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丑睛诸
7 years ago
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1 DOH91-DC-1062 HIV

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3 HIV AIDS HIV 3

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5 Abstract Over the years, the number of people infected with HIV has continued to increase in Taiwan. Other than encouraging them to early and regularly seeking health care, preventing the spread of the illness shall be the top priority HIV related health care issues. Previous research in the literature has showed that people continue to engage in high risk behaviors even after being diagnosed with HIV infection. It not only endangers the individuals but also make the spread of the illness a health care hazard. Therefore, it is critical to enhance people s capabilities to practice safe sex in prevention of the spread of the illness. The focus of this study is to conduct a qualitative research to understand the facilitating and inhibiting factors related the safe sex practice of people infected with HIV. The results of the study will enhance health care professionals understanding of the related factors of safe sex practice of people infected with HIV. Future efforts can focus on developing interventions to increase the safe care practice of people with HIV. 5

Previous research in the literature has showed that people continue to engage in high risk behaviors even after being diagnosed with HIV infection.

6 Key word:people infected with HIV safe sex practiceillness prevention 6

7 HIV Wolitski et al. (1998) 16% HIV Green, 1994; Norman, Kennedy, & Parish, 1998; Perry, Card, Mofarrt, & Ashman, 1994; Stempel, Moulton, & Moss, 1995Wolitski, Rietmeijer, Goldbaum, & Wilson, 1998 Schnell et al. (1992) 89% Wolitski et al. (1998) 88.7% 34% 69% %18% (Marks et al., 1991) Marks et al. (1994) 55% HIV HIV 7

Mofarrt, & Ashman, 1994; Stempel, Moulton, & Moss, 1995Wolitski, Rietmeijer,

8 Holt et al., 1998 Niccolai et al. (1999) HIV HIV Dawson et al., 1994; Kippax et al., 1997; Marks, 1994 Higgins et al., 1991; Green, 1994; 1995; Marks et al., 1994; Remien, Carsat to-dieguez, & Wagner, 1995, Wolitski, MacGowan, Higgins, & Jorgensen, 1997 HIV Green, 1994; 1995; Remien et al., % HIV 8

9 Avants, Warburton, Hawkins, & Marqolin, 2000 Hays, Kegeles, Coates, 1997; Hays et al., 1997; Molitor, Facer, & Ruiz, 1999 HIV HIV 17%HIV unprotective sex Vanable, Ostrow, Mckirnan, Taywaditep, & Hope,

10 Hays et al., 1997; Molitor, Facer, & Ruiz, 1999; Sherman & Kirton, 1999 HIV Molitor, Facer, & Ruiz, 1999 HIV Dolezal et al,1999; Posner & Marks, 1996 Kimberly Serovich1999 Prestage et al.(2001) Negotiated safety 10

11 HIV Yoshioka & Schustack (2001) HIV 11

12 HIV-nagitive VanDevanter et al., 1999 HIV Remien, 1995 Powell-Cope, 1995 HIV Remien, 1995 Powell-Cope, 1995 VanDevanter et al., 1999Remien,

13 Remien, 1995 Prestage et al, 2001 HIV-nagitive Hoffman & Cohen,

14 Phenomenology Husserl open question in-depth interview Patton, 1990 open coding 26 14

15 26 11 HIV 11 HIV 26 15

17 HIV AIDS 17

18 HIV HIV HIV 18

19 (21_P04_L03) 18_P02_L04 HIV 18_P10_L05 20_P12_L6 19

20 25_P05_L15 14_P18_L12 HIV 21_P10_L14 20

21 14_P21_L02 11_P07_L06 20_P16_L18 21

22 20_P12_L22 11_P07_L12 06_P03_L20 21_P10_L12 25_P05_L22 come out 22

23 OK 25_P06_L07 23_P06_L12 HIV 21_P19_L21 HIV 11_P06_L15 23

24 HIV 23_P10_L16 14_P07_L14 touch touch OK 14_P09_L01 25_P09_L07 24

25 21_P8_L13 25_P10_L17 11_P06_L01 20_P18_L11 25

26 25_P10_L04 21_P02_L07 06_P03_L26 23_P06_L13 14_P21_L20 26

27 06_P12_L14 21_P13_L19 25_P17_L15 27

28 18_P02_L10 23_P08_L21 (01_P23_L01) (18_P07_L10) 18_P20_L20 28

29 18_P4_L22 05_P03_L01 11_P25_L11 29

30 21_P15_L05 05_P08_L06 21_P12_L07 23_P08_L08 30

31 enjoyable 06_P17_L24 21_P09_L06 05_P04_L12 31

32 HIV 21_P02_L19 18_P09_L16 32

33 HIV 02_P1_L4 21_P02_L15 20_P20_L06 21_P7_L23 06_P15_L1 25_P11_L03 33

34 21_P7_L16 25_P12_L9 34

35 23_P01_L14 23_P08_L14 05_P11_L25 21_P06_L15 HIV 35

36 18_P20_L18 HIV OK 02_P11_L23 02_P15_L1 01_P4_L _P05_L07 1,0 6,9 11_P22_L19 36

37 KY 1,0 14_P07_L11 05_P06_L26 14_P09_L16 37

38 20_P08_L19 02_P06_L19 20_P6_L07 38

39 14_P15_L6 02_P4_L16 14_P11_L23 HIV Prestage et al.(2001) HIV 39

40 HIV Dawsonet al., 1994; Kippax et al., 1997; Marks,

41 Prestage et al.,

42 HIV Remien

43 HIV HIV 43

44 HIV HIV % HIV 44

45 HIV Avants, S. K., Warburton, L. A., Hawkins, K. A., Margolin, A. (2000). Continuation of high-risk behavior by HIV-positive drug users: Treatment implications. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 19(1), Dawson, J. M., Fitzpatrick, R. M., Reeves, G., Boulton, M., McLean, J., Hart, G. J., & Brooke, S. M. (1994). Awareness of sexual partners HIV status as an influence upon high-risk sexual behaviour among gay men. AIDS, 8, Dolezal, C., Meyer-Bahlburg, H. F., Liu, X., Ehrhardt, A. A., Exer, T. M., Rabkin, J. G., Gorman, J. M., Marder, K., & Stern, Y. (1999). Longitudinal changes in sexual risk factor among HIV+ and HIV- male injecting drug users. American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse, 25(2), Green, G. (1994). Positive sex: Sexual relationships following an HIV-positive diagnosis. In P. Aggleton, P. Davies, & G. Hart (Eds.), AIDS: foundations for the future (pp ). London: Taylor and Francis. Green, G. (1995). Attitudes towards people with HIV: Are they as stigmatizing as people with HIV perceive them to be? Social Science & Medicine, 41 (4), Hays, R. B., Kegeles, S. M., & Coates, T. J. (1997). Unprotected sex and HIV risk taking among young gay men within boyfriend relationships. AIDS Education & Prevention, 9(4),

46 Hays, R. B., Paul, J. Ekstrand, M., Kegeles, S. M., Stall, R., Coates, T. J. (1997). Actual versus perceived HIV status, sexual behaviors and predictors of unprotected sex among young gay and bisexual men who identify as HIV-positive and untested. AIDS, 11(12), Higgins, D. L., Galavotti, D., O Reilly, K. R., Schnell, D. J., Moore, M., Rugg, D. L., & Johnson, R. (1991). Evidence for the effects of HIV antibody testing on risk behaviors. Journal of the American Medical Association, 266, Hoffman, V., & Cohen, D. (1999). A night with Venus: partner assessments and high-risk sexual encounters. AIDS Care, 11(5), Holt, R., Court, R., Vedhara, K., & Nott, K. H. (1998). The role of disclosure in coping with HIV infection. AIDS Care, 10 (1), Kippax, S., Noble, J., Prestage, G., Crawford, J. M., Campbell, D., Baxter, D., & Cooper, D. (1997). Sexual negotiation in the AIDS era: Negotiated safety revisited. AIDS, 11 (2), Marks, G., Richardson, J. L., & Maldonado, N. (1991). Self- disclisure of HIV infection on to sexual partners. American Journal of public Health, 81, Marks, G., Ruiz, M. S., Richardson, J. L., Reed, D., Mason, H. R., Sotelo, M., & Turner, P. A. (1994). Anal intercourse and disclosure of HIV infection among seropositive gay and bisexual men. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 7, Molitor, F., Facer, M., & Ruiz, J. D. (1999). Safer sex communication and unsafe sexual behavior among young men who have sex with en in California. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 28(4), Norman, L. R., Kennedy, M., & Parish, K. (1998). Close relationships and safer sex among HIV-infected men with haemophilia. AIDS Care, 10, Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research method. Newbury Park: Sage. Perry, S. W., Card, C. A. L., Mofarrt, M., & Ashman, T. (1994). Self-disclosure of HIV 46

47 infection to sexual partners after repeated counselling. AIDS Education and Prevention, 6, Prestage, G., VandeVen, P., Grulich, A., Kippax, S., McInnes, D., & Hendry, O. (2001). Gay men s casual sex encounters: discussing HIV and using condoms. AIDS Care, 13(3), Posner, S. F., & Marks, G. (1996). Prevalence of high-risk sex among HIV-positive gay and bisexual men: A longitudinal analysis. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 12(6), Powell-Cope, G. M. (1995). The experiences of gay couples affected by HIV infection. Qualitative Health Research, 5(1), Remien, R. H., Carsat to-dieguez, A., & Wagner, G. (1995). Intimacy and sexual risk behavior in serodiscordant male couples. AIDS Care, 7, Sherman,D.W.,&Kirton,C.A.(1999).The experience of relapse to unsafe sexual behavior among HIV-positive,heterosexual,minority men.applied Nursing Research,12(2), Stempel, R. R., Moulton, J. M., & Moss, A. R. (1995). Self-disclosure of HIV-1 antibody test results: The San Francisco General Hospital Cohort. AIDS Education and Prevention, 7, Vanable, P. A., Ostrow, D. G., McKirnan, D. J., Taywaditep, K. J., & Hope, B. A. (2000). Impact of combination therapies on HIV risk perceptions and sexual risk among HIV-positive and HIV-negative gay and bisexual men. Health Psychology, 19(2), VanDevanter, N., Thacker, A. S., Bass, G., & Arnold, M. (1999). Heterosexual couples confronting the challenges of HIV infection. AIDS Care, 11(2), Wolitski, R. J., MacGowan, R. J., Higgins, D. L., & Jorgensen, C. M. (1997). The effects of HIV counseling and testing on risk-related practices and help-seeking behavior. AIDS Education & Prevention, 9 (3),

48 Wolitski, R. J., Rietmeijer, C. A. M., Goldbaum, G. M., & Wilson, R. M. (1998). HIV serostatus disclosure among gay and bisexual men in four American cities: General patterns and relation to sexual practices. AIDS Care, 10 (5),

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