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蓉衷
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1 ( 11 y 1, G ) (U 2 ) (U 3 ) (U 1 ) (y 1 ) (y 2 ) (y 3 ) G Gij yi =, u j 11 G21,, G 23 1

2 y, G, ) ( 2 21 G22 Innovative Research, Original Research Innovation: (Webster) To introduce new methods, customs, devices, etc. ( Internationally referred high impact journals ( 25 Seminal Papers in Control 1. IEEE AC5 2. SIAM Jour. Of Control3 3. Automatica1 IEEE Trans. On Robotics High Citation Index Mainstream Area Cultural reflections 204 MU-MING POO China's economy is booming and yet its scientific output isn't. Muming Poo explains why. doi:.3/42204a Making an impact 206 RAY WU Compared with researchers in the United States, Chinese scientists publish far fewer highly cited papers. Ray Wu believes that this can change. doi:.3/42206a (a). M.M. Poo (U.C. Berkeley Neurobiology China s economy is booming and yet its scientific output isn t (b). R. Wu ( In 2000, the number of biologists, government funded labs and the total number of publications were similar in China and the United States. But the number of high impact papers published by scientists from China was less than 4% that of the U.S.. 2

On Robotics High Citation Index Mainstream Area Cultural reflections 204 MU-MING POO China's economy is booming and yet its scientific output isn't. Muming Poo explains why. doi:.

3 (c). IEEE Trans. on Robotics and Automation (leading journal in the field)

4 IEEE Trans on Automatic Control & Automatica Field: Institution Name Natl Univ Singapore Univ Illinois Univ Calif Santa Barbara Univ Melbourne Nanyang Technol Univ Univ Newcastle Chinese Acad Sci Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med Univ Virginia CNRS Chinese Univ Hong Kong Delft Univ Technol Tsing Hua Univ Technion Israel Inst Technol Univ Michigan Univ Calif Berkeley Royal Inst Technol Georgia Inst Technol Univ Siena Case Western Reserve Univ Univ Maryland City Univ Hong Kong Politecn Milan Record Count % of % 2. % 2.5 % 1. % 1. % 1. % 1.7 % 1.7 % 1.7 % 1.7 % 1.6 % 1.6 % 1.5 % 1.5 % 1.4 % 1.4 % 1.2 % 1.2 % 1.2 % 1.1 % 1.1 % 1.1 % 1.1 % Univ Toronto Seoul Natl Univ Tel Aviv Univ CALTECH Univ Alberta Univ Florence INRIA Eindhoven Univ Technol Polytech Univ Univ Calif Los Angeles Univ Catholique Louvain Univ Roma Tor Vergata MIT Australian Natl Univ Linkoping Univ Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol Politecn Turin Univ Padua Boston Univ Penn State Univ Univ Calif San Diego Univ Roma La Sapienza Univ Twente Yale Univ Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Ohio State Univ Univ Notre Dame % 1.1 % 1.1 % 1.0 % 1.0 % 1.0 % 0. % 0. % 0. % 0. % 0. % 0. % 0. % IEEE Trans on Automatic Control IEEE Trans on Robotics & Automation Field: Author Lin, W Shaked, U Jiang, ZP Lam, J Nesic, D Chen, J Lin, ZL Huang, J Soh, YC Ortega, R Wen, CY Xu, JX Teel, AR Angeli, D Cassandras, CG Georgiou, TT Hu, TS Krstic, M Mirkin, L Record Count % of % 0.5 % 0.5 % 0.5 % 0.5 % 0.5 % 0.5 % 0.5 % Field: Author Yoshikawa, T Luh, PB Kumar, V Laumond, JP Walker, ID Burdick, JW Hannaford, B Hutchinson, S Maciejewski, AA Nakamura, Y Salcudean, SE Shin, KG Xie, XL Zhou, MC Arai, T Borenstein, J Chaumette, F Goldenberg, AA Li, ZX ROTH, ZS Record Count % of % Schimmels, JM Zhuang, HQ 4

Technol Georgia Inst Technol Univ Siena Case Western Reserve Univ Univ Maryland City Univ Hong Kong Politecn Milan Record Count 56 55 50 3 37 35 34 34 34 33 31 31 30 2 2 27 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 % of

5 1 R. Wu 4 IF 2, IF , NSFC 2 M.M. Poo / ( ) Deference to authority and to existing paradigms is a major barrier to scientific breakthrough. A habit of raising question needs to be fostered. Challenges to existing evidence, hypothesis and concepts, however naïve, ought to be encouraged and seriously addressed. Critical scientific exchange is rarely seen, especially in public. Open and frank dialogue is urgently needed to make scientific conferences not just friendly gathering but intellectual events that stimulate ideas. the essential tension, T. Kuhn E. Boyer, Scholarship Reconsidered. The Carnegie Foundation Put less stress on evaluating what we have done and more on stimulating what we might do. Do less counting of our own and our colleagues publications and more thinking about what we do day-today which will never be published. Do less longing to arrive at the highest goal of academe and more about making whatever you are a livable and interesting and compassionate community 5

Critical scientific exchange is rarely seen, especially in public.

6 ( ) ( ) ( G ) 23 (a) M.M. Poo Despite the spectacular success of the genome projects, major breakthroughs have mostly originated in small laboratories pursuing their own research interests. (b). (c) 6

7 -- / / 7

8 G. Brown (107-16) MIT (152-15), (15-16) MIT Servo-LabAPT MIT : P. Elias, T. Gray, K. Wildes, M. Gardener, C. Tucker, G. Brown, J. Wiesner. G. BrownThe Brown Report) 1. Science dominates engineering. The modern engineers should be educated as a scientist (,, ) 2. Laboratory instruction will coordinate closely with classroom instruction as an integral part of the subject MIT Bush(10-174), MIT NDRC Hazen(101-10),Bush BrownMIT Wiener(14-164) MIT Engineering can proceed no faster than the mathematical analysis on which it is based (Bush and Hazen, 127) -- BrownMIT -- 14MIT

Laboratory instruction will coordinate closely with classroom instruction as an integral part of the subject MIT Bush(10-174), MIT NDRC

9 (EECS) Zadeh Desoer Kuh Pederson 34 5 IEEE Medal of Honor: 3 National Medal of Science: ( )

10 : 4.2 : 30 A. (5): B. (6 ): (3-0-3) (3-0-3) (3-0-3) (3-0- 3) (3-0-3)(3-0-3)(3-0-3) C. (6 12): (3-1-3),(3-1-3), (3-1-3), (3-0-3), (3-1-3), D. (6 12): (2-1-2), (2-1-2), (1-1-1), (1-1-1), (3-1-3), (3-1-3), E. : (2-1-1)(2-1-1) (2-0-2) F. (1):

11 5 5.1 : 5.2 : 5.3 : 5.4 : : A. 30 B C A B

12 12 / / / / / / 5.6 / / / / / /

13 The Essential Tension, T. Kuhn Publish or Perish My biggest desire to do research is to win the grudging respect of a few friends, (F. John, ) 1 -- / %40%40%. Maxmin -- Tenure Track System 3 /

14 , IEEE (03) B (04) (2), Menton Endowed Professor (-04) Voorhies Distinguished Professor( 04-), (04) 14

15 PhD, Electrical Engineering, University of Toronto, 11 MASc, Electrical Engineering, University of Toronto, 1 BEng, Automation and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University (Beijing), 14 Alberta

16 Case Western Reserve Univ. Louisiana State Univ. U.C. Berkeley M ASM Emerson M 16

(CIP) /. :, 2005 ISBN 7-80207 - 301-4......... -. C913. 3 CI P (2005) 043003 : 8 11 : ( 010 ) 51915602 : 100038 : : : : : : 850mm 1168mm/ 32 10.5 252

(CIP) /. :, 2005 ISBN 7-80207 - 301-4......... -. C913. 3 CI P (2005) 043003 : 8 11 : ( 010 ) 51915602 : 100038 : : : : : : 850mm 1168mm/ 32 10.5 252 2005 6 1 2005 6 1 : 1 11000 : 18.00 : ISBN 7-80207