第 4 單元文法 4-3 當 動詞 遇見 動詞 - 該用 不定詞 (to V.)? 或是 動名詞 (Ving)? 範題 1 The new retirement policy would cause the company the support of the employees who benefit from the current system. to lose be lost for losing the loss (95 警特 ) cause... to V.: cause ( 導致 ; 引起 ) 一字後面需接不定詞 (to V.) 例 David s inefficiency at work caused his boss to fire him. ( 大衛工作時很沒效率, 導致他老闆炒他魷魚 ) 範題 2 Mrs. Smith does not allow. anyone smoking in her drawing room anyone to smoke in her drawing room smoking to anyone in her drawing room to smoke by anyone in her drawing room (91 高檢 ) allow 允許 准許 一字的用法是 allow Sb. to V. 故本題答案為 drawing room 為 會客室 客廳 之意 範題 3 Mary wasn t allowed alone because she was too young to do that. travel traveling to travel to be traveling (93 基警 ) allow( 允許 准許 )+ to V.
4-4 第 4 單元文法 例 媽媽允許我們今晚看電影 ( 主動時 ) Mother allowed us to watch the movie tonight. 在這間餐廳, 顧客不被允許抽煙 ( 被動時 ) Customers are not allowed to smoke in this restaurant. 補充 too ~ to... 太 ~ 以致於不能 例 他現在太虛弱了, 以致於沒辦法說話 He is too weak to talk now. 範題 4 The whole process can be like the steps taken to a complicated dinner. preparing preparing for prepare of prepare (92 高考 ) take the steps to V. 採取步驟去做 本句乃使用被動語氣, 原本應是 take the steps to prepare a dinner 改成被動 (be + p.p.) 後變為 : the steps were taken to prepare a dinner 與前面的句子 the whole process can be like the steps 合併後成為 : The whole process can be like the steps (which were) taken to prepare a dinner 另外, prepare 一字做 準備飯菜 解釋時, 後面不加介系詞 範題 5 My father taught skeptical of claims made by advertisers. to be me to be my being for me to be (92 地方特考 ) be skeptical of/about 懷疑的 多疑的 teach O.( 受詞 )to V. 教 做
第 4 單元文法 4-5 範題 6 Please tell her about it. don t worry don t be worrying not to worry not worrying (92 高檢 ) tell O.( 受詞 )to V. 如果是 告訴她要擔心, 英文是 :tell her to worry... 若要變成 不要擔心, 則在 擔心 的前面加上 not, 於是變成 not to worry..., 答案為 範題 7 All you have to do today is at home doing exercises. stay staying stayed have stayed (92 台電 ) 原本兩動詞間應該有個 to, 以形成不定詞 :V. to V., 故本題原本該寫... is to stay at home... 但本題重點在於前面 All you have to do is... 的句型, 在本句型之後的動詞習慣用原型動詞, 即 All you have to do is V., 故答案為 範題 8 Did you have your assistant this report before sending it out? edit editing to edit an addition (92 地方特考 ) 本題關鍵在 have 一字! have 於此處作 使役動詞 用, 類似 make, 後接原型動詞, 故答案選 範題 9 Sue: What did you do in the winter vacation?
4-6 第 4 單元文法 Sam: I spent my winter vacation in Europe. to travel traveling traveled travel (94 基警 ) 雖然這一題用對話的形式出現, 但其實在考文法, 只要有看到山姆回答當中的 spent 一字, 一一一答案選, 一為 spend 後面的動詞需要用 Ving spend 的過去式及過去分詞皆為 spent, 意思為 花費 ( 金錢 時間 ) spend + 時間 金錢 + on N. spend + 時間 金錢 + Ving 範題 10 My father enjoys not only reading poems but also. novels novels too reading novels reads novels (92 高考 ) enjoy( 享受 喜愛 )+ Ving 本題也一從並排句型來看 : not only A but also B 一句型的意思是 不只有 A 也有 B A 與 B 通常是相同的對應, 例如名詞對名詞 動詞對動詞 動名詞片語 (Ving) 則對動名詞片語, 以本句為例 :My father enjoys not only reading poems but also. 在 not only 後面的是 reading poems, 為動名詞片語, 故一推一 but also 的後面應該也是動名詞片語, 故選 範題 11 Health officials in New Zealand s largest city Auckland suggest parking near schools to make overweight kids walk more as a way to fight childhood obesity. ban bans banned banning (95 法務部 )
第 4 單元文法 4-7 本題關鍵在於 suggest 一字 suggest (v.) 建議 提議其用法為 :suggest + Ving( 本題即此用法 ) suggest + that S. (should) V. 需注意此用法 that 所接子句的動詞用原型動詞, 一省略 should 之故, 如 :The doctor suggested that my father quit smoking. ( 醫生建議我爸戒煙 ) 範題 12 The doctor recommended that she the medicine. ate took to take take (92 台電 ) 本題重點在 recommend 一字 recommend (v.) 建議 勸告該字用法為 : recommend + Ving 例 He recommends wearing a helmet.( 他建議戴安全帽 ) recommend that S. (should) V.( 此即本題用法 ) 此用法中 that 所接子句的動詞需使用原型動詞, 乃一省略 should 之故 例 Our teacher recommended Tom spend more time on math. ( 我們老師勸湯姆多花點時間在數學上 ) 範題 13 The first time John, he did not dare to go down the hill. went sking went skiing went to ski went and skied(93 高考 ) go Ving 去做 ~
4-8 第 4 單元文法 滑雪 的英文是 ski, 其動詞三態為 :ski-skied-skied 而進行式需重複 i 再加上 ing:skiing 範題 14 Laura Wilder specialized about her childhood on the American frontier. to write who wrote writings in writing (91 台電 ) 本題重點在於 specialize 一字 specialize (v.) 專門研究 專門從事 專攻 專長該字後接介系詞 in :specialize in N./Ving 動名詞 Ving 範題 1 is one the best cures for illness. Laugh Laughs Laughing Laughing at (91 北市基層特考 ) 本題為動名詞當主詞的用法 一動詞不能直接當主詞用, 故將其改為 Ving, 使其成為動名詞, 具備名詞的性質, 作為主詞使用 範題 2 Mother Teresa was devoted to the poor people in India. help helping helped be helpful (94 基警 ) be devoted to 將 奉獻給 致力於 當中的 to 為介系詞, 故其後的動詞要變成 Ving