M09116032-1 -
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921 WTO - 3 -
Abstract KeywordsTurnkey Projects, Architects, Working environment. According to the statistical data, it is recognized that architects is a professional career with high reputation and income. Architects also play an important role in national development and construction. Architects in Taiwan grew up with the boom of economics in the past thirty years. However, they meet a bottleneck now, i.e., projects available decrease significantly, and working environments become worse and worse. Moreover, government is becoming to accept the form of Turnkey Project for public works since disastrous 921 earthquake and join the World Trade Organization (WTO). Therefore, it is the turning point for the survival of architects in Taiwan. The focus of this study is primary on the working types of architects under turnkey projects in our country. The materials used in this paper are general based on domestic and foreign literatures, laws and regulations about architect s working types, practice of infrastructure and private sectors, and the difficulties that they may have meet. Herewith this approach, the problems among their working environment and the construction companies of joint venture under turnkey projects will be discussed, in order to find out the appropriated strategies to overcome their problems. Finally, it is anticipated that the conclusions of this study can be a useful reference for whom they will join in the career. - 4 -
1 1.1 1 1.2 2 1.3 2 1.3.1 2 1.3.2 2 1.4 3 1.4.1 3 1.4.2 3 1.4.3 3 1.4.4 3 1.5 4 5 2.1 5 2.2 7 2.3 7 2.3.1 9 2.3.2 12 2.3.3 28 2.3.4 37 2.4 37 2.4.1 37-5 -
2.4.2 44 2.4.3 46 2.4.4 49 2.5 50 2.5.1 50 2.5.2 52 2.5.3 53 2.5.4 54 2.5.5 55 2.6 56 68 3.1 68 3.1.1 69 3.1.2 69 3.2 72 3.2.1 72 3.2.2 73 3.3 73 3.3.1 74 3.3.2 3.4 75 77 79 4.1 79 4.1.1 79 4.1.2 79-6 -
4.1.3 81 4.1.4 82 4.2 83 4.2.1 83 4.2.2 83 4.2.3 85 4.3 85 4.3.1 86 4.3.2 90 4.3.3 92 4.4 93 5.1 95 95 5.2 96 5.2.1 96 5.2.2 97 5.3 105 6.1 6.2 107 107 110 112 115 119 126-7 -
2.1 6 2.2 14 2.3 16 2.4 18 2.5 20 2.6 21 2.7 24 2.8 25 2.9 25 2.10 26 2.11 27 2.12 28 2.13 34 2.14 35 2.15 36 2.16 48 2.17 53 2.18 56 5.1 5.2 5.3 96 97 98-8 -
5.4 99 5.5 100 5.6 101 5.7 101 5.8 102 5.9 103 5.10 104-9 -
1.1 2.1 4 11 2.2 11 2.3 12 2.4 13 2.5 29 2.6 29 2.7 30 2.8 30 2.9 46 2.10 47 2.11 67 3.1 78 4.1 89 4.2 94 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 97 98 98 99 5.5 100 5.6 100 5.7 102-10 -
5.8 103 5.9 104 5.10 104-11 -
1.1 91 WTO AGP - 12 -
1.2 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2-13 -
1.4 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4.3 1.4.4-14 -
1.5 1.1-15 -
2.1 2.1-16 -
2002.10 1 2002 2 2000.10 3.06 4 2003.01 WTO 5 2002 6 75 50 30-17 -
2.2 91 07 03 1 2 ( ) 2.3 1973 2-18 -
87.1 2 165 33,169,533,456 0.04 0.03 11 37 5 2 2 2 18 4 12 30 3 18 1 7 3 9 1 1 1 (1) (Design/Bid/BuildD/B/B)(2) (Design/BuildD/B) 12% - 19 -
33.5%2 2.3.1 Turnkey (Design & Build) 3 (AIA) 1. (Design/Build) 2. Turnkey - 20 -
(ASCE) (A turnkey construction contract) (United Nations Centre on Transnational Corporations.) Turnkey Contracts (FIDIC) (Turnkey) 1993 1. (Design/Build) 2. Turnkey - 21 -
- 22-2.1 2-2 2.1 p-14 DESIGNBUILD
425 56-42.3.2 2.32.4 92 2. 19. 91.2.6 88. 92 4. 5. 26 7. 24 88 5. 21. 2.3-23 -
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2.8 2.9
2.10 3 22 26 60 29 18
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2.4.4 40.12 % 94.5 % 96.77 % 71.08% 17.1% 1.7%
80.3% 15.3% 5 2.5 2.5.1 4 (Architects Act) (Board of Architects) (Practising Certificates)
(Multi-Discipline) (Partnership) (Unlimited corporation) (Corporation) (Multi-Discipline) (Corporation) (Unlimited corporation) (Partnership) 1994 (Corporation) (Unlimited corporation) (Professional Corporations)
2.5.2 (National) (Local) (Mainly for a Carpenter) 1991 3 31 230,692 512,931 11,688 755,291 (1944 Fumio Matsushita) (Professional Corporation) (Civil law) Kojin(Sole Proprietorship) Kumiai(Quasi-Partnership) tokumei kumiai(undisclose Quasi-Partnership) gomei kaisha(partnership Corporation)
goshi kaisha(limited Parnership Corporation) kabushiki kaisha(stock Corporation) yugen kaishn(limited Liability Corporation) 2-17 2.17 32,540 42,170 74,710 34,358 15,945 50,303 1,530 126,543 Research Committee Japan Institute of Architects 1991/09/01 2.5.3 (Architects Registration Ordinance) (Architects Registration Board) (Registration Committee) (Commercial law) (Authorized person) 2.5.4 NCARB(National Council of Architectural registration Boards) (Department of Consumer
Affairs) (The Board of Architect Examiners) 1. 2. 3.S. 4. 1993 (Proprietorship)52% (Partnership)7% General partnership Limited partnership (Corporation) 30% General business corporations Professional corporations 4.S. (S.Corporation) 11%S. 2.5.5
2-18
2.18 2.6 (1) (2) Architects Act The Kenchikushi s Law Architects registration Ordinance Architects Act Civil Law Commercial Law 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4.S. 5. 6.
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31. 2001.10 32. http://www.pcc.gov.tw/2003 33. http://www.cpami.gov.tw/2003 34. http:// law.moj.gov.tw/fl1.asp2003 35. http://www.ncltb.edu.tw/2003 36. http://www.airoc.org.tw/2003 37. http://king.arch.org.tw/taa/2003 38. http://www.arch.nku.edu.tw/2003 39. http://www.ntust.edu.tw/2003 40. http://www.sinotech.org.tw/2003 41. http://www.ceci.org.tw/2003
WTO WTO Architect & Associates WTO WTO WTO WTO WTO WTO
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(02)29695663 92.06.11
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