194 54,,, (, 1995) ( ) 35 N, ( ) 2, 7130 (, 1989), 5110 (, 1983) ( ) N,, (32 10 N ) ; (29 30 N ) 2131 (, 1985), 3129 (, 1991), 1172 (, 1983), 11

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1 A CTA GEO GRA PH ICA S IN ICA V o l. 54, N o. 3 M ay, 1999 Ξ (, ),,, 3 4, 4, N,,, [1 ] [2 ] N [3, 4 ] ; N, 40 N [5 ] ;, N, 37 N [6, 7 ] 189 (TL K2A r ), 6 4 (N 2) (Q 1 2 ) (Q 2 1 ) (Q 3 1 ) (Q 3 2 ),, 3, ( ),, ( ) ( ), 92 ( ),, 7132, , , (N 2) ( ) N ( 1), 2 ( N ) ; (41 40 N ) ;, 813 (, 1982) Ξ, (Suppo rted by N atural Science Foundation of Guangdong P rovince N o ) : ; :

2 194 54,,, (, 1995) ( ) 35 N, ( ) 2, 7130 (, 1989), 5110 (, 1983) ( ) N,, (32 10 N ) ; (29 30 N ) 2131 (, 1985), 3129 (, 1991), 1172 (, 1983), A 1 K1 2 1 (N 2) F ig11 T he natural zones during P liocene

3 3 : [8 ] ;, 1177 (, 1983), 3155 (, 1991), 1190 (, 1987), 1185 (, 1983), 1181 (, 1987) ; (, 1964), 1175, 1129 (, 1983) [9 ] ; ; ;,,, ;,,,, 14,, [3 ] 1,,,, [9 ] 2 (Q 1 2 ) 46 N ( 2), (45 40 N ) ; [9 ] ; (, 1982) ; (, 1992) N, (41 N ) ; (42 20 N ) (, 1984) ; 14 [3 ] ; R ; ; [9 ] ; N, (32 10 N ) ; 2 (29 30 N ) ; (29 30 N ) [3 ] (, 1985) ; ; ; ( ) ( ) ( ) [8 ] ; [10 ] ;,, (, 1983),,,, [9 ] (35 40 N ) ( M a BP) (, 1985), [6 ] ( M abp), [11 ], ( ), ( )

4 196 54, [2 ] (34 40 N ),, (, 1980) (, 1977),, [11 ], ;,, 23 N [10 ] (Q 1 2 ) F ig12 T he natural zones during interglacial period of early P leistocene 3 (Q 2 1 ) N ( 3), (45 N ) ;

5 3 : 197 (41 20 N ) (, 1987) ; ; [3 ] ; [3 ] S5, [12 ] ;, [13 ] ; [9 ] ;,, , (, 1994) ; ; [3 ] N, 3 [3 ] ; (Q 2 1 ) F ig13 T he natural zones during interglacial period of m iddle P leistocene

6 (33 N ) ; (32 10 N ) ; ; 6117 (, 1977) ; ; ; (, 1983),, [3 ] ; (, 1984) ;, 7137, N, (, 1965) ; (, 1994) ; , (, 1985) (, 1985) ; [3 ] ; (, 1993) ; (, 1980) ; ( ) ( ) ( ) [8 ] [10 ], ( 108, 1977) ; 1117 [3 ] ;,, [9 ] [3 ] [3 ] S5 (, 1991) [3 ] (, 1998) ; (, 1991), 12, 8 [3 ] Q 2 1 ( 2, 2 ), [11 ], N ( ) [10 ] 4 (Q 3 1 ) (Q 3 2 ) Q 3 1 5, M a BP; Q , a BP, N ( 4), (39 40 N ) [3 ] S1, 3, 200 mm (, 1985), ; ; ;

7 3 : (Q 3 1 ) (Q 3 2 ) F ig14 T he natural zones during interglacial and sub2interglacidl periods of late P leistocene N,, 3 4, Q 3 1 (, 1988) ; ; 6134 (, 1991) ; ; ; ; ;, 15 (, 1985;, 1988;, 1988;, 1990), M a BP (Q 2 1 ), a BP (Q 3 3 ), M a BP (Q 2 2 ), 01188M a BP (Q 2 2 ), 0115 M a BP (Q 2 2 ) M a BP (Q 3 1 )

8 ( ) (, 1994) ( ) [3 ] N, (, 1992) ; 2164 ( ) ( ) [8 ] ; ; [10 ], (Q 3 2 ), N 01125M abp, (, 1988) kabp (, 1992) Q 3 1 (, 1977) 30 kabp, (, 1984) Q 3 2 (, 1989) Q 3 2 Q 3 2 ;, (, 1991) 19 N,, Q 3 2 (, 1991),, [9 ] Q 3 1 ( ) Q 3 1 ( ) Q 3 2 ( ),, [11 ] ; (, 1987) [11 ], Q 3 1, Q 3 2 2,, [11 ], (24 N ), (22 30 N ) [10 ] 5, 4 ( 1), (015 g1 ),, : (1), 4,, (2) 4, 3 Q 1 2, Q 1 2, Q 1 2, (3), ,

9 3 : 201 (4) 4,, Q 1 2, 3 4 ( ) 1 4 Tab11 The move distance of natural zones and the f luctuation amplitude of annual temperature dur ing the four per iods N 2 Q 1 2 Q 2 1 Q 3 1 Q 3 2 ( N ) (33 34) (28 30) (24 26) ( ) ( ) ( ) (8 12) ( ) ( ) ( ) (13 15) (16 10) (20 25) (5) 3 30 N,,, Q 2 1 (6),,, (References) 1 X i Chengfan. O n the red w eathering crusts of southern Ch ina. Q uaternary S ciences, 1991 (1) 1 7.., 1991 (1) 1 7. ] 2 H uang W eiw en. ( In Ch inese) [. Evidence fo r early m an s activities from the lateritic beds of south Ch ina. Q uaternary S ciences, 1991 (4) ( In Ch inese) [.., 1991 (4) ] 3 Sh i Yafeng, Cui Zh ijiu, L i J ijun et al. Q uaternary glacier and environm ent in eastern Ch ina. Beijing: Science P ress, ( In Ch inese) [,,.., ] 4 H uang Peihua, L u Zhongjia, R en Zhenji et al. Evo lutions of quaternary natural environm ent in the eastern Ch ina and natural environm ent of Q uaternary Glaciation in M ṫ L ushan. A cta Geog rap h ica S inica, 1987, 42 (4) ( In Ch inese) [,,.., 1987, 42 (4) ]

10 Pu Q ingyu, Chen X ia, Chen M ing et al. Basic features of the quaternary environm ent in Ch ina and its p resentday study. In: Contribution to the Q uaternary Glacio logy and Geo logy (5). Beijing: Geo logical P ress, ( In Ch inese) [,,... ( )., ] 6 Yang H uairen, Xu X in. Evo lutions of Q uaternary natural environm ent in the eastern Ch ina. In: Contribution to the Q uaternary Glacio logy and Geo logy (2). Beijing: Geo logical Publish ing House, ( In Ch inese) [,... ( )., ] 7 Yang H uairen, Xu X in, L i Guo sheng. T he causal m echanism of Q uaternary environm ental changes in Ch ina. Q uaternary S ciences, 1989, (2) ( In Ch inese) [,,.., 1989, (2) ] 8 H uang Zhenguo, Cai Fuxiang, H an Zhongyuan et al. Q uaternary vo lcano in L eizhou Peninsula and H ainan Island. Beijing: Science P ress, ( In Ch inese) [,,.., ] 9 Zhou T ingru, R en Senhou. Ch inese Physiography Paleogeography (Part 1). Beijing: Science P ress, 1984, 46. ( In Ch inese) [,. ( )., ] 10 H uang Zhenguo, Zhang W eiqiang, Zhong X inji et al. P late tectonics and environm ent evo lution in T aiw an. Beijing: O cean P ress, ( In Ch inese) [,,.., ] 11 J i Hongxiang. Geograph ical districution and classification of the Q uaternary m amm atran faunas of Ch ina. J ou rnal of S tratig rap hy, 1987, 11 (2) ( In Ch inese) [.., 1987, 11 (2) ] 12 Zhu X ianmo. Paleo so il in the loessal sedim ent in Ch ina. In: Ch inese Q uaternary Sciences (N o. 1). Beijing: Science P ress, ( In Ch inese) [... ( )., ] 13 Zhao J iangbo. A scertainm ent and study of the w eathering crust in L oesṡ Geolog ical R ev iew, 1991, 37 (2) ( In Ch inese) [.., 1991, 37 (2) ],, 1935,,, 1956,,

11 3 : 203 THE CHANGE O F NATURAL ZO NES AND THE EVOL UT ION OF RED EARTH IN CH INA H uang Zhenguo Zhang W eiqiang Chen Junhong (Guang z hou Institu te of Geog rap hy, Guang z hou ) Key words red earth, natural zone, w arm periods Abstract A cco rding to the spatial and tempo ral distribution of the brow n reddish so il, red earth and relicu lar m o ttled red clay, P liocene in China are discussed in this paper. the location s change of sub trop ical and trop ical zones since late F rom the change of the lim it of natural zone, the clim atic variation and its amp litude in southern China can be deduced respectively. 2 1 T he no rth lim its of the no rthern part of subtrop ical zone in N 2, Q 1, Q 2 and Q 3 w ere N, 46 N, N and N, N fo r the southern part of subtrop ical zone and N, N, N and N fo r trop ical zone. Comparing w ith the p resent lim it of the no rthern part of subtrop ical zone w as of the largest amp litude moving no rthw ard, but the o ther two zones w ere of a sim ilar moving amp litude during the four periods. 2 T he lim its of the three kinds of red earth during Q 1 period are latitude of 12 13, 8 12 and 5, that show ing the mo st w arm period of Q uaternary in China. Comparing w ith the clim atic condition at p resent, a rising amp litude of annual temperature in 1 4 during the four w arm periods in general is p redicted. N o rth China and the area of the m iddle2low er reach of Changjiang R iver occured obvious 2 environm ental change especially during the period of Q 1 w ith a variation of two natural zones, and w as a confrontation state each o ther betw een the southern part of subtrop ical and trop ical zone in central China during the four periods, but as trop ical zone alw ays in south China. T he no rth lim it of trop ical zone had moved to 30 N du ring th ree periods, trop ical fo r a long term 1 mo ttled red clay especially during the period of Q 2. so there w as in sou th2east Ch ina cau sing ex ten sive developm en t of the relicu lar U ntil late P leistocene central and east China is of a stable zone of the southern part of sub trop ical, fo rm ed finally. thu s a co rresponding scope of the p resen t trop ical and red earth distribu tion is

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