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6 47, 839, 3 ; 200, (447 ), , ( ) (518 ) 500, (534 ) 1367,,,,,,, βκ 43, 4000, ,,,,,, (472 ), (486 ),,, 1327 (493 ) 47 (508 ),,,,,, ( ), 18, ( ) 2 (525 ),, (595 ) 10,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (530 ),, ( ),,, :, βλ, :,,,,,,, βµ :,,,,,,,, βν,,,, 6 (445 ), 20,

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9 , ( ) 61 (413 ), ( ) 60 (412 ), 40 (423 ), ( ) 18 (489 ), 1 (586 ),,, (426 ), βσ,,, βτ,, χκ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ), χλ,,, , ,, , 285,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,, 285,, (538 ), (539 ),, 285,,,,,, χµ,, 9

10 ;, 90,,,,,,,, (473 ) (517 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,, ; ; ;,,,,,,, 1, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 10

11 ,,,, ,,,,, ( ), ( ),,, 29 :, χν 285, , 31,,,,, , 162,, ,, 1996, , 18, , , 3,, , βκ βλ 1 βµ 6 βν βµ 7 βο, 8, 3034 βπ βο, βθ, 52 βρ 53, 1005 βσβτ χκ, χλ, 42 43, χµ χν,

12 T he Pain tings of H unting of the M ogao Caves 249 and 285 Based on Bad R ules and Cu stom s of Buddh ist D iscip line L iang W eiying T he pain tings of hun ting on the low er part of the no rthern side of the ceiling of Cave 249 and on the low er parts of fou r sides of the ceiling of Cave 285 have Buddh ist sign ificance. Buddh ist discip line con tain s bo th good and bad ru les and cu stom ṡ M aha2 parin irvana s tra gives u s all so rts of bad ru les and cu stom ṡ Among them, the act of k illing the livingth ings is the w o rst one. H un ters and bu tchers are the typ ical rep resen2 tatives w ho do th ings by the bad o r evil ru les and cu stom ṡ T he pain tings in caves 249 and 285 have p rofound imp lication. T hey in sinuate that hun ters and bu tchers are the monk s w ho b roke a religiou s p recep t,m rap p iyas; a p rince of the D ivils and the Em 2 pero r of T aiw u of thew estern W eiw ho issued the o rders to ban the Buddh ist faith. T he deer sk ipp ing th ree tim es imp lies the m an w ho believes in Buddha,D harm a and Sangha. T he pain tings of the Buddh ist discip ine pain ted in a m etapho r reflect that the cu ltivation and m editation acco rding to Buddh ist doctrine w ere paid mo re atten tion in the N o rthern D ynasties. H uqin and H uapengu:m usical In strum en ts in the W all Paintings of the W estern X ia Perio rd Zhuang Zhuang T here is a pain ting illu strating a m u sician ho lding H uqin in the sto ry of Bhaisajyagu ruvaid ryap rabh sa on East W all of the Eastern T hou sand Buddhas Cave 7. It is ano ther new find fo llow ing the figu re of H uqin found in the Yu lin Gro ttoes. In the sam e m u rals, w e also found a H uapengu, a rare pereu ssian in strum en ṫ H uqin is also called X iqin o r J iqin. It w as first found in the T ang dynasty. H uapengu is also called Ganggu. T he em ergence of H uqin and H uapengu in the m u rals rep resen ts the develop2 m en t of m u sical cu ltu re and art in the W estern X ia period. It also show s that the tw o k inds of m u sical in strum en ts w ere w ide u sed in Gan su in the tim e. T hey fill in the gap s in the h isto ry of m u sic and in strum en tṡ 185

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