208 P + V x + VP 2 P V V x x /// VP 2 P + V x + VP 2 P + V x + VP 2 P V x + VP a V x VP a VP + AP 2010 V + AP V- V- V

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1 207 * P + V x + VP 2 P + V x + VP 2 P + V x + VP 2 The car drives fast Chinese middle construction Sung a 2004b * 10JJD &ZD175

2 208 P + V x + VP 2 P V V x x /// VP 2 P + V x + VP 2 P + V x + VP 2 P V x + VP a V x VP a VP + AP 2010 V + AP V- V- V

3 209 VP + AP 2003 V A P + V x + VP // /+ / V x NP + V- + AP NP + V- + AP V AP P + V x + VP 2 P + V x + VP 2

4 210 P + V x + VP 2 P + V x + VP 2 V x VP 2 P + V x + VP A + V + VP 2 A Agent / A + V + VP 2 V VP

5 211 P + A + V x + VP P + A + V x + VP P + V x + VP V x VP 2 VP 2 attribute V x VP V x VP 2 V x

6 212 V x VP discourse marker P + V x + VP 2 P + V x + VP V x P P + V x + VP 2 VP 2 P V x P + V x + VP P + V x + VP 2

7 213 P + V x + VP 2 1 P + V x + VP

8 214 6 a b P + V x + VP A + V x + VP 2 A + V x + VP 2 P + V x + VP 2 A + V x + VP 2 8 P + V x + VP 2 P + V x + VP 2 P + V x + VP 2 P + V x + VP 2

9 215 4 P + V x + VP 2 The car drives fast Keyser & Roeper 1984 Fagan 1988Stroik 1992Ackema & Schoorlemmer 1994Rapoport This book reads quickly by Mary 2 generics This book reads quickly 3 This book is reading quickly 4 facility carefully /deliberately well /easily /quickly /difficultly Roberts 1985 P + V x + VP 2 VP 2 V The car drives fast 2 3 P + V x + VP 2

10 216 P + V x + VP 2 P + V x + VP 2 VP 2 V P + V x + VP 2 P + V x + VP 2 P + V x + VP 2 / P + V x + VP 2 P + V x + VP 2 P + V x + VP 2

11 a b V A V NP + + V + + AP NP + V- + AP VP + AP 5 AckemaP. and SchoorlemmerM The Middle Construction and the Syntaxsemantics Interface. Lingua FaganS. 1988The English Middle. Linguistic Inquiry KeyserS. J. and RoeperT. R On the Middle and Ergative Construction in English. Linguistic Inquiry RapoportT. R The MiddleAgentand For-phrases. Linguistics Inquiry 30

12 RobertsI The Representation of Implicit and Dethematized Subjects. Ph. D. Dissertation at University of Southern California. StroikT. 1992Middles and Movement. Linguistic Inquiry Sung Kuoming Case Assignment Under Incorporation. Ph. D. Dissertation at University of California NP + VP + AP nested 3 P + Vx + VP 2 V chenzhoushmcai@ 126. com

13 334 Historical Causes of Wangmian sile fuqin Ma Zhigang 182 AbstractThree specific requirements in terms of semanticscategory and morphology must be met in order to form grammatical Chinese passive sentences with stranded objects typical possession relationshipindefinit object nouns and the compound make-up of the verbal unit. Zhangsan bei shale fuqin is in full accord with none of the three requirements and thus should not be taken as the typical representative. Evidence in support of this view can be found in cognitive analysis of typical possession and in historical analysis of si to die as containing the sense of to lose. This article proposes that reference can be made to generative introspection but caution should also be taken. The prior strategy is to resort to native intuition rather than theoretical derivations. Key wordspassive sentences with stranded objectscategorial statusthetarolescase-markingpossession relationship in a narrow sensecomplex verbal unit Verb-copying Structure and Serial Verb Construction Zhong Xiaoyong & Zhang Lin 196 AbstractVerb-copying Structure VCSis always considered as Serial Verb Construction SVC but there is no explicit explanation about it. In this paperwe discuss the semantic and syntactic features of SVC from a typological perspectiveand find that VCS can be seen as SVCbut not the typical one. VCS is one of the special sentence constructions of Chinese. Key words verb-copying structure serial verb construction typology special sentence construction The Syntactic Nature of Chinese Extended Middle Construction Cai Shumei 207 AbstractThe issues of whether P + V x + VP 2 is middle construction and what nature it possesses are hotspots in current academics. To settle such disputesthis article firstly combs through numerous opinions of syntactic identification on this structure focusing on criterions scholars adopt as well as difficulties they confront withand then makes an exploration on its syntactic

14 335 CONTENTS nature based on real language material. Furtherit puts forwards that P + V x + VP 2 is a special topic-nested structure locating between serial verb construction and intensive complex sentenceand a prototypical category covering typical S-P predicate sentences to untypical ones. Based on the above analysis this article puts P + V x + VP 2 into a larger background and probes into its internal hierarchies. Finallyit points out the similarities and differences between English middle construction and Chinese P + V x + VP 2 which paves the way to call this P + V x + VP 2 as Chinese extended middle construction. Key words P + V x + VP 2 topic-nested structure construction group prototypic categorychinese extended middle construction On the Optative Function of jiuhaole Zhang Xinhua 219 Abstract Jiuhaole is a keen optative form that can be used upon both perfective and imperfective events. This construction has a strong feature of interlocution including overt and covert formsand doesn't appear in non-dialogue discourse. Originallythe construction obtains its optative function by raising hao from an inner predication position to a high oneand is in the process of evolving to a mood particle. Key words jiuhaole optativeinterlocutionsubjectivisation Interpretation of Synonymous Multiple Words of HUAINANZI Wang Wenhui & Qi Hui 228 AbstractHUAINANZI is the valuable material to observe and study the language of the early Han Dynasty. The synonymous multiple words are the special glossarial phenomenon. This article has found and interpretated some synonymous multiple words. Key wordshuainanzisynonymous multiple words SnapshotGroup Photograph and All-information Photograph The Objects in the Subjective Rhetorical Worlds Huo Sitong 236 Abstract Active in active rhetoricalways related with the activeness of one's subjective attitudeand so-called active rhetoric should be subjective

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