Welcome to 21000201 Operating Systems Operating systems - fall 2017 Part 0: Course Overview Time: Tues. 07:50 09:25 Fri. 14:00 15:35 Place: 3A312 Fall 2017 USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 1 USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 2 Today s agenda OS? Course overview What this course is about? And-what it is not about? My teaching/your learning strategies Why you should (or not) take this course? Administrative aspects How does this course operate? An adventure for thought What is architecture? USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 3 USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 4
Organizing computer functionality A naïve architecture Many kinds of computer devices and technologies e.g., register, cache, memory, disk, tape, flash, etc. Many different applications e.g., doc, email, web, mp3, movie, etc. Application Software Storage Hardware doc web mp3 disk tape movie flash Computer architecture How should different pieces be organized? How should different pieces interact? new application has to interface to all existing storage media adding new application requires O(m) work, m = number of storage media new storage media requires all existing applications be modified adding new media requires O(a) work, a = number of applications total work in system O(ma) eventually too much work to add apps/media application end points may not be on the same media! i.e., a networking application, e.g., web, email, HTTP, etc. USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 5 USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 6 Solution: indirection Solution: introduce an intermediate layer that provides a single abstraction for various storage technologies O(1) work to add app/media Indirection is an often used technique in computer science OS-1 Single user/single tasking Application Software Intermediate layer doc web mp3 movie Storage Hardware disk tape flash USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 7 USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 8
OS-2 Single user/multi-tasking OS-3 Multi-user/multi-tasking Cloud computing! USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 9 USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 10 Computer hardware Hardware management Computer System USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 11 USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 12
OS s functionalities OS as a service provider Provide facilities/services that everyone needs OS as a governor Allocate resources efficiently and fairly Settle conflicting requests for resources Prevent errors and improper use of the computer OS: the king of the IT world 1981 Steve Jobs (Apple) vs. Bill Gates (Microsoft) The first Macintosh PC Securely USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 13 USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 14 Increasing software complexity OSs look like OSs: the most complicated software systems From MIT s 6.033 course USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 15 USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 16
This course is NOT about How to use an operating system (e.g., DOS or Linux)? What is the future of mobile operating systems like Android, ios, and Windows Phone? So, what is the course about? Develop an understanding of OSs Obtaining the big picture: elements, principles and how they interact Reasoning the details behind the design decisions in all levels A theoretical CS course What does this mean? USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 17 USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 18 Courses on systems Courses on systems Principles of Communications (EE) Computer Networks (EE, CS) Operating Systems (CS, EE) Computer Architecture (CS) System Thinking! USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 20
OS in cybersecurity curricula Crypto Applied Crypto, Provable Security OS System Security APP Security Why OS is a difficult subject to study? Too many details get in the way of understanding the concepts lost the big picture Too many exceptions apply to every rule researchers love these exceptions Our knowledge of OSs is still evolving The OS is a team effort that involves many different players interacting with each other USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 21 USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 22 Human immune system Seeing the elephant Process management Memory management File management I/O management User interface OS USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 23 USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 24
Get the big picture first! Abstraction USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 25 USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 26 Abstraction Teaching philosophy 李尚志 ( 中科大前数学系系主任 ) 说 : 丁石孙教授讲的 交换代数 课给我留下特别深刻的印象 他讲课从来不一步一步讲证明的细节, 而着重讲整体思路和想法, 细节让我们自己课后去补充出来 他说 : 讲细节谁都听不懂 跟不上 如果你上来讲一个中学的平面几何证明题, 你预先经过反复思考已经熟悉了, 我预先没有思想准备, 听的时候就肯定跟不上你的每一步 他这种讲课方式对我现在的讲课影响也很大 我发现, 凡是科研搞得好 讲课也讲得好的老师, 讲课风格可能各不相同, 但一个共同点都是强调主体思路, 分得清哪是主干哪是枝叶 因为他们搞科研的时候就是先大体上构思了总体框架 然后再添枝加叶加以实现和完善的 USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 27 课堂讲授的内容与教材里的内容是互补的, 尽量不是重复的! 因此, 课后一定要阅读指定的材料 USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 28
Learn more, study less Scott Young 分享了他在一年内通过观看在线教程的讲座自学完成 MIT 计算机科学本科课程全部 4 年 33 门课的经验 Learn more, study less Scott Young s TED Talk: How to get the finest education online? http://tedxtalks.ted.com/video/tedxeastsideprep-scott-young-ca Finishing reading the textbook in 2 weeks! USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 29 USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 30 Administrative info Staff Instructor: 张驰 Email: chizhang@ustc.edu.cn Office: 西区科技实验楼西楼 9 楼 907 Office hours: Tues. 9:35-11:30 Guest Instructor: 魏凌波 Email: lingbowei@ustc.edu.cn Office: 西区科技实验楼西楼 17 楼 1713 USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 31 WeChat Group: OS-Fall-2017 USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 32
Mr. 周恒宇 Our TAs Email: hengyu@mail.ustc.edu.cn Office: 西区科技实验楼西楼 9 楼 913 Office hours: Tues. 9:35-11:30 Mr. 解岩凯 Email: ykxie@mail.ustc.edu.cn Office: 西区科技实验楼西楼 9 楼 910 Office hours: Fri. 15:45-17:30 When/where/how to talk to me? Algorithm 1 (to be made distributive) 1: talk to TAs 2: else email me at chizhang@ustc.edu.cn 3: else use my office hours Tues. 9:35-11:30 科技实验楼 907 4: else sneak in whenever the door is opened 5: goto 1 USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 33 USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 34 Prerequisites No prerequisites other than a working knowledge of computer architecture Textbook: Course materials William Stallings, Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles, 6th Edition 中译本 操作系统精髓与设计原理 Online supplements http://williamstallings.com/os/os6e.html Question: need 7th or 8th edition? No 如果你能理解左边图的内容, 那么就表明你已经具备学习本课程所需的计算机体系结构方面的知识了 USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 35 USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 36
Course materials Online materials (including lecture slides): http://staff.ustc.edu.cn/~chizhang/os/index.html Other reference books & materials: see website Tanenbaum: Modern Operating ( 现代操作系统 ) Silberschatz: Operating System Concepts ( 操作系统概念 ) Other book chapters & papers Suggested reading Recommended further reading: Operating Systems: Three Easy Pieces http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~remzi/ostep/ Operating Systems: Principles and Practice http://ospp.cs.washington.edu/ Xv6, a simple Unix-like teaching operating system http://pdos.csail.mit.edu/6.828/2012/xv6.html 浪潮之巅, 吴军, 人民邮电出版社,2013 年 7 月第二版 Lecture slides: Do cover all the material! Please follow lecture slides for preparing your quizzes & final exam USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 37 USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 38 Class schedule Part 1: OS Introduction (1 week) Part 2: Process Management (4.5 weeks) Part 3: Memory Management (2.5 weeks) Part 4: I/O Management (2 weeks) Part 5: File Management (1 week) Part 6: Distributed System (2 weeks) Course Review (1 week) 一共 15 周课时, 预留 1 周的课时作为机动 USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 39 Heavy! Start early!! Work load Approx. 100 pages of (light) reading per week Several homework assignments 3 OS labs 1 project & presentation to be done in groups of size 5 find your partners now 3~4 quizzes (open book) 1 final exam (closed book, one A4 cheat sheet, and calculator) USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 40
Grading policy Writing assignments: 0% Quizzes: 20% Labs: 20% Project: 30% Final exam: 30% Labs MIT-6.828: Operating Systems Vx6 System I reserve the right to assign grades based on the overall performance 课堂不点名,quiz 时间会提前通知 USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 41 USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 42 Project Blockchain design & analysis Distributed fault-tolerant system Applied crypto techniques Reading papers & 1 presentation How to do well? Participate: discuss, ask and answer questions the only stupid question is the question you don t ask Give suggestions: I ll take them seriously Do the assigned readings and surf the web to read related things Start early on homework assignments and projects Make use of our TAs (and occasionally me too) USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 43 USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 44
An adventure for thought What is architecture? Architecture = Systematic Design Structure of elements Interacting behaviors USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS 45 USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 46 What is architecture? 何陋之有? 何陋轩 ( 上海松江方塔园 ) USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 47 冯纪忠先生与何陋轩 刘禹锡 陋室铭 : 斯是陋室, 惟吾德馨 谈笑有鸿儒, 往来无白丁 南阳诸葛庐, 西蜀子云亭 孔子云 : 君子居之, 何陋之有?
Substance triumphs over form What is CS? CS = the study of computers (1962) CS = the study of abstract computing process (2010) Charles Babbage Difference Engine 冯纪忠 USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017 49 Titan Supercomputer Turing Machine USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 50 Whole > (parts) The whole is greater than the sum of its parts Whole > (parts) The whole is greater than the sum of its parts A global view is important for understanding Aristotle 51 USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 52
Windsor Guildhall Theory guides practice Theory guides practice; practice tests theory Sir Christopher Wren 53 USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 54 Less is more especially for system security USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 55 USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 56
System level principles Substance triumphs over form The whole is greater than the sum of its parts Theory guides practice Less is more Welcome to the world of OSs! After the class Reading: 教材第一章 : 硬件知识回顾 pp.7-45 (8 th Edition) 教材第二章 : 操作系统概述 pp.46-104 (8 th Edition) Watching: Hardware and Operating System Basic (11 short videos) Reminder: Finishing reading the textbook in 2 weeks! USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 57 USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 58 WeChat Group for OS-Fall-2017 请同学们将自己在微信群中的昵称改为真实 姓名 + 学号 USTC-21000201: OPERATING SYSTEMS; FALL 2017; INSTRUCTOR: CHI ZHANG 59