that of the bare parts (5147). T he o rganic m atter of the revegetated areas (26112% ) w as 36% h igher than that of bare areas (19120% ). To

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1 V o l. 22,N o. 5 A CTA ECOLO G ICA S IN ICA M ay, ,, 2, 1 1, 3, (11, ; 21, ; 31, ) :, 9 ( 115m 210m ) :,, 1 ( 1165m ), ; 2 4 ( cm ), 4 ; 3 6 ( 01001m 3 ), 7 ( S K ),, 7141mm m in - 1, 1175 mm m in - 1 ; mm m in - 1, 2118 mm m in - 1 N N, ph 7168, (ph 5147) 3417% ; 26112%, (19120% ) 36% ; N N 0133% m g kg % 2018% : ; ; ; Stand Productiv ity and Ecolog ica l Effects of Black L ocust in a Coa l W a ste P ile HU Zhen2Q i 1, ZHAN G Guang2Can 1, 2, B I Y in2l i 1, W E I Zhong2Y i 1, 3 (11 Ch ina U niversity of M ining and T echnology, B eij ing, , China; 21 S handong A g ricultural U niversity, T aian, , China; 31 S hanx i A g ricu ltu ral U niversity, T aig u, , Ch ina). A cta Ecolog ica S in ica, 2002, 22 (5) : Abstract: T h is paper studied the grow th, stand p roductivity, eco logical effects of n ine2years2o ld B lack L o2 cust and their lim iting facto rs in W angzhuan coal w aste p ile. : ( , ) ; : ; : : (1963 ),,, E2m ail: tb. edu. cn T he results show ed that the tree heigh t, di2 am eter at breast heigh t (DB H ) and tim ber vo lum e had different grow th rhythm: tree heigh t had the earli2 est fast2grow ing period, w h ich w as in the first year (grow th rate is 1165m per year), the fast2grow ing pe2 riod of DB H w as in the second and fourth years (grow th rate is cm per year); the fast2grow ing period of tim ber p roduction w as in the th ird to sixth years (grow th rate is above 01001m 3 per year) and significantly reduced after 7 yearṡ T he peak of DB H (average value is 5127cm ) distribution curve leans to left trem endously (S K is ). So it should be adjusted by th in2cutting. T here w ere m any sm all trees and their stand density w as over dense. Since successful revegetation of the p ile, p roperties of the so il in the p ile such as infiltration and w ater2ho lding capacity w ere imp roved, i. e., slow ing dow n infiltration rate and increasing w ater2ho lding capacity. T he initial infiltration rate of p lanting strip w as 7141mm m in - 1 and the steady infiltration rate w as 1175mm m in - 1 ; w h ile the initial infiltration rate of contro l p lo ts w as 13103mm m in - 1 and the steady infiltration rate w as 2118mm m in T he good stand p roduc2 tivity of locust w oodland in the p ile could also p revent acidification of coal w aste p iles and increase the quantity of to tal N and p lant2available N. T he ph of L ocust w oodland in the p ile (7168) w as h igher than

2 that of the bare parts (5147). T he o rganic m atter of the revegetated areas (26112% ) w as 36% h igher than that of bare areas (19120% ). To taln and available N content in L ocust w oodland (0133% and m g kg - 1 ) w as 4315% and 2018% h igher than that of bare areas respectively. Key words: coal w aste p iles; b lack locu st; stand p roductivity; eco logical effects : (2002) : Q 948, S71815 : A, [1 2 ] [3 4 ] 3,, 10 % 65%, 80% [5 6 ],, ;, [7 ] 20% [6, 8 ] 1500, 10000hm 2, [ ] [12 13 ],,, [2 14 ], ; ; ; (R obinia p oseud acacia L. ),, [ ] 9,, 1 111, 915, 3718, , 148d; mm, (6 9 ), 57% ; 3013mm, 415%, 60m, ;,, 80% 1mm ;,, ( 24% 27% ), 7% 11%, 8192% ; ph 713, 11315g1kg g kg - 1, 42m g kg m g kg m g kg ,, 115m 2m cm, 5115m, 313m, 214m, 111m, 13111m 2, 4137, 1138m 2 m , 667m 2, 445 ;

3 ;,, ;,,, 212, (DB H, D ), SPSS [17 ], [18 (S K ) (K ) (R ) ] ( ) Table 1 Biomass of locust stand in 9 years old of coal waste piles 20cm, 5cm Individual(kg) Stand (kg hm - 2 ),, 3 T ree body F resh w eigh t D ry w eigh t F resh w eigh t F resh w eigh t T runk ( ) : (mm m in - 1 ) = B runch (mm ) g (m in) L eaves To tal , 60cm, : : kg, [ t ( 8170kg) ] F ig. 1 T he tree heigh t of L ocust stand in different F ig. 2 Grow ing p rocess of tree heigh t in 92years2o ld stand age L ocust ( 1 2), : H = ln (Y ) (D ; Y ), : dh gdy = Y - 1 : 1 4, m 0165m, , m, , ( 3 4),, : D = 11759ln (Y ) (D ; Y ); (

4 F ig. 3 T he tree DB H of L ocust in different stand age F ig. 4 T ree DB H grow ing p rocess of L ocust in 92 years2o ld ) : dd gdy = 11759Y - 1 : 1 4, ( 3, 110cm ), 4 4 ; 1 4, 5,, 013cm , : V = Y Y (V, Y ); ( ) : dv gdy = Y ,,, m F ig. 6 T ree vo lum e grow ing p rocess of L ocust in 92 F ig. 5 T he tree vo lum e of L ocust stand in different age years2o ld 6 : 7, 7 ( 7 ) 3 6, [18 ] , :, ( ), (S K ) , (K ) , (R ) S K 0 ( ), ( ); K ; R, ( ) 313

5 5 : ,, ( ),,, ( ) Table 2 Inf iltration of locust woodland in coal waste piles F ig. 7 T he DB H distribution of L ocust stand in 92 Site Initial infiltration rate (mm m in - 1 ) Steady infiltration rate (mm m in - 1 ) Planting strip Contro l p lo t years2o ld M odel of M odel of infiltration accum ulative capacity infiltration i= I= t t i= I= t t : (1), 7141mm m in - 1, 1175 mm m in - 1 ; mm m in - 1, 2118 mm m in - 1 (2), F ig. 8 So il infiltration rate of L ocust woodland in coal w aste p ile F ig. 9 So il m ass infiltration of L ocust woodland in coal w aste p ile : i (I ) = at b ( 2);, i (mm m in - 1 ), I (mm ), t (m in) [16 ], 9, 314 ( ) 3, ( 1)pH ph, ( FeS2),, ph 3, ph 517, ph 7168,

6 (2), 36% (3) N N,, N N 4315% 2018% ( 4) P K K 6414%, P K 4511% 3119%,, P K Site cm Table 3 So il nutr ition of locust stands in 9-year-old coal waste piles ph To tal (% ) A vailable (m g kg - 1 ) Po sition O rganic ph of slope m atter (% ) N P K N P K Top Coal M iddle w aste p ile Bo ttom A verage Top M iddle W oodland Bo ttom A verage [20 27,,, ],,, 411 [20 27 ] 5,, 3 4a;, m ( 1 2), 1,, m ( 3715% 50% ),, [18 ], ( ), 412, ( ), [18 ],, [ cm, ] ; ( 3 4) 1 4 ( 0167cm, 25% 67% ), 4 ; 1 4a, 5,, 013cm, ( ) ( 7) [18 ] [22,, 23 ],,

7 5 : 627 [18 ], (S K ) , (S K ) - 015, (R ) 610 ; S K 0 ( ), ( ), K, [22 23, ( ) ], ( 7) S K , K , R ,,,,, , 36a ;, 6 15, [20 27 ] ( 5 6) 3 6, 7, [18 21 ] 414,, [28 ], [29, ] ; ( 3),,,, ; [24 25 ],,, [ 1 ] Bai Z K ( ), Zhao J K ( ), L i J C ( ), et al. Eco system dam age in a large opencast coal m ine- A case study on P ingshuo surface coal m ine, Ch ina1 A cta E colog ica S inica (in Ch inese) ( ), 1999, 19 (6) : [ 2 ] Peng S L ( ) 1 R esto ration eco logy and vegetation reconstruction1 E colog ic science (in Ch inese) ( ), 1996, 15 (2) : [ 3 ] Jajer D A. B io rem ediation of agricultural and fo restry so il w ith sym bio tic m icroo rganism s. A ust J S oil R eṡ, 1994, 32: [ 4 ] W ei C Y ( ), Zhang L C ( ), H e S J ( ). A discussion on the eco2environm ental conditions in the coal m ining areas in Ch ina. A cta Geog rap h ica S inica (in Ch inese) ( ), 1997, 52 (4) : [ 5 ] H e S J ( ), Guo H C ( ), W ei C Y ( ), et al. A study on the resto ration in coal m ining fields in Ch ina. Geog rap h ical R esearch (in Ch inese) ( ), 1996, 15 (3) : [ 6 ] Su G Q ( ), H e S ( ), Guo H C ( ). Suitability A ssessm ent on The W aste L and Resources of Ch ina s M ining A reas. P rog ress in Geog rap hy (in Ch inese) ( ), 1998, 17 (4) : [ 7 ] B ian Z F ( ). V iew on the land reclam ation in m ining areas. Ch ina L and S cience ( in Ch inese) ( ), 2000, 14 (1) : [ 8 ] W and X B ( ), L in Y L ( ). Eco logical succession of the w aste rock heap of a coal m ine. T erritory &

8 N atu ral R esou rces S tudy (in Ch inese) ( ), 2000, (1) : [ 9 ] Gao B Y ( ), Gao G X ( ), Zhu S J ( ). M icroclim atic effect of sand obstruct comp rised of gangue. J ou rnal of S hanx i N orm al U niversity (in Ch inese) ( ), 1999, 27 (Sup. ) : [ 10 ] H u Z Q ( ). A ffo restation of w aste coal p ile in sem i2arid areas. J ournal of China Coal S ociety ( in Chinese) ( ), 1995, 20 (3) : [ 11 ] Guo X J ( ), J ia P ( ), L iu X ( ). Environm ental p roblem of coal refuse p iles and its contro l. J ou rnal of S hanx i A g ricu ltu ral U niversity (in Ch inese) ( ), 1998, 18 (2) : [ 12 ] Feng J S ( ), Fan J E ( ), Zhao J K ( ), et al. T he research on reclam ation of p lanting gress on the coal gobs in Yangquan. J ou rnal S hanx i A g ricu ltu ral U niversity (in Ch inese) ( ), 1995, 15 (4) : [ 13 ] Hong J P ( ), X ie Y H ( ), L in D Y ( ), et al. T he ro les green fo rage grass in the imp rovem ent of eco logical environm ent of coal gangue h ills. R u ral E co2env ironm ent (in Ch inese) ( ), 1996, 12 (4) : 55 57, 62. [ 14 ] L iw Y ( ), Zhang Z G ( ), Cai J Q ( ) ed. So il and w ater conservation of m ining areas (in Ch i2 nese). BeiJ ing: Science P ress, [ 15 ] Zhou S L ( ), L eng G Y ( ), H an X R ( ), et al. Study on reclam ation affo restation and its envi2 ronm ental evaluation in w aste coal p iles. In: Zhou S L ( ) ed. R eclam ation and af f orestation of w asteland in m ining areas(in Ch inese). Beijing: Ch ina Fo restry Publish ing House, [ 16 ] H u Z Q. Impact of coal w aste p iles on environm ent and their affo restation techniques in Ch ina, in the p roceedings of 9 th international conference on coal science, Sep tem ber E ssen, Germ any. [ 17 ] Hong N ( ) ed. S tatistics and analy sis tutorial of S PS S f or W indow s ( in Chinese). Beijing: Publishing House of E lectronics Industry, [ 18 ] Sun S X ( ) ed. Silviculture (in Ch inese). Beijing: Ch ina Fo restry Publish ing House, [ 19 ] W ang B R ( ), W ang B T ( ) ed. R unof f F orestry on the L oess P lateau ( in Chinese). Beijing: China Fo restry Publish ing House, [ 20 ] Fo restry research institute of Shandong ( ) ed. B lack L ocust ( in Chinese). Beijing: A griculture Publish ing House, [ 21 ] Sun L D ( ), Zhu J Z ( ) ed. S tudy and evaluation of comp rehensive ef f ects on soil and w ater f orest sy stem ( in Chinese). Beijing: China Fo restry Publishing House, [ 22 ] H uang W D ( ), Zhang L J ( ). D iam eter distribution dynam ics of stands in agrofo restry system. J ou rnal of N anj ing F orestry U niversity (in Ch inese) ( ), 1989, (4) : [ 23 ] Zhang G C ( ), L iang Y T ( ), L ong Z R ( ). Study on suitable stand density of B lack Locust clone. J ou rnal of S hand ong A g ricu ltu ral U niversity ( in Ch inese) ( ), 1999, (Supp. ) : [ 24 ] D uan Y H ( ), Zhao J K ( ). M o isture status in w aste coal p iles and its m easure m ethod. In: Zhou S L ( ) ed. R eclam ation and af f orestation of w asteland in m ining areas ( in Chinese). Beijing: China Fo restry Publish ing House, [ 25 ] H u Z Q ( ), L i Y ( ), L i J M ( ). M o isture characteristics of w aste coal p iles and its effect on af2 fo restation. In: Zhou S L ( ) ed. R eclam ation and af f orestation of w asteland in m ining areas ( in Chinese). Beijing: Ch ina Fo restry Publish ing House, [ 26 ] W u Z Z ( ), Yang R G ( ), W ang W Q ( ) ed. R easonable density of p lant p op ulation ( in Chi2 nese). Publish ing House of Ch ina A gricultural U niversity, [ 27 ] Ch ina Fo restry A ssociation ( ) ed. A f f orestation technology of m ain tree sp ecies in China ( in Chinese). Beijing: Ch ina Fo restry Publish ing House, [ 28 ] W ang Y Q ( ), Feng J S ( ), J ia P ( ). Study on reclam ation p lanting in coalw aste p iles. In: Zhou S L ( ) ed. R eclam ation and af f orestation of w asteland in m ining areas ( in Chinese). Beijing: China Fo restry Publish ing House, [ 29 ] L in Y ( ). Study on reclam ation techno logy w ith affo restation in coal w aste p iles. In: Zhou S L ( ) ed. R eclam ation and af f orestation of w asteland in m ining areas ( in Chinese). Beijing: China Fo restry Publishing House,

12 () 34 N o. of ch romo2 som e 2 T able 2 Ch romo som e relative length in sem ifine2w oo l and sem ifine2woo l N o. of T ype ch romo2 som e sem ifin

12 () 34 N o. of ch romo2 som e 2 T able 2 Ch romo som e relative length in sem ifine2w oo l and sem ifine2woo l N o. of T ype ch romo2 som e sem ifin 34 12 () V o l. 34 N o. 12 2006 12 Jour. of N o rthw est Sci2T ech U niv. of A gri. and Fo r. (N aṫ Sci. Ed. ) D ec. 2006 Ξ 1, 2, 2, 1 (1, 200090; 2, 625014) [],, 2N = 54, XY; 2N = 54, XX 2 6 24 (P < 0.