1972:23-4 Lewis2003 shaman bloody charm Mary Douglas ritual of hygiene illness disease 7 Hsu1983 Seaman Wen

20 徧偒

22 (11 ) 22

26 却

27 27% 36% 14% 18% 3% 2% (man to man relations) ( ) ( ) (nature to man relations) (between man and nature) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ()

28 (197873) ( ) () () (illness) (disease) ( ) Kleinman(1980) (explanatory model)

29 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (trance) ( ) ( ) ( ) Mary Douglas1973 Natural Symbols: Explorations in Cosmology group grip Douglas Emile Durkheim The Elementary Forms of the Religious life 29

31 Arthur Kleinman1980 (cultural construction of illness) Kleinman (illness) (explanatory model) Kleinman Kleinman % (rate of cure)50% 17%2 Kleinman mechanism labeled manipulated culturally transformed Emily Ahern1975 ( ) ( ) ( 31

32 32 14 Kleinman Kleinman Wen, G.. Seaman, 1981

34 34 15 ( ) ( ) 1. ( ) () () () () () () () () spirit medium trace possessed shaman

35 35 ( ) ( ) ( ) Receptor Agonism-Antagonism

36 ( ) ( ) ( ) W.H.R Rivers Rivers 36

38 38

39 1997 XIII 39

40 ( ) 40

41 18 diffused religion institutional religion 堃 spirit medium trace posessioned shaman 41

42 42 1 (natural worship) ( )

44 峯 3. ( )

46 ( ) James Laidlaw Maxwell, M.D, Dr. Patrick Manson, Medical Officer

47 47 庒絶堃

48 placebo effect ,400 14, web2.tainan.gov.tw

49 49

50 50

51 禀 51

52 (). () () ()

53 53??

54 (197 () () () 54

55 (198 ) 嬷 55

56 嬷 56

57 (). () () 57

58 嬷嬷 ( 58

59 Gary b one present-natureone past-supernature 1999b 1999b () () / / / genealogical authority Melford Spiro 59

60 23 dersires Spiro Spiro Need, Want, Desire Spiro 1966 Religion: Problems of Definition and Explanation.Pp

61 representation transforming

62 % % X

63 % 3, % % % % % 3, % ,003 63

64 accessibility 1983 placebo effect expectations Jerome 1960 眀 SARS, H5N1 64

65 b Darwin Spencer Durkheim collective representations 1 Causal 2 Functional Eliade Malinowski Spiro desire cognitive substantive expressive Levi-Strauss 65

66 Engel1977 bio-psycho-social model embodiment holistic 25 spiritual healing efficacy Astin 2000;132: EBMEvidence-Based Medicine statistically significant self-persuasion placebo effect 66

67 Feuchtwang 撵 Freud1928 Personification personal projective system Fortes

68 157 local culture 68

69 a

70 2005b a b

71 Arthur Kleiman Joseph Bosco

73 1986a b a b

74 堃

75 Feuchtwang, Stephan

76 Ahern, Emily The Cult of the Dead in a Chinese Village. Stanford University Press. Astin, John A., E. Harkness, and E. Ernst 2000 The Efficacy of Distant Healing : A Systematic Review of Randomized Trials. Annals of Internal Medicine.132: Boudon, Raymond. Translated by Malcolm Slater 1994 The Art of Self-persuasionThe social Explanation of False Beliefs. Polity Press 2001 The Origin of Values: Essays in the Sociology and Philosophy of Beliefs. Transaction Publishers Chang, K.C Art, Myth, and Ritual.. Massachusetts: Harvard University De Groot, J.J.M The Religious System of China, Kessinger Publishing. Eliade, Mircea Shamanism:Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy. Translated by Willard R.Trask. Engel, GL. Princeton University Press 1977 The need for a new medical model: a challenge for biomedicine. Science;196: The clinical application of the biopsychosocial model. American Journal of Psychiatry;137: Emiko Ohnuki-Tierney 1989 Healing and Restoring-Health Care in Contemporary Japanese Religions..p.64. In Lawrence E. Sullivan ed. Health and Medicine in the World s Religious Traditions. New York: MacMillan Publishing Company 2001 Popular Religion in China: The Imperial Metaphor. Richmond. Surrey: Curzon. Fortes, Meyer. 76

77 1959 Problem and Assumption in an Anthropological Study of Religion. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 89. Freedman, Maurice The Study of Chinese Society: Essays by Maurice Freedman. G. William Skinner. Stanford: Stanford University Press Freud, Sigmund The Future of an Illusion. London: Hogarth Press. Seaman, Gary In the Presence of Authority Hierarchical Roles in Chinese Spirit Medium Cults. In Arthur Kleinman and Tsung-yi Lin eds. Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Chinese Culture. Holland: D. Reidel Publishing Company. Hsu, Francis L.K Psychological Anthropology, Approaches to Culture and Personality. Homewood, IL: The Dorsey Press Clan,Caste and Club. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Rugged Individualism Reconsidered, Pp Tennessee: The University of Tennessee Press. Jerome, D. Frank Placebo Effect and the Role of Expectations in Persuasion and Healing. New York: Schocken. Kleinman, Arthur Patients and Healers in the Context of Culture. California: The University of California Press. Lewis, I.M Ecstatic Religion: A Study of Shamanism and Spirit Possession. London: Penguin Books Ecstatic Religion: A Study of Shamanism and Spirit Possession. third edition: Pp London: Routledge. Li, Yih-yuan Shamanism in Taiwan- An Anthropological Inquiry. In Culture-Bound 77

78 Syndromes, Ethnopsychiatry, and Alternate Therapies. William P. Lebra, ed. Pp Honolulu: University of Hawaii press Spiro, Meford E. and D Andrade Roy G Religion: Problem of definition and Explanation. In Anthropological Approaches to the Study of Religion. Michael Banton ed. Pp London: Tavistock. Tseng, W.S Psychiatric Study of Shamanism in Taiwan. Arch Gen Psyahiat; 26,561-5 Wen, J.K Folk Belief, Illness Behavior and Mental Health in Taiwan. Chang Gung Medical Journal 21(1): Wolf, Arthur P Religion and Ritual in Chinese Society. Stanford Stanford University press. 78

79 79

80 80

81 81

82 82

83 83

84 姙 84

85 85

86 , 27, 30, 37,3 8, 40 41, 42, 43, 45, 47, , 28, 51, 52, 58, , , , , 27, ,18,

87 A 1 1 2? 2 3?

88 ? ? 13 14? 14 15? ( 70 ) 16?

89 撵

90 B 1 1 3x

91 嬷嬷

穨台灣童乩的社會形象2.PDF

穨台灣童乩的社會形象2.PDF * 1 * Paul Katz 2002321 2002415 200277 1 (1994-2000.5) (2000 1918 1114 2 1091 3 1937 329 1941 578 4 1945 5 1970 6 1976 7 1982 8 ) 40-90 1951-1990 (2001)( ) 2 ( 1937) ( )1(1942) 90-102 3 ( 1992) 18 4 5