. 1 : 289-298 2010 Ann. Rept. Food Drug Res. 1 : 289-298 2010 289 (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) (Panax quinquefolium L.) 46 47 PCR-DNA 46 23 9 (39%) 24 2 (8%)47 77% 23 Acquity BEH C 18 2.1 mm 100 mm 1.7 μm -203 nm 4Ginsenoside R g1, Ginsenoside R e, Ginsenoside R f, Ginsenoside R b1 (UPLC) R g1 R b1 R e R f (Ginsenoside R g1 R b1 R e R f ) PCR-DNA (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) (4,5) (Panax quinquefolium L.) (4,5) Panax (1,6) (1,2) (7) (2) (Araliaceae) (Panax) () (7) (6) (8) (Ginsenosides) Ginsenoside-R a -R f - R g2 -R g3 -R 1 Pseudoginsenoside- F 2 -F 11 Quinquenoside R 1 Gypenoside XV II (7) (Ginsenoside R g1 /R b1 ) R g1 /R b1 = 0.56R g1 /R b1 = 0.32Ginsenoside R g1 /R b1 = 0.15( ) (1)
290 93 ㈠ 1. (Olympus BX51) (Evolution/QImaging Digital Camera kit) 2. ( G A - 3 4 0 E R r o t a r y microtome) 3. (Forma Scientific 6512 Vaccum Oven) 4. (Buchi Labortoriums-Technik AG CH-9230 FLAWIL/SCHWEIZ) 5. (CAMAG Temp 20 C~220 C Corning Hot Plate, U.S.A.) 6. 7. (E. Merck Silica gel 60 F254 20 x 20 cm) 8. TLC (Gel Catcher) (Canon G1) 9. ㈡ 1. (Merck) (Kanto) ( L a b - S c a n ) ( R i e d e l dehaen) Safranin O (Sigma) Fastgreen (Wako) Canada Balsam (E. Merck) (Santoku) ( ) (Merck)(Merck) (Alps)HPLC 2. Ginsenoside R g1 (Nacalai Tesque) Ginsenoside R e (Carl Roth) Ginsenoside R f Ginsenoside R b1 (Extrasynthese) ㈢ 96 97 32 61 93 ( 46 11 35 47 23 24 ) ㈠ ㈡ (9) 5% (Paraffin method) safranin O fast-green ㈢ (9) 30% (1 4 5 v/v) 50 C ㈣ ㈤ 1 g 60 3010 ml (7 1 2 v/v) 50 H 2 SO 4 spray reagent 105 C5 UV366 nm ㈥ 1.
291 1 g 60 30 2 10 ml 2. Ginsenoside R g1 Ginsenoside R e Ginsenoside R f Ginsenoside R b1 60 200 ppm 3. 3.1 Waters Acquity UPLC 3.2 Acquity UPLC BEH C18 1.7 μm2.1 100 mm 3.3 203 nm 3.4 20 C 3.5 0.4 ml/min 3.6 2 μl 3.7 Time ACN (%) H 2 O (%) Flow (ml/min) 0.00 20 80 0.4 1.90 20 80 0.4 3.23 23 77 0.4 Time ACN (%) H 2 O (%) Flow (ml/min) 4.06 23 77 0.4 4.56 28 72 0.4 4.90 31 69 0.4 7.20 33 67 0.4 11.00 36 64 0.4 15.00 100 0 0.4 18.00 100 0 0.4 (7) 93 46 471 46 ( ) A B C D A. B. C. D.
292 A B C D A. B. C. D. 1 5 8 2/3 ( ) (8) 120.8 /4.5 10-2 cm 3 2.3 /4.5 10-2 cm 3 46 46 1145 /4.5 10-2 cm 3 ( ) 11 PCR-DNA (3) 6 0 % Ginsenoside R g1 R e R f R b1 (7 1 2 v/v) 50% H 2 SO 4 spray reagent 105 C5 UV 366 nm Ginsenoside R g1 R e R b1 Ginsenoside R f ( ) 3/4 ( )93 46 Ginsenoside R f 47 11Ginsenoside R f 11
293 c cambium ca clustered crystal cx cortex l intercellular space kl cork layer m mark mr medullary ray rc resin canal v vessel A. B. C. D. (D 1 D 2 ( ) D 3 ( ) D 4 )
294 A. B. C. D. (D 1 D 2 ( ) D 3 ( ) D 4 )
295 93 11 PCR-DNA (1) (2)366 nm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. 4. R g1 R e R f R b1 (Ginsenoside R g1 R e R f R b1 ) 5. 6. 7.
296 0.20 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 AU 0.10 0.08 1 2 4 0.06 0.04 3 0.02 0.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 Minutes 0.40 0.38 0.36 0.34 2 4 0.32 0.30 0.28 0.26 0.24 0.22 AU 0.20 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.06 1 0.04 0.02 0.00 Minutes 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 UPLC 1. 4. R g1 R e R f R b1 (Ginsenoside R g1 R e R f R b1 ) PCR-DNA Ginsenoside R f PCR-DNA 47 1123 9393 46 23 9 (39%) 24 2 (8%) 47 77% 23 1. Chuang, W. C., Wu, H. K., Sheu, S. J., Chiou, S. H., Chang, H. C., and Chen, Y. P. 1995. A
297 comparative study on commercial samples of 2004 1 77 ginseng radix. Planta Med. 61(5): 459-465. 2. Chan, T. W., But, P. P., Cheng, S. W., Kwok, I. M., 5. 2005 Lau, F. W., and Xu, H. X. 2000. Differentiation 190 and authentication of Panax ginseng, Panax 6. 2 0 0 2 quinquefolius, and ginseng products by using 751-760 HPLC/MS. Anal. Chem. 72(6): 1281-1287. 7. 3. Lu, K. T., Lee, H. C., Liu, F. S., Lo, C. F., and 1997 ( Lin, J. H. 2010. Identification of ginseng radix ) 576-581 in Chinese medicine preparations by nested 8. 1982 37-47 PCR-DNA sequencing method and nested PCR- restriction fragment length polymorphism. Journal 9. 1998 of Food and Drug Analysis. 18: 58-63. 84-86 4.
298 Identification of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer and Panax quinquefolium L. in Market WEN-HUI CHEN, FANG-SU LIU, CHI-FANG LO AND JER-HUEI LIN Division of Research and Analysis ABSTRACT Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer and P. quinquefolium L. (Araliaceae) are widely used in Chinese medicine as a remedy for a long time. Because of the morphological similarities and analogous chemical composition of Panax species, alternatives and adulterants were found and reported in literatures. In order to identify the botanical origins of commercial Ginseng Radix (P. ginseng) and Panacis Quinquefolii Radix (P. quinquefolium) in Taiwan, 93 samples, purchased from market, were distinguished from authentic materials by morphology, microscopy, TLC (thin layer chromatography), UPLC (Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography) and PCR- DNA sequencing. The results showed that 11 (23%) out of 47 Panacis Quinquefolii Radix samples were P. ginseng, all of 46 Ginseng Radix samples (100%) were correct. Based on the results, the adulteration of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix in market is very serious. Key words Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolium, pharmacognosy, ginsenoside R g1, R b1, R e and R f, UPLC, PCR-DNA