Zhenfang Wu Professor 1

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3 育种 breeding 制种 Hybird production 配方 formul a 采购生产 Purchase and manufacture 养殖 raise 疾病防控 Disease control and prevention 繁殖 multiply 环境 environment 信息 information 人 / 财 / 物 People/finan ce/ property 3

4 庞大的产业 Huge industry 庞大的工程 Huge project 养猪产业如何做的好? How to build a good pig industry? 2012 年畜牧业产品产值图 Animal husbandry products value chart in 2012 养猪业产值占畜牧业产值约 51% Swine production account for ~50% of total animal husbandry economy. 占农业总产值 18% 18% of total agricultural economy Unit: billion 出路在于 --- 专业化 Specialization Solutions 组织化程度 Degree of Organization ( 数据来源 : 中国农业统计年鉴,2012) (Statistic resource: China agricultural statistics yearbook,2012) Rice Wheat Corn Cotton Bean Pork Poultry Beef Mutton egg Milk 4

5 在美国, 谁养猪? Who raise pigs in US? 家养猪场 pig farms 3300 家 ( 占 4.8%), 存栏 5000 头猪场, 占肉猪养殖量的 62% 3300(4.8%), inventory 5000 accounts for 62% of total production 家 ( 占 71.3%), 存栏 100 头猪场, 占 0.8% 48700(71.3%), inventory 100, 0.8% of total 数据来源 :USDA-NASS

6 在美国, 谁养猪? Who raise pigs in US 美国养猪场数量变化 Numbers of US pig farms change over year 年份 (year ) 猪场数 ( 万 ) Numbers of farms (10,000) 存栏数 ( 头 ) Inventory (head) 1988 年数据来源 :USDA-NASS 2012 年

7 在美国, 谁养猪? Who raise pigs in US Proportions of pigs in pen % US China Proportions of pigs in pen of different size farms between China and US in 2009

8 在美国, 谁养猪? Who raise pigs in US 分工专业化 : 种猪 Genetic 猪苗场 Piglet farm 育肥场 Fattening farm 饲料 Feed 合同制生产 Contract production 四个不同单元Specialization Four units 猪苗 Piglet 育肥 Fatten 种猪 Genetic 高度的专业化, 产品结构简单 High degree of specialization, simple product structure 饲料 Feed

9 在美国, 谁养猪? Who raise pigs in US 专业化 : SPECILAIZATION: 甚至 : 祖代种猪 - 委托生产 Progenitor pigsub-contract production 养殖技术 --- 托管在美国, 如何养猪? How toraise pigs in US? 组织形式 : ORGANIZATION: 规模化大公司 Large-scale company 合作组织 corporative organization Production techniquetrusteeship management 高度的专业化, 组织化程度高 High degree of specialization and organization

10 在中国, 如何养猪? How to Rise pigs in China? 种猪 Genetic 专业化 Specialization: 饲料 Feed 种猪 Genetic 一体化生产integration production 猪苗 Piglet 饲料 Feed 猪苗场 Commodity pig farm 育肥 Fatten 育肥场 Fattening farm 自我配套生产 Self-specialized supportive production 自我配套, 产品结构复杂 Self-specialized supportive production, Complex product structure

11 养猪业总体水平比较情况 :Overall comparison US vs China 比较项 item 美国 USA 中国 China 效率比较 efficiency comparison 存栏母猪 ( 万头 ) Sows iventory (10,000 head) 出栏肉猪 ( 万头 ) Hog (10,000 head) 上市肉猪 / 母猪 ( 头 ) Marketed pig/sows(head) % 胴体重 / 头 (kg) Carcass weight/ head(kg) % 产肉能力 / 母猪 ( 头 ) Meat production capacity/sows(head) % 数据来源 :USDA-NASS, 中国畜牧业信息网每头母猪产肉效率, 中国是美国的 63% In terms of meat production efficiency per sow, China is America's 63% 专业化和组织化程度是生产效率差别的根本原因! The key reason is degree of specialization and organization.

Top 20 pigs company accounted for 60% 2010 年前 20 名养猪公司占 60% PPH 排名 Rank 美国养猪企业 American pig company 母猪数量 #

192,000 5 Prestage Farms 165,000 6 Iowa Select Farms 160,000 7 The Pipestone System 140,000 8 Cargill 123,431 9

Tyson Foods 52,000 14 Progressive Swine Technologies 50,000 15 Hatfield Quality Meats 45,900 16 Wakefield Pork

12 Top 20 pigs company accounted for 60% 2010 年前 20 名养猪公司占 60% PPH 排名 Rank 美国养猪企业 American pig company 母猪数量 # Sows 1 Smithfield Foods (US only) 837,951 2 Triumph Foods 377,000 3 Seaboard Foods 213,600 4 The Maschhoffs 192,000 5 Prestage Farms 165,000 6 Iowa Select Farms 160,000 7 The Pipestone System 140,000 8 Cargill 123,431 9 The Carthage System 92, AMVC Management Services 82, Maxwell foods 69, Hormel Foods 54, Tyson Foods 52, Progressive Swine Technologies 50, Hatfield Quality Meats 45, Wakefield Pork 42, Texas Farms 42, Holden Farms 40, TriOak Foods 35, Schwartz Farms 30,000 合计 : 2,844,282 Total

13 单位 unit: 万头 (10,000 head) % 数据来自傅衍教授 Source: Dr Fu yan

14 6 to 8 famous foreign swine breeding companies account for more than 70% of the local market share

先进养猪国家 Advanced country 专门化的商品猪生产 S p e c i a l i z e d c o m m e r c i a l production

breeding and production 分工合作机制健全 Specialization with systematic operation 国内养猪企业 China

---- 1000 sows pig farm has own breeder line 专业化种猪育种企业发展滞后 Slow development of

15 先进养猪国家 Advanced country 专门化的商品猪生产 S p e c i a l i z e d c o m m e r c i a l production --<2.5 万头母猪, 不生产种猪 < 25,000 sows, no breeding business 专门化种猪育种与生产 Specialized swine breeding and production 分工合作机制健全 Specialization with systematic operation 国内养猪企业 China 小而全, 追求自我配套 Small but comprehensive, self specialized support 头母猪企业, 就有种猪生产 sows pig farm has own breeder line 专业化种猪育种企业发展滞后 Slow development of Specialized swine breeding and production 专业分工合作机制不健全 Lack of specialization and systimatic management

17 养猪产业发展 The development of swine industry 必choice 然选择inevitable 种猪专门化品系选育 specialized breeding line selection 肉猪配套系杂交生产 Develop crossbreed commercial lines Reality

种猪综合选育 Integrated swine breeding 综合选择 : 既要考虑育种群体规模的需要, 也要考虑种猪产品得到充分利用选育方案需兼顾父本和母本的性能指标 Integrated selection: Not only consider the size of breeding herd, but also full utilization of genetics.

18 种猪综合选育 Integrated swine breeding 综合选择 : 既要考虑育种群体规模的需要, 也要考虑种猪产品得到充分利用选育方案需兼顾父本和母本的性能指标 Integrated selection: Not only consider the size of breeding herd, but also full utilization of genetics. Breeding program needs to take into account both sire and dam performance indicators. 种猪专业化品系选育 Specialized breeding line selection 专门化品系选育 : 按用途有多个专门化品系, 育种目标集中而明确, 分为不同父系和不同母系来差别化选育, 相互之间按特定方式配套 Specialized line breeding: many specialized lines according to breeding goals, with clear breeding target; select based on different sire and dam lines with specific ways to establish breeding lines. 如在繁育体系中均会被作为第一父本或第一母本应用的长白和大白种猪, 选性状一般为 5 个, 包括生长速度瘦肉率产仔数料肉比和体型 e.g., Large white and Landrace as the first sire and dam in breeding, traits selection normally includes growth rate, leanness, litter size, feed conversion ratio and body shape. 如作为第一父本的长白猪主选性状可确定为料肉比产活仔数和体型, 作为第一母本的大白猪主选性状可确定为 2 个, 即产活仔数和生长速度 e.g., as the first sire, Landrace s main selection traits should be feed conversion ratio, body shape and live born; As the first dam, Large white should be live born and growth performance.

4:1, live born:10 依据 : 遗传进展公式 Genetic progress fomula ontegrated selection specialized line breeding 性状 values 生长速度 Growth rate 料肉比 FCR 瘦肉率 Leanness

19 背景 : 相同的育种群规模和选育周期, 按基础群性能相同计算 Background: the same breeding herd size and cycle, calculating assuming the base herds perform the same ( 基础群 500 头, 日增重 800g, 瘦肉率 62%, 料肉比 2.4:1, 产活仔数 10 头 ) Base herd:500 head, ADG:800g. Leanness: 62%, FCR:2.4:1, live born:10 依据 : 遗传进展公式 Genetic progress fomula ontegrated selection specialized line breeding 性状 values 生长速度 Growth rate 料肉比 FCR 瘦肉率 Leanness 产活仔数 Live Born 综合选择 Integrated selection 预测年遗传改进量专门化品系 specialized line breeding 二者比较 (%) Comparison % % % % 年度选育遗传进展比较 Annual genetic progress comparison

背景 : 相同的育种群规模和选育周期, 按基础群性能相同计算 Background: the same breeding herd size and cycle, calculating assuming the base herds perform the same ( 日增重 800g, 瘦肉率 62, 料肉比 2.

20 背景 : 相同的育种群规模和选育周期, 按基础群性能相同计算 Background: the same breeding herd size and cycle, calculating assuming the base herds perform the same ( 日增重 800g, 瘦肉率 62, 料肉比 2.4:1, 产活仔数 10 头, 每头仔猪分娩成本 240 元 ) (ADG:800g. Leanness: 62%, FCR:2.4:1, live born:10, farowing cost/piglet:240 RMB 10 年选育取得的育种效益比较 ( 仅比较产仔数改良 ) Comparative analysis of breeding returns in ten years breeding progress (only compare litter size) 指标 indicator 预期效益改进量 Anticipated profit improvement 综合选择专门化品系 Integrated Specialization lines selection 二者改良效果比较 comparison (%) 产活仔数 live born % 每头仔猪分娩成本 farrowing cost/piglet 每头肉猪节约成本 Cost saving/ pig % %

22 600 头 66 头 X 20 头母猪 20 sows X 更新需求 Replacement requirement 1650 头更新需求 Replacement requirement

23 33 头更新需求 Replacement requirement X 820 头

24 从种猪育种专业化的遗传进展分析, 育种效益分析和必要性分析看出 : It indicates based on the analysis of specialized genetic breeding progress, breeding return, and necessity that: 种猪育种专业化 specialized swine breeding: 保障良好遗传改良效果 guarantees favorable genetic modification outputs 也是产业发展内在要求 is the requirement for swine industry development

25 效率 efficiency 规模化 Large-scale 专业化 specialization 饲料 feed 种猪 breeder 技术 technique 管理 management 市场 market

It s inevitable to joint upstream with downstream

26 我国养猪产业发展 The development of swine industry in China 养猪生产 Swine production 肉猪屠宰 Slaughter 产业链上下游的联合是必然 It s inevitable to joint upstream with downstream in swine industry 肉品加工 Meat processing 肉品零售 Meat retail

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28 Weaned pig 断奶仔猪单位 : 亿头 Unit: 100 million head Pig crop 出栏肉猪 2010 年 2020 年

29 育种 breeding 纯种繁殖 Pure multiplication 杂交制种 Crossbreed hybred 商品猪生产 Commercial hog production 目前种猪产值约亿元, 其中商品化约一半 Pig breeding industry value is around billion RMB currently, half of it is in commercialization.

母猪引种 ( 元 ) Gilt introduction (RMB) 养猪过程中的主要成本构成 Main cost components of pig production 精液 ( 元 ) Sperm (RMB) 种猪饲养 ( 万元 ) Raising breeding pigs (10,000RMB) 肉猪饲养 ( 万元 ) Commercial hog raising

30 母猪引种 ( 元 ) Gilt introduction (RMB) 养猪过程中的主要成本构成 Main cost components of pig production 精液 ( 元 ) Sperm (RMB) 种猪饲养 ( 万元 ) Raising breeding pigs (10,000RMB) 肉猪饲养 ( 万元 ) Commercial hog raising (10,000RMB) 产值 ( 万元 ) Value (10,000RMB) *2* 种猪 ( 含精液 ) 成本占产值的 2% 左右 Breeder (including semen) about 2% of the production cost 种猪质量差别 Breeder quality difference 料肉比下降 0.05:1 FCR decrease 0.05:1 产仔增加 0.5 头 / 胎 Little size increase 0.5/litter 备注 : 父母代母猪按产 6 胎淘汰, 每胎上市肉猪 9 头计 Note: parents generation culled at parity 6, each parity supplies 9 hogs to market 价值体现 Value 节约饲料成本 810 元 Feed cost saveing 810RMB 节约分娩成本 780 Farrowing cost saveing 780RMB

31 终端种猪 Terminal breeding pigs 核心群 Nucleus population 纯种扩繁群 Purebred multiplication 杂交制种群 Crossbreed production 商品肉猪生产 Commercial hog production 祖代种猪 GGP 种猪市场需求变化 Demand change in breeder market 育种群人工授精直接传递, 加快遗传进展 AI can transfer breeder performance directly, which accelerate the genetic development 公猪管理和利用技术提高, 公猪需求量减少 The demand of boar decrease, since boar management and utilization of boar advanced 存栏母猪下降, 淘汰率上升, 母猪总体需求变化不大 Sows inventory decrease, cull rate increase, total sows demand little change 父母代母猪存栏约为 3300 万头, 下降 30%! The number of sire and dam inventory are around 33 million, decreasing by 30%

32 我国种猪能繁母猪存栏及种猪场数量 Breeding sows inventory and number of breeding farms in China Mating sows in pen Numbers of breeding farms 数据来源 : 中国畜牧业协会近 10 年, 种猪场能繁母猪存栏增加 4 倍, 种猪场增加 2.5 倍 Breeding sows inventory increase 4 times, and number of breeding farms increase 2.5 times in recent 10 years

33 明确自己的主业和专长 Understand own business and specialty 建立效益效率最大化的经营方式 Establish operation mode for max. profit and efficincy 以市场和商业化为基础的专业分工与合作模式 Market oriented, specialization and cooperation modelmode 人财物条件 People, finance and property 搞育种不是养猪高水平的代名词, 养猪或育种效果好才说明成绩 Breeding is not synonymous of high level pig production. Good production and breeding results are the keys. 原种纯种杂交母猪终端父本肉猪生产环节中结合哪些? Seed, purebred, hybred female, end-use sire, which to use in hog production? 美国头以下母猪养猪公司, 不从事种猪生产 In the US, producers with > 25K sows do not produce breeding pigs. 合作伙伴 partners 分工明确 defined tasks 良好信用 Good credit

34 1 小规模种猪场发展模式 1 Small-scale breeder farm development model 种猪公司 Breeding company 商品猪场 Commercial farm 育种体系 : 开展部分品种 ( 系 ) 的选育, 本身没有完善的育种体系, 但可以与其它种猪公司合作, 建立相互依存的育种体系 Breeding system: Develop some genetic line selection, no established breeding system, but collaborate other breeders to set up inter-dependent breeding system 产业发展 : 种猪公司 --- 以种猪生产为主, 兼顾选育工作养猪场 --- 从事肉猪养殖, 多小型养殖场 Industry development: Breeding company --- primarily for breeding production, some selection work Producers---Hog production, mostly small-scale farm

2 专业化分工和合作的发展模式 2 Specialization and collaboration model 大型专业育种公司 Large breeding company 种猪生产公司 Genetic production company 专业养猪公司 Specialized producers 育种体系 : 适应不同市场的多品系, 配套系育种, 效率最大化 Breeding

35 2 专业化分工和合作的发展模式 2 Specialization and collaboration model 大型专业育种公司 Large breeding company 种猪生产公司 Genetic production company 专业养猪公司 Specialized producers 育种体系 : 适应不同市场的多品系, 配套系育种, 效率最大化 Breeding system: multiple genetic lines and breeding lines tailoring market needs and maximization efficiency 产业发展 : 育种公司 --- 专业化育种和纯种繁殖, 品种定制 Industry development: breeding company:---professional breeding and purebred multiplication, customer-ordered lines 种猪生产公司 --- 与育种公司合作, 生产和推广终端种猪 Breeding production company in collaboration with breeders to produce and promote end-use breeding pigs. 养猪公司 --- 主要生产肉猪, 大型企业自我配套终端种猪生产 Producers: hog production mainly, large operation have breeding program to produce end-use breeding herd

36 professional breeding corporation

38 吴珍芳 Zhenfang Wu 主任 National hog breeding engineering technology research center chairman 教授 / 博导 South China Agricultural University professor wzf @163.com

Microsoft PowerPoint - NCBA_Cattlemens_College_Darrh_B

Microsoft PowerPoint - NCBA_Cattlemens_College_Darrh_B Introduction to Genetics Darrh Bullock University of Kentucky The Model Trait = Genetics + Environment Genetics Additive Predictable effects that get passed from generation to generation Non-Additive Primarily