(P),,,, N G P,, :, 89, 100 1, , , ( 1) 1(1994 ) Ξ Tab11 The generation of Ch inese new c ities (1994) g gkm 2 g gkm

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1 A CTA GEO GRA PH ICA S IN ICA V o l. 53, N o. 6 N ov., 1998 Ξ (, ), 89 ; ; 90,, 1994, 622, [1 ], % 265%,,, 1 111,,,,,,, : 11111(N ),,, ,, 11112(G),,,, [2 ],,,,,, Ξ (Suppo rted by N ationaln atural Science Foundation of Ch ina) ; : ; :

2 (P),,,, N G P,, :, 89, 100 1, , , ( 1) 1(1994 ) Ξ Tab11 The generation of Ch inese new c ities (1994) g gkm 2 g gkm 2 g gkm Ξ : (1995)

3 6 : , Tab12 The time and space distr ibution , of Ch inese newc itese 24, : 1617% 5412% 2911%, ; , , 1313% 7313% %, ; , 50, 30% 36% 34%, ( 2) 89 : ; ; ; ( 1) (1) 1994, ( ) 113, 26, 23%, ( ) 319, 36, 1113%, 0179, : 1 1 F ig11 T he distribution of Ch inese new cities

4 (2) ( ) 158, 30, 19%, 1133 ( ) 212, 18, 815%, 0159, (3) ( ) 95, 26, 2714%, , 21, 716%, 0152,,, , 4818% 4210% 912%,, 2, [3 ],, 211,,,, :,,,, 30, 30,, ;,,,, ( 2), %, ( ) 12,, ( ),, , , 39,,, ,, 326

5 6 : F ig12 T he evo lution of Ch inese city netw o rk

6 ,, 1994, 50,, 622, ( 5 30 ), ,, 941,,, , 89,, 12 29, , (S ij) n n S ij i j,,,, [4 ] : : (1) (Β) (H ), Β = E gn, 0 Β (n - 1) g2 (221) H = E - n + q, 0 H (n - 1) (n - 2) g2 (222) Β E n,, Β< 1, Β> 1 H (E ) (n) (q),,, H, ( 2) (D ), ( ) (A ) 3, D = : S ij, n (n - 1) D n 2 (n - 1) g2 (223) i j = m ax{s ij}, 1 (n - 1) (224) A = j i S ijgn (n - 1), 1 A ng2 (225) D,,, S ij, A S ij,, (3) (a) (y ) a = 2H g(n - 1) (n - 2), 0 a 1 (226) y = 2E gn (n - 1), 0 y 1 (227) a 2,, 1- a y 2,,,

7 6 : , 3 (S ij) n n,, 7 ( 3) 3 Tab13 The change of Ch inese c ity network s function Β D A a y ,, : 21311, , 11% ; , 412, %, %,, 80,,, 21312, , D , 22110, 12 29, 1142,, 20 28, 21313, 50 90, (A ) , 70% 412, 50 70, (A ) 104%, (H ) 155%, H A,, 70 90, A 53%, H 1113%, A H,, 21314,, a y, (1- a) (1- y ) 50 90, a y ,, , 111% 517%,

8 ,,, ( 4) 4 Tab14 The network feature of importan t new c ities ,,, 4,, , S j ij,, 4, 5 (1 057) (1 069) (1 076) (1 084) (1 109) 31113,,,, 4, 5 (01899), (01888) (01882) (01875) (01853),

9 6 : , S θ ij S θ ij [5 ],,, 4, 5 (01720) (01452) (01333) (01236) (01215),,, 312 :, (W H ) W M ; W M W H, 1, 4 ; W H W M ( 3), 4 (1) 3, W H > 1, W M > 1 3,,, : (2) 3, 3 W F ig13 T he type of new cities location status M > 1, W H < 1 3,, (3) 3, W H > 1, W M < 1 11,, (4) 3, W H < 1, W M < 1 9,, 313,,, x, y ( 4),,,, : y = x, r= , F = F = 78176> 8186= Κ (Α= 01001),

10 490 53, 4 (1) :,, (2), (3),,,, ;, (References) 1 General Survey T eam of U rban Society, State Statistics Bureau. Statistic yearbook of Ch ina citieṡ Beijing: Ch ina Statistic P ress, ( In Ch inese) [.., ] 2 Zhou Yixing. N ew cities on m ap. Geog rap h ic K now led g e, 1985 (3) 2. ( In Ch inese) [.., 1985 (3) 2. ] 3 L iw eizheng, Guo Yaohuang, Gan Ying ai et al. Op search. Beijing: Q inghua U niversity P ress, 1982.,.., ] ( In Ch inese) [, 4 Jam es G, C liff A D, H aggett P et al. Som e discrete distributions fo r w ith app lications to regional transpo rt netwo rk ṡ Geog raf iska, A nnaler, 19701B, Peter H aggetṫ L ocational analysis in H um an Geography. B risto l: Edw ard A rno ld, CH INA S NEW C IT IES AND THE IR POSIT IONS IN THE URBAN NETWORK Cheng L iansheng (D ep ṫ of R esou rce & E nv ironm ent S cience, B eij ing N orm al U niversity, B eij ing ) Key words new cities China, urban network, network function Abstract N ew cities should be defined as tho se cities that are new ly built, beginning from a low base line and having reached an obvious size. In this paper, they are defined as tho se that have been built from virgin land o r settlem ents below the level of county cap ital since the industrialization drive of the early 1950s and that have been fo rm ally recognized as cities by the state. In 1994,

11 6 : 491 China had 89 new cities in all. In term s of distribution, the w estern part of the nation has mo re new cities than the eastern part, the no rth m o re than the sou th, and the fron tier areas m o re than the coastal region s. W ith the help of graph theo ry, the paper p resents separate m ap s on China s urban net2 works fo r three tim e periods: the early 1950s, the late 1970s, and the early 1990s. A n analysis of the network m ap s suggests that the new cities have perfo rm ed four functions affecting the ur2 ban networks. T hey have facilitated the m aturity of the networks, stim ulated the networks spatial expan sion, accelerated their in ternal differen tiation, and enhanced their linkage po ten2 tial. By analyzing the new cities connection rate, accessib ility, cen tripetal tendency and loca2 tional sensibility, the ability of the new cities to dictate the networks is discussed. U sing the lo2 cational quo tients of centripetal tendency and locational sensibility, W H and W M, a dualistic clas2 sification of the new tow ns functions w ith four types of po sitions are put fo rw ard: T ype 1: Centripetal dom inance, W M > 1, W H > 1; T ype 2: M arginal dom inance, W M > 1, W H < 1; T ype 3: Centripetal extrem ity, W M < 1, W H > 1; T ype 4: M arginal extrem ity, W M < 1, W H < 1. T he study reveals that the stronger a new city s location can dom inate its urban network, the better is its accessibility, and the mo re beneficial it is to the city s econom ic developm ent. T hree types of new city locations centers, m idpo ints and extrem e po ints affect the dif2 ferences of the new cities po sitions in the networks. W hen new cities are established befo re the em ergence of their network, they lead to the spatial expansion of the urban network; if an urban network exists earlier than the new cities, the establishm ent of new cities leads to the network s in ternal differen tiation.,, , 1956,,

km km km 2, , , F ig11t he regional relation of Shenyang C ity 211:, , 1197%,, %, 5

km km km 2, , , F ig11t he regional relation of Shenyang C ity 211:, , 1197%,, %, 5 52 4 1997 7 A CTA GEO GRA PH ICA S IN ICA V o l. 52, N o. 4 July, 1997 3 (, 100871) 80,,,,, 80 90, (subu rban ization),, [14 ] [5 ] [6 ], 1 [7 ], (cen tral city),,, 4 ;, 9, 109 ( ) 57 5 101,, 3 31, [8