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3 1 3 1 1 4 8 11 17 17 22 45 60 60 65 96 96 105 125 138 159 159 164 179 194 204 209
5 1950 1956 3 1 2 3 3 1948 1950 5 1 3 1956 1
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Abstract The marriage system is a kind of social system that regularizes men and women two sexual behaviors and family relation, it affects everybody in the society. It is situated on the surface of the society life, and is a social indicator of the social change. Therefore, the problem of marriage system becomes one of the important projects within social history researches. This text gives its focus on the great change of Hebei Province s marriage and family in the reform of marriage system in 1950 1956, it comprises foreword and 5 chapters. The foreword primarily introduces the meaning of this project, scholarship history, the theories and methods of research, the reasons of the choosing Hebei Province, and the data. Chapter 1, it primarily introduces the background before the reform of the marriage system. Hebei Province was located in the center district of the feudal king's dynasty for a long period, and suffers the influence of traditional ethics thought deeply. Before the reform of the marriage system from 1950 to 1956, there were primarily 3 kinds of marriage systems in Hebei Province. The first, the traditional marriage system, it has a few features: namely mercenary marriage and marriage upon arbitrary decision by a third party, unequal of man and woman, ignore the son and daughter benefits. It remained predominant position in the whole province. The second, the bourgeois improved marriage system, formally the equality of man and women, and marriage freedom, but in practice it reserved a great quantity of feudalism remains. The third, the new democratic marriage system, it really realizes the sexual equality and marriage freedom. However, these marriage systems were primarily used in the different area. The traditional marriage system occupied the absolute predominant position in the whole province, and the bourgeois improved marriage system was limited in the social upper level in town and the capitalism economy developed area, the new democratic marriage system was practiced in the liberation area. Because there were mostly the old liberation area of revolution, many awakened people and peaceably situation in Hebei Province, when the land reform had been completed in 1948, the marriage and family dispute flowed out, and there were a lot of the cases of women commit suicide and be killed. The troubles of the marriage and family became a serious social problem that obstructed seriously the stability of society and the 3
economy's development, so 1t was urgent very much to reform the old marriage system. Chapter 2, it introduces the content of the new marriage system and the reform process of Hebei Province s marriage system. When the People s Republic of China was established in October 1949, the Chinese society came into a period of transition in which the old order was demolished and the new order was set up. The marriage law of the People s Republic of China came into force upon promulgation on the first of may 1950, it indicated the establishing of the new democratic marriage system, and provided the law basis and target for the reform of the marriage system. The traditional marriage system had been reformed extensively and deeply by the publicity of the marriage law in Hebei Province. In 1956 the feudal marriage system was destroyed, and the new democratic marriage system was established by means of the study and publicity of the marriage law, the month of carrying through the marriage law and usually carry through the marriage law. Chapter 3 and 4, it primarily analyzes how the common people was affected by the reform of the marriage system, and studied what took place in the people s marriage and family life. Such as, on the social idea, the feudal idea, which the women is lowly and the man is respected, the three obedience and the four virtues" etc, was gradually collapsed. The modern idea, which the right of men and women is equal, marriage freedom, etc, was gradually set up. Women had the right to take part in freely every kind of social activity. The marriage purpose that was for the family changed into for individual, the purpose of the marriage offer a sacrifices to an ancestor and give birth to children was replaced by looking for the individual s common life and work companion. The idea of marriage according to be well-matched in social and economic status expanded to choose a spouse by the politics, labor, affection, etc. The marriage way of arrange a match by parents order and on the matchmaker s word had been changed, the people has much or fully right to marriage by themselves. The feudal idea began to change very much that women must only marry a man in her life and preserve chastity after the death of her husband, women s divorce and remarry become the normal phenomenon. Moreover, the bad habits and undesirable customs of the traditional marriage system, for example, early marriage, children wife, bigamy, take concubine, sexual behavior outside conjugal relation, etc, had been abolished on the whole. On the marriage procedure, the traditional six ceremonies with asking the gods for an oracle had been changed very 4
much, and the simplification's civilization wedding was gradually practiced, and the system of registration of marriage had been established, the traditional de facto marriage had changed into legal marriage. On the family relation, the feudal patriarchal system gradually die down, and on the whole the family members enjoyed treatment equally, some old family had been reformed to be the modern style family which is democracy and harmony. Especially women had the equal position of the right of men in her family, and even some women had acquired the power to make decisions of the important family business. But the marriage system reform was not perfect, there were a lot of the influence of the traditional marriage system in the society, such as the women property problem, maltreat children, and abandonment of the old man, etc. Chapter 5, it is a conclusion of the text, and the achievement and defects of the reform are respectively sum up and analyzed in it. In my view, the reform of the marriage system in Hebei Province has mainly succeeded, the new marriage system has been established by the politics and the marriage law. The transform of the marriage system is restricted basically by the mode of production. But the productivity in 1950 1956 was not got outstanding development, the individual producer predominated in the society. In addition, the influence of the traditional marriage system remained in the people thought, etc. So the new marriage system had been just completed, and was not perfect. In a word, the reform of the marriage system in Hebei Province was gone into the midst of the common people and the most grass-roots units by way of the movement. The traditional marriage system was replaced by the modern marriage system, and the common people s marriage and family life had been changed very much, the new social vogue had been set up, and it furthered the politics, the economy and the society life in Hebei Province. Key Words: Early stage of the People s Republic of China Heibei Province Marriage system Reform Research 5
1949 10 1956 1 1949 10 1 1956 2 3 1
1950 5 3 2000 1900 1950 4 1840 1931 3 5 1950 5 1 1953 3 2
6 1956 7 1949 8 1956 1956 1988 5 20 99 51 9 6 132 9 1949 3
1950 10 1929 1937 3 50 4
30 1959 20 80 90 1957 11 20 10 10 12 1 2 3 4 5
1983 1985 13 1987 6 1994 14 1993 7 1995 1983 1988 3 90 1990 8 40 90 1978 1949 20 50 15 1993 1 2 1 6
2 16 3 17 20 60 70 20 (Marilyn B.Young) (Margery Wolf) (Roxane Witke) 70 (Norma Diamond) (Kay Ann Johnson) (Phyllis Andors) (Judith Stacey) (Margery Wolf) 80 7
(Tani E.Barlow) 18 F.R. 1851-1958 19 20 21 8
1950 22 50 3 1950 23 24 9
25 26 27 1950 1978 10
28 1950 29 3 11
30 31 32 1947 1948 1949 8 1 4 132 10 44000 2900 1950 12
1952 1950 5 1956 1952 1955 1956 2 1950 5 1 1956 33 1950 1953 1955 13
1949 20 60 70 50 1 1991 111 2 1985 15 14
3 1994 1 92 4 1991 210 5 7 1959 240 6 2000 5 7 2000 132 8 1995 31 9 1994 3 4 10 1996 506 11 1990 3 12 1992 1992 1990 1990 1991 1994 1994 1949 1999 1999 13 1987 1987 14 14 1993 1986 2001 15 1842 1911 1981 1971 1987 1998 1991 16 1994 2 3 17 1988 6 251 18 1995 262 264 19 7 1989 3 157 20 2002 15 21 1961 60 22 12 1962 756 23 2002 1 21 23 24 1998 8 69 25 2002 2 26 29 15
26 21 1965 78 27 2000 302 28 2002 1 29 2002 5 6 30 4 5 1936 5 1 31 1 1 1933 1 1 32 615 1 68 33 1992 49 16
1 2 3 1953 4 5 17
1937 9 6 1940 8 7 1941 4 8 1940 192 135 70% 5052 139 11 1 140 1 9 10 18
1947 11 1946 6 1948 1951 2000 12 10800 40% 13 60% 14 15 16 18 17 18 19
19 20 5 21 22 2000 20 52 647 23 72 24 25 26 26 1949 234 55% 3 109 27 28 5 22 8 30 3 29 3 4 229 1839 20
30 40 30 963 517 31 1947 1951 16 45 80% 1000 32 33 34 35 36 21
1950 5 3 3 37 1949 43 8 28 510 20 1996 5699.9 2.3 3 1949 1 2 1 38 22
1 2 1 1949 18 16 70 100 10 21 17 75 100 20 10 21 17 200 50 10 26 17 80 120 10 22 24 100 10 20 26 16 18 39 1 2 1 1949 23
40 41 42 2 8 2 8 200 3 100 3 43 30 15 20 18 16 20 18 44 24
1934 70% 4 24% 8 6% 8 4 8 45 16 18 1 2 1 6 42.9% 1948 5 64 12 15 18 3 46 47 10 48 49 50 25
51 1949 1 2 2 1 2 2 1949 35 30 3 38 34 7 16 17 1 2 2 3 4 1949 3 20 9 250 8 16 26
9 250 3 3 52 2 17000 1 53 54 2000 27
55 15 1947 36% 14 9 12 40 56 57 28
1949 30 3 1 58 59 24 7 29% 60 515 8 15 24 61 18 62 20 30 515 505 6 14 29
14 14 63 64 65 66 67 68 30
1 69 70 3 71 9 72 10 73 74 75 12 12 31
76 77 78 1935 541 1 2 3 79 1 2 3 1935 41 76 2 4 20 18 59 13 7 31 61 332 62 32 11 5 1 2 21 2 27 14 32 209 1 2 3 271 3 28% 21.8% 15% 1% 177 3 35% 18.1% 15.3% 6.2% 80 32
3 81 1953 82 3 6 3 1936 124.3 83 1942 61 58255 53.4% 46.5% 15 14993 56.6% 43.9% 84 19 60 85 86 1931 5 5 20 20 1 18 16 2 33
10 3 87 88 [ ] 1933 737 247 33.5% 483 65.3% 34
3 7 0.92% 1934 819 306 37.36% 502 61.3% 11 1.34% 1933 281 35% 1934 343 30% 38% 66.7% 22.42% 17.5% 9.95% 13.12% 3 1933 78.02% 1934 61.79% 1933 75 30 44 3 1 1934 76 36 39 3 2 89 1948 11 12 10 86 83 144 544 90 1936 10 72 70 50 91 287 250 1127 600 2335 322 1 4 92 3 1950 1 2 4 35
1 2 4 1950 5 205 35 38 12 3 5 5 7 1 311 181 10 21 26 12 250 80 32 2 1 83 1 2 4 3 278 89.4% 191 76.4% 80 96.3% 35 13 3 278 73.7% 12.6% 13.7% 3 80 549 14.6% 5 1.6% 1 2 3 36
3 7 2.4% 26 10.4% 2 2.4% 21 8.4% 5 2% 3 93 3 20 19 15 4.9% 19 40 22 9 20 1 0.3% 37
1 1.2% 12 4.8% 1950 94 1950 18 3 95 38
96 39
97 1941 7 7 20 18 98 99 4 4 100 101 1948 40
102 18 5 103 1938 1945 8 2 6 1946 5 3 2 1947 5 2 3 1948 11 2 9 1949 10 4 5 1 104 1947 10 1950 5 92 72 2 15 6 2 5 2 3 105 5.4% 16.3% 20% 1945 41
106 107 1943 4 3 108 1942 1943 85 34 16 17 9 90% 109 1947 10 1950 5 9 1 2 6 4 110 44.4% 50 28 111 42
112 113 11 114 115 1946 116 1949 117 118 119 43
1942 10 182 157 86% 120 121 122 1939 123 124 125 126 127 1942 7 30 11 2 128 10 129 44
130 131 132 133 134 135 1948 136 45
137 1948 1 9 192 140 72% 100% 84% 138 4 3 2772 57% 3591 80% 139 1949 1949 8 1950 4 4 140 60% 82% 141 1947 1948 138 1949 996 1948 10.9% 1949 42.6% 142 1948 10 11 10 143 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 2 4 2 1 1 3 1 9 2 16 11 11 46
21 14 52 4 22 2 1 1949 5 2 10 9 1 9 47
3 2 1949 10 9 144 48
145 1946 37 146 1949 11 1950 1 25 54 136 83 53 41 30.12% 29 21.3% 24 17.72% 23 19 39% 40 91 2.3 14 45 3.2 147 1949 1 11 185 2 1 66 28 14 14 10 3 2 1 1 7 1 23 148 162 40.7% 107 66% 1949 8 1950 4 28 149 1949 1 10 82 49
29 45 8 150 74 62.5% 37.5% 14 1948 1950 3 16 151 152 153 154 50
155 156 1949 157 35 158 159 160 161 51
162 163 16 3 9 5 5 25 18 40 20 164 165 1 2 3 166 1949 176 39 1 167 52
1 168 1948 36 40 12 11 169 1 855 26 27 2 3 1983 92 3 2002 15 4 855 26 27 5 1990 5 6 1989 387 7 1981 1129 8 1985 454 9 2 1991 95 10 1983 445 11 53
1945.10 1949.9 1991 301 12 3 20 13 1997 161 162 14 1948 3 8 15 3 98 16 3 109 17 3 133 18 3 129 135 19 3 272 20 3 27 21 3 102 22 3 70 23 165 24 1949 17 25 1979 15 26 3 133 134 27 200 1949 7 14 28 3 33 29 5 22 1949 8 4 1949 11 13 30 1800 1949 6 4 31 4 116 32 12 2 332 33 4 53 34 54
3 103 35 2 1991 457 36 34 37 4 1936 44 38 704 2 533 39 1996 12 40 6 1932 6 273 274 41 1989 168 42 106 1 78 1 43 855 26 27 44 1940 7 10 45 8 1934 6 5 46 69 1 120 47 499 48 1950 7 24 49 855 26 27 50 855 26 27 51 527 52 855 26 36 53 1945 11 10 54 520 334 55 24 56 935 2 13 57 1939 2 6 58 899 1 1 59 1947 1 26 60 1940 7 11 61 5 1931 6 49 50 62 1947 3 8 63 141 64 1986 309 65 19 1 1 66 899 2 165 67 585 1 50 1 68 55
2 67 69 855 26 27 70 1998 120 71 267 72 899 1 43 73 695 74 855 26 27 75 17 899 2 50 76 855 26 36 77 4 1930 6 6 7 78 899 1 43 79 2 3 1937 3 32 80 221 81 855 26 27 82 855 26 27 83 1937 3 21 84 1 975 976 85 1994 125 86 1929 11 25 87 66 1999 10 17 88 1993 1724 89 2 5 1937 5 14 18 90 1993 12 91 4 1999 578 92 5 1 16 5 2 10 3 3 93 5 1 16 94 899 1 1 95 899 1 1 96 381 293 330 460 403 334 230 148 201 285 357 308 342 227 338 519 529 280 97 28 17 1931 9 30 56
98 4 1984 811 99 4 826 100 1947 1 26 101 572 1 180 15 102 1949 3 19 103 19 1 1 104 855 26 27 105 899 1 43 106 899 2 47 107 19 1 1 108 1943 5 30 109 1943 6 20 110 899 1 43 111 39 112 1945 2 152 113 3 317 114 1945.10 1949.9 17 115 855 26 27 116 1945.10 1949.9 17 117 4 878 118 2 146 119 106 1 78 1 120 2 81 121 4 1982 75 122 1945.10 1949.9 15 123 423 124 3 139 125 1 979 57
126 2 315 316 127 2 288 128 1943 8 24 129 3 162 130 1979 92 131 106 1 78 1 132 1945.10 1949.9 286 133 2 59 134 3 1 93 18 135 1949 10 18 136 586 1 246 137 572 1 180 15 138 86 1 30 1 139 899 1 1 140 1950 7 9 141 4 1949 3 5 142 1949 1950 29 1 3 143 520 1 417 5 3 144 520 1 401 12 145 586 1 58 146 572 1 180 15 147 21 1950 3 5 7 148 21 1950 3 9 149 1950 7 9 150 23 1949 12 15 151 1994 329 152 855 1 23 153 4 178 154 5 1931 6 98 155 12 931 1 97 58
156 69 1 120 157 1949 8 7 158 1940 7 10 11 159 502 160 4 1982 124 161 572 1 180 15 162 4 882 163 1945.10 1949.9 288 164 585 1 19 165 586 1 246 166 586 1 182 167 1950 4 20 168 3 262 169 106 1 78 1 59
1949 10 1 1 1948 1949 60
9 1949 10 2 41 3 1950 4 13 7 4 30 1950 5 1 8 27 4 5 61
1950 4 30 6 7 8 62
16 14 9 10 1 9 4 4 4 11 12 20 18 63
13 14 15 16 64
17 1916 364 18 19 65
1950 5 1 1952 12 1950 5 16 20 21 1 2 3 22 6 6 6 23 24 66
25 3 3000 5 5 6 26 20 27 30 20 18 1 20 78 6 52 28 6 2 23 24 126 28 25 67
61 61 44 13 47 23 33 4 1 6 1 15 2 29 22.2% 13.3% 16.7% 8 27 2100 1 6 23 2 3 30 31 21 30 80% 20% 68
31 32 33 1950 5 1951 6 79198 46641 58.89% 14 34 602 82.4% 92.5% 35 36 37 1951 10 12 7 5 26 69
12 275 8 3 38 12 7 29 12 12 39 40 10 12 9 26 41 10 5 10 19 26 42 70
43 10 53800 401 45576 38 700 131155 44 39% 45 11 430 384 89.3% 19 46 1951 1952 8 60000 47 48 71
49 1950 5 50 12 8 8 9 12 1951 10 27 1948 3000 700 1158 50 13 72
6 4 51 8 12 10 22 52 17 8 33 8 13 4 53 10 11 1953 3 54 3 1953 2 55 73
1950 5 1 1952 56 57 1951 58 59 51 11 90 60 1 1953 168 18 74
686 24 38 19 61 62 63 64 1951 11 27 65 1950 6 80% 66 1950 1951 67 75
68 69 70 71 72 73 1952 11 1953 3 76
74 1953 2 75 2 18 76 1952 11 77 12 1953 1 12 7 1953 2 2 6 3 78 79 2 22 5 1 2 3 77
4 5 3 1 2 80 3 3 3 1 10 81 5 18 103 82 78
25 20 83 80% 60 84 85 11 165000 16000 86 48 87 5 1953 88 79
1953 1 2 195 16 5 1 89 3 10 4 15 90 192 166 32 9 23 3 4 10 1 91 3 2 2 1 6 32 6 154 2359 15 16 3 11 1 2 2 3 18708 785 12384 12 2 9 44 5 18 25000 2300 2160 52 12 80
275 125 855 9 13 8 15 15 30 748 3 2 2 1 12 19 5 6 92 9 81
50 93 2 2 2 236 117 95 97 86 159 88 107 60 144 132 94 2 2 2 95 82
96 3 160 162 160 28768 287 1111 10 651 10 140 5 110 2 3 170 1 150 90% 95% 97 98 32 3 14 15 83
13 16 3 99 53.1% 90.6% 9 6 40 100 3 25 101 102 4 15 5000 1 2 3 103 4 3 7 6044 19.4% 17167 55.7% 6983 22.5% 699 2.2% 104 70% 84
7 3 67664 105 5 4 22793 17076 38298 106 107 108 2 10 4 15 300 128 172 1 7 2 45 3 248 3 300 109 9 4 5 110 3 128 500 1952 1000 85
3 3 28 120 41 1949 24 1950 17 43 111 9 112 113 1953 114 5 3 1953 5 1953 3 115 86
1953 116 117 118 119 120 87
121 143 1954 37 13 24 122 1955 5 123 1952 2 88
124 125 126 1953 1 2 127 128 4 9 3 8 129 89
1953 9 1953 1 6 10 25 7 10 1 10 130 1953 9 54 2 1 93 1954 1 5 15 2 4 1954 1956 1954 1 111 2 109 3 97 4 81 1955 1 88 2 48 3 71 4 70 1956 125 132 132 1954 48 1953 8 18 8 10 28 10 133 1956 131 90
134 1 1 1984 236 2 1 234 3 2001 5 65 4 1998 200 5 1951 18 6 1950 5 1 7 1979 207 8 1998 107 9 8 1999 438 10 1993 218 11 8 442 12 217 13 225 219 195 14 201 15 496 16 650 489 17 8 444 18 115 19 1950 4 16 20 864 1 24 21 1950 5 24 22 1950 7 9 23 935 2 30 24 10 1951 3 8 25 935 2 30 26 1994 270 27 1950 10 24 91
28 270 29 1950 7 16 30 935 2 13 31 899 1 43 32 899 1 43 33 864 1 24 34 1951 10 17 35 935 2 13 36 935 2 30 37 74 1951 11 20 38 864 2 17 39 1951 7 29 40 1951 8 5 41 4 6 1951 10 1244 42 931 7 25 43 931 7 25 44 1951 4 907 1 128 45 864 2 17 46 1951 4 907 1 128 47 907 1 213 48 4 6 1951 10 1244 49 1951 10 17 50 931 1 97 51 1951 12 11 52 1951 12 11 53 855 1 153 54 899 1 43 55 899 1 43 56 855 26 28 57 864 2 17 58 899 2 44 59 855 26 36 60 772 1 41 61 855 26 36 62 931 1 97 63 772 2 76 64 12 855 26 26 65 5 855 26 37 92
66 31 1950 6 6 67 855 1 153 68 864 2 17 69 907 1 128 70 899 2 47 71 146 1953 2 18 19 72 907 1 128 73 1952 9 1 74 136 1952 12 4 75 1953 2 2 76 1953 3 80 77 855 1 153 78 899 1 43 79 899 1 43 80 855 26 28 81 145 1953 2 6 82 899 1 43 83 2 899 2 50 84 3 899 2 50 85 907 1 213 86 4 899 2 50 87 1953 2 5 88 864 1 45 89 899 1 43 90 907 2 27 91 855 26 36 92 855 26 36 93 855 26 36 94 855 26 36 95 855 26 36 96 855 26 36 93
97 855 26 36 98 855 26 36 99 855 26 36 100 855 26 29 101 855 2 306 102 855 2 439 103 159 1953 5 27 104 899 1 43 105 899 2 47 106 899 1 43 107 899 2 47 108 19 1 7 109 899 1 43 110 5 2 10 111 1953 161 45 112 855 26 31 113 899 2 47 114 855 26 28 115 30 1953 4 5 2 13 116 899 1 53 117 29 1953 4 5 2 13 118 935 2 95 119 102 120 935 2 113 121 159 1953 5 27 122 899 2 66 123 211 124 907 1 128 125 907 1 213 126 899 2 47 127 907 2 38 128 1953 159 24 129 935 2 95 94
130 935 2 63 131 935 2 95 132 935 2 93 935 2 114 935 2 139 133 1954 935 2 95 134 935 2 138 95
1 2 3 3 4 96
5 1951 40 6 15 7 97
18 4 20 8 9 9 10 240 24 20 8 4 120 5 6 50 14 40 250 10 98
R.F.Winch 11 1950 1953 12 13 1952 99
9 14 15 1953 3 366 16 17 18 19 20 100
1953 21 1955 20 38 41 74 22 1955 21 18 28 41 1954 19 23 24 25 101
80 1956 31 15 4 7 5 83.9% 16.1% 26 27 70 100 28 1955 1953 1955 6 28 23 9 43.5% 11 48% 3 8.5% 29 102
30 31 32 1953 33 18 34 103
1954 35 1952 850 10 36 6 10 3 4 37 4 38 21 18 39 104
40 3 3 1953 1955 41 3 3 2 1 3 2 1 16 8 12 2 4 8 2 5 105
24 9 4 4 8 4 42 10 7 3 12 42 1 2 3 3 44.4% 64.6% 71.2% 60% 3 24 13 7 5 3 1953 43 4 39 90.6% 43 1953 73 40 6 11 1 50% 3 2 2 44 3 2 1 106
45 3 2 2 40 27 6 6 27 46 53 20 1 10 2 10 1 1 10 1 1 16 3 18.7% 46 1953 1955 6 469 467 98.7% 2 1.3% 47 48 107
22.2% 24.3% 16.9% 8 6 10.8% 10.9% 33.3% 49 23 23 60 18 3 3 20 90 50 3 2 3 3 2 3 108
40 45.7% 54.3% 50 26% 64% 10% 60 34.9% 63.5% 1.6% 70 17.8% 82.2% 80 27.1% 72.9% 538 50 26% 64% 3 2 1 3 2 3 40 54% 50 10% 3 2 1 10% 1953 1955 5 1953 5 195 430 306 543 1050 907 1938 180 598 5 5 1567 2267 2878 51 3 2 4 3 2 4 1953 5 109
50 3 6 2 8 3 8 3 9 2 36 15 51 2 6 3 10 3 4 2 3 3 23 7 52 4 6 5 10 2 5 9 1 5 22 1 5 1955 5 488 265 255 52 1953 1955 3 2 5 3 2 5 1955 5 53 23 6 54 26 2 55 11 4 9 3 23 4 4 3 2 4 110
1950 1952 27.2% 18.2% 36.3% 42.1% 58.8% 58.8% 25% 40% 90% 5 0.38% 0.91% 1.79% 3 2 5 1953 4 1953 1955 5 14.8% 1955 1 5 11 4 1955 1 5 36.4% 1953 1951 1 9 104 53 1952 12 33 7 8 17 6 1 1 14 11 54 1953 3 5 55 3 14 111
56 57 58 59 1952 15 4 4 112
1952 18 3 4 16 19 4 23 1938 70 60 1952 1 6 61 113
1950 10 1951 4 8 26 62 5 63 114
80% 64 65 3 2 4 1950 1952 54.5% 54.5% 40% 15.8% 17.7% 11.8% 75% 60% 10% 5 67.9% 69.7% 78.6% 66 67 1953 1955 5 3 2 5 78.6% 96% 100% 9 1953 75% 67.9% 68 3 1 115
2 3 69 1953 3 2 4 1950 1952 18.2% 27.2% 33.3% 42.1% 23.5% 29.3% 5 28.7% 23.2% 0.36% 2 1951 11 4 4 1000 70 1953 3 2 5 1953 1955 5 20.8% 0.77% 0% 1955 14.8% 25% 3 116
1951 1 500 946 877 20 114 71 937 2035 1691 464 1077 821 121 247 213 495 1037 746 65 128 85 95 217 146 4900 1945 300 24 45 42 300 83 72 20 20 90 3 2 6 73 3 2 6 589 32 5.4 237 40.2 270 45.8 42 7.1 8 1.4 20 1 1 100 30 7 2 28.6 5 71.4 40 33 1 3 2 6.1 16 48.5 14 42.4 117
50 68 2 2.9 15 22.1 33 48.5 16 23.5 2 2.9 60 108 2 1.9 37 33.9 64 59.3 3 2.8 2 1.9 70 156 12 7.7 59 37.8 82 52.5 1 0.6 2 1.3 80 200 14 7 118 59 65 32.5 2 1 1 0.5 1990 16 1 6.3 6 37.5 7 43.8 1 6.3 1 6.3 428 50 1953 50 3 25% 48.5% 23.5% 1953 1955 50 1950 1956 1948 50 1951 10 1 16 1000 118
74 1950 1951 1951 9 9 15 168 21 12 17 10 8 134 14 75 70 37 76 1953 20 18 20 18 18 20 77 1950 1952 27 5 3 2 54 10% 78 6 17 79 1955 5 1953 1955 12 4 23.3% 865 119
27 18 2% 4 22.2% 1949 17.84 17.60 17.88 1953 18.42 19.68 18.27 1980 1979 23.15 24.44 21.98 1949 1953 21.31 21.34 21.28 2.89 1.66 3.01 1964 22.78 23.17 22.98 3.59 2.36 3.01 80 1951 11 81 1952 15 13 23 1951 18 82 1953 1952 27 12 15 1951 2 120
5 33.3% 14 7 1951 12 83 16 9 9 1953 5 84 85 749 164 585 86 87 1955 5 1956 1955 11 15 10 15 88 121
89 90 1951 5 17 91 92 1951 93 1950 94 1953 1948 3 4 1948 1952 11 12 4 1953 3 122
95 2 1953 3 96 1956 97 1953 4 123
15 98 1953 1953 1955 5 60 33 1952 400 99 100 3 124
1953 3 3 1 1955 5 1955 2 1950 1956 101 3 3 2 3 3 1 1953 5 50 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 6 2 51 5 1 4 5 2 2 1 8 8 52 2 3 2 3 2 6 4 4 3 5 1 2 8 2 5 3 3 2 1950 1956 1950 44775 73531 73.5% 1951 34229 56042 56% 23.6% 1952 4311 7998 53.9% 87.4% 1953 4741 12539 37.8% +10% 1954 50325 92647 54.3% +96.1% 1955 46046 81156 57% 9% 1956 39167 59745 66% 14.9% 270 3 3 1 3 3 3 2 1952 1953 125
1951 1953 1954 543 13 2.4% 180 12 6.7% 5 1567 22 1.4% 1941 5 5 1951 1953 10 5 102 13 3 10 12 4 9 5 22 126
1953 3 3 3 103 3 3 3 1950 1952 1950 1 1 8 21 1 2 4 8 2 48 1951 3 2 23 66 1 1 8 10 1 3 1 2 121 1952 1 81 2 2 5 167 1 1950 2 1952 3 3 3 199 21 12 9 8 7 4 104 1956 1 6 331 234 71% 41% 32% 14% 13% 105 1953 127
1950 1951 1953 3 25% 200 30 32 20 3 1952 13 4 3 3 2 100 500 4 30.8% 57.1% 41 5 500 106 1952 1 11 5 4 1 107 108 20 109 128
110 111 1952 19 1950 80 4 50 209 112 21 1951 10 497 113 114 50 5 3 3 3 300 5 5 115 1953 1952 1 11 167 9 81 70 9 5 1953 9 5 2 2 116 20 129
1 12 2 2 3 1 4 2 5 2 1 117 3 3 3 2 7 35 15 118 1951 1952 119 1950 5 1951 10 497 306 76 23 39 160 120 3 1955 2 183 129 118 9 54 1955 2 1954 1 6 69 22 121 1956 1955 24 1 130
2 3 122 123 1953 1953 1955 6 94 63 11 2 15 79 84% 15 16% 124 1956 1 6 234 1953 1953 44% 1 29% 2 19% 3 14% 4 11% 5 27% 125 1953 33% 1956 7 8 81 44 54.3% 131
126 1953 1 2 3 4 3 1 127 128 129 29 42 1952 7 130 132
131 50 100 30 3 10 132 133 134 1955 3 3 2 1954 3 3 1 1953 1950 3 1 33.3% 2 0 1951 5 5 100% 2 1 50% 1952 5 6 120% 8 2 25% 133
1952 5 2 51 5 12 1952 25 60 14 40 16 6 135 25 40 50 20 6 3 134
3 2 1 42.9% 33.3% 1953 1952 3 1953 25 136 2 1 2 137 138 3 2 45 12 46 45 14.3% 135
7 3 7 5 139 1 1955 30 45 10 3 20 20 33 6 136
140 3 141 1917 3 1920 4 43000 1928 142 6 1935 1 1937 9 202 70 143 137
1953 5 2000 1951 11 11 144 93 47 4 139 5 4 8 9 3 3 4 5 10 144 3000 145 24 146 1952 50 18 39 138
147 148 1 149 150 2 3 151 4 152 1955 5 139
1953 153 100 30 50 3 5 100 1956 56 154 32 1953 1960 54 155 156 1950 5 3 140
157 15 20 18 17 158 1951 1952 143 1871 316 17% 159 3 2 2 73 27 35.6% 1950 6 12 322 371 1952 684 366 1953 1096 585 160 1950 90% 161 141
162 120 1 163 10 164 165 166 1955 3 165 142 23 14% 167 1954 2 93.88% 6.12% 168 142
169 15 170 6 3 3 171 172 173 1 5 143
4 174 1950 5 1949 12 175 1950 12 176 1953 177 3 180 12 6 178 179 144
30 6 10 180 8 10 181 1953 11 27 100 1100 182 183 184 145
185 1951 186 187 1953 6 188 189 1952 10 190 1953 34 191 192 3 146
1955 5 710 200 193 194 3 195 3 196 1953 35 51.44% 197 198 147
3 3 4 1 199 20 40 80 3 4 2 200 3 4 1 20 40 80 40 2.9% 62.9% 34.2% 50 6% 4% 78% 8% 4% 60 9.5% 17.5% 69.8% 1.6% 1.6% 70 1.1% 12% 35.8% 51.1% 80 10.4% 18.8% 29.2% 39.5% 2.1% 539 3 4 1 50 50 40 34.2% 50 4% 60 3 4 2 20 1 100% 30 7 85.7% 14.3% 40 32 93.8% 6.3% 50 65 83.2% 13.8% 1.5% 1.5% 60 104 75% 17.3% 3.8% 1% 1% 1.9% 70 154 57.8% 28.6% 7.1% 1.3% 1.3% 3.9% 80 198 44.4% 33.8% 19.8% 0.5% 1.5% 1990 15 20% 40% 33.3% 6.7% 148
436 594 576 97% 572 96.3% 3 4 2 50 4 50 1990 50 50 3 1 1990 12 2 1 1956 183 3 1998 154 155 4 1953 3 3 5 855 26 27 6 772 1 41 7 1952 9 8 8 1951 11 4 9 855 26 27 10 1951 9 26 11 1987 48 12 855 26 27 13 899 2 44 14 9 772 1 58 15 935 2 138 16 855 26 36 149
17 899 2 66 18 899 2 66 19 21 1965 95 20 9 772 1 58 21 899 2 66 22 899 2 66 23 899 2 66 24 899 2 66 25 899 2 165 26 899 2 109 27 896 2 112 28 899 2 109 29 899 2 66 30 19 1 13 31 5 2 10 32 896 2 112 33 21 90 34 899 1 43 35 899 2 66 36 1953 2 4 37 1953 4 9 38 855 26 29 39 5 1 16 40 855 26 27 41 5 1 16 5 2 10 3 42 1953 2 51 43 5 2 10 44 5 2 12 45 2 5 2 10 46 5 1 16 47 899 2 66 48 1953 2 52 49 150
19 1 8 50 1993 538 51 5 855 26 27 52 899 2 66 53 907 1 128 54 899 1 43 55 899 2 47 56 10 5 2 10 57 855 26 36 58 1953 3 14 59 899 2 66 60 1953 2 52 61 899 1 43 62 1951 11 4 63 855 26 27 64 899 26 27 65 31 899 2 50 66 899 2 47 67 855 26 27 68 899 2 44 69 855 26 27 70 1951 11 28 71 855 26 49 72 4 899 2 66 73 1993 428 74 151
864 2 17 75 1951 11 12 76 1953 3 27 77 855 26 27 78 855 26 27 79 5 855 26 27 80 1991 100 81 855 1 101 82 1952 5 7 83 772 1 41 84 1953 2 23 85 13 899 2 50 86 17 16 899 2 50 87 4 5 2 13 88 899 2 92 89 5 1 16 90 899 2 44 91 855 2 438 92 1951 29 1 6 93 855 26 36 94 899 1 1 95 931 4 99 96 899 1 43 97 899 2 92 98 19 1 8 99 899 2 66 100 21 96 101 1994 270 102 50 772 1 41 103 855 26 27 104 855 26 27 105 899 2 92 106 935 2 63 107 855 26 27 152
108 4 1951 11 28 109 931 1 97 110 1951 29 1 6 111 5 1 16 112 1 1999 806 113 1 728 114 19 1 7 115 3 1 1950 11 67 116 855 26 27 117 899 1 43 118 899 2 66 119 855 26 49 120 1 728 121 899 2 66 122 899 2 109 123 899 2 92 124 899 2 66 125 899 2 92 126 899 2 92 127 1998 237 128 855 26 27 129 5 1 16 130 125 1952 10 17 18 131 855 1 101 132 855 26 27 133 772 1 41 134 899 2 44 135 1952 2 23 136 12 899 2 50 137 855 26 27 138 864 2 17 139 931 3 679 140 151 141 1930 1 7 142 1930 8 29 143 656 3 1071 153
144 931 7 25 145 4 899 2 66 146 4 899 2 66 147 1952 6 27 148 855 26 31 149 1951 10 3 150 855 26 27 151 855 26 27 152 5 855 26 27 153 935 2 113 154 899 2 109 155 899 4 25 156 935 2 138 157 8 1 1 158 1951 6 19 159 855 26 36 160 1953 935 2 95 161 899 2 44 162 1953 935 2 95 163 899 2 44 164 1953 935 2 95 165 855 26 27 166 5 1 16 167 899 2 109 168 1954 935 2 95 169 899 2 47 170 1951 4 907 1 128 171 1953 935 2 95 172 1987 84 173 7 174 1997 59 175 1949 12 18 176 955 1 51 177 1954 736 737 154
178 772 2 76 179 855 26 27 180 2000 267 268 181 145 1953 2 22 182 1953 12 11 183 899 2 66 184 899 2 44 185 899 2 44 186 1951 10 23 187 17 899 2 50 188 8 1 1 189 855 26 36 190 1952 10 27 191 855 2 438 192 5 855 26 27 193 899 2 66 194 899 2 66 195 899 2 165 196 5 1 16 197 5 2 20 198 1953 935 2 95 199 1993 539 200 1993 436 155
1 2 1953 90% 20% 10% 1951 1955 5 25 41 27 45 1953 1955 85 57 164 3 156
1950 3 8 1952 3 10 80% 7 42 52.3% 4 1954 2036 46.9% 5 1956 2 801 98.4% 6 7 1956 24249 19957 82.3% 8 1953 543 1050 907 175 224 208 200 195 430 306 66 82 79 79 180 598 250 250 9 4 1 1 4 1 1 1950 1952 1950 12 350 40 339 73 4 1951 12 393 34 379 38 1 1952 13 401 22 388 20 1 1950 1 102 1 100 13 3 1 1951 1 106 1 102 12 2 1 1952 1 108 1 103 12 1 1 157
1950 1 2 165 7 153 16 2 2 1951 1 2 168 1 153 16 2 2 1952 1 2 168 1 154 18 2 2 3 4 1 1 1950 3 1950 350 1952 401 394 108 148 44.2% 35.3% 67.2% 3 1078 528 48% 1953 10 11 621 191 31% 6 66 40 40 28 12 40 11 158
1954 8000 55% 60% 10 1953 3 41 8 11 1953 30 70 12 60 13 12 17 1951 1952 1953 283 1 4 466 1952 12000 13 14 159
1 1% 22 2% 1953 1950 3 7 5 15 1956 85509 20000 65% 43 94.6% 1296 16 17 160
18 19 1953 4 1 1 1950 1952 100 102 103 70% 45% 153 153 154 60% 1950 339 1952 388 18 60 418 348 95% 13 12 2 4 1953 4 16 14 1950 73 1952 20 76% 3 161
2 20 3 1953 10 3 1 37 31 83.78% 2 10 30 5 13.5% 3 1 2.7% 21 6 3 20% 1955 5 162
12 2 2 2 4 4 22 23 1953 24 163
1952 200 32 13 3 25 26 27 1990 56 64 50 19.3% 44.36% 20.18% 12.28% 3.86% 28.81% 40.5% 15% 15.48% 0.19% 28 164
29 1951 30 4 1 1 3 1950 7 1952 4 42.9% 165
1 2 2 4 1946 31 3 1952 1 1 2 13 1950 12 1952 1 32 1953 6 1 15 3 4 30 3 166
6 33 3 4 1 1 1950 5 1952 3 40% 31 30 10 2 34 1953 1955 5 4 2 1 35 4 2 1 1955 5 409 23 5.6% 365 89.5% 21 5.9% 72 0 0 62 86.1% 10 13.9% 265 36 13.5% 206 77.7% 23 8.7% 167
255 5 1.9% 234 92.2% 16 5.9% 4 2 1 5.6% 13.5% 1.9% 89.5% 86.5% 77.7% 92.2% 5.9% 13.9% 8.7% 5.9% 2 3 3 1953 3 3 21 10 4 3 1 23 7 5 3 5 3 10 5 1 17 10 168
6 4 5 1954 98 62 36 1957 6 210 190 9 3 37 38 1955 1 10 3 528 476 52 5% 53 10% 1950 7 169
3 5 4 20 17 39 1951 26 2 40 1950 1952 3 21 18 166 10 13 10 12 41 11 12 11 20 14 18 170
1950 1951 1953 4 42 1951 8 9 43 1950 9 1951 6 11 44 45 46 1953 47 171
8 48 49 1950 5 1950 1952 6000 50 2000 1000 51 1951 7 29 12 1950 10 1951 7 14 52 4 2 2 4 2 2 14 27 34* 32 18* 35 23* 1950 10 1950 11 7 1 10 6 6 7 172
32* 51 29 30* 43 22* 26* 41 6 6 6 4 7 6 3 4 4 2 2 1950 10 1951 7 14 2 12 7 * 85.7% 5 1 1951 53 1952 1955 1952 14 1953 12 1954 10 1955 6 3 42 3 18 18 8 10 42.85% 17 17 8 9 40.47% 7 7 5 2 16.68% 54 21 21 5 1951 173
1952 106 9 8 1 97 23 20 25 2 5 5 2 1 1 8 4 55 51 31 20 48.1% 29.3% 18.9% 1949 185 1952 9 300 1953 93 71 6 4 1 2 27 22 1 2 3 4 21 56 71 6 8.5% 22 31% 40% 70 1954 4 5 7 1951 12 7 3 1 5 2 2 57 3 21 10 5 23 174
3 3 1 74 20 2 74 5 24 3 66 5 2 17 12 2 4 600 720 900 220 5 17 43 4 24 57 7 3 2 1 4 2 1 1 3 1 3 2 7 58 175
1950 6000 2700 9000 59 1953 1950 60 61 62 176
63 1953 6 6 4 3 64 65 66 1955 1648 59 3.5% 96.5% 67 17 177
68 69 1954 70 1953 71 4 3 1 432 19 5 4 3 4 3 313 15 4 2 3 2 2 2 1 8 9 4 3 1 4.4% 4.7% 26.5% 17.6% 178
3 72 80% 73 1953 74 6 18 6 3 4 5 4 1460 6 5 6 30 30 150 4 6 75 179
76 77 78 10 79 1953 80 1951 6 1952 10 7 180
13 5 81 1 82 83 84 1955 15 3 3 1 8 8 3 300 10 10 3 1500 10 85 181
86 1951 1940 5 10 87 1954 88 2 89 12 90 1 182
2 100 3 300 1953 4 11 4 6 3 39 10 11 183
91 1955 92 1950 1956 184
93 1952 29705 96% 14 10 98% 4 100% 94 1956 25% 95 1955 5 218 96 4 3 2 4 3 2 1953 218 18 8.2% 185 84.9% 15 6.9% 1955 218 22 10.1% 186 85.3% 10 4.6% 218 1953 1955 18 22 22% 185 186 1% 15 10 33% 1953 5 5 4 1953 1955 1 6 185
1957 1952 452 609 6% 1949 85.03% 8.21% 6.76% 1957 47.85% 41.3% 10.85% 97 1 1994 115 2 899 1 53 3 1997 248 249 4 1952 10 2 5 1954 17 1 3 6 1995 92 95 7 899 2 56 8 250 9 855 26 27 3 10 899 2 165 11 899 1 43 12 855 26 36 13 935 2 95 14 6 899 2 56 186
15 1950 899 1 27 16 215 17 899 2 56 18 12 855 26 26 19 1993 5 1 20 899 1 43 21 899 2 56 22 899 2 92 23 899 2 165 24 899 2 44 25 899 1 43 26 772 2 76 27 899 2 56 28 170 29 899 1 43 30 1951 12 7 31 899 1 43 32 1953 4 17 33 6 1953 6 20 34 899 1 43 35 899 2 66 3 36 899 2 66 37 899 2 109 38 899 2 92 39 899 2 109 40 931 1 97 41 855 26 49 42 12 899 2 50 43 1951 10 11 44 6 1951 10 11 45 855 26 49 46 855 1 101 47 855 26 31 187
48 1951 10 11 49 19 1 5 50 1999 240 241 51 145 1953 2 11 52 931 1 97 53 74 1951 11 22 54 899 2 66 55 855 26 49 56 1953 8 1 1 57 935 2 95 58 899 2 66 59 1949 899 1 1 60 899 1 1 61 5 2 10 62 13 899 2 50 63 772 2 64 64 10 1953 3 5 2 10 65 855 26 29 66 9 5 2 10 67 5 2 10 68 14 5 2 13 69 9 1 13 70 899 1 53 71 8 9 5 2 10 72 899 1 53 73 1953 3 18 74 141 1953 1 28 75 1953 4 11 76 1953 4 1 77 5 2 10 78 19 1 13 79 772 2 64 80 1953 4 13 81 1 1999 802 188
82 13 899 2 50 83 5 2 16 84 5 2 10 85 19 1 13 86 5 1 16 87 10 1951 11 12 88 899 2 92 89 19 1 13 90 19 1 13 91 187 1953 10 7 10 92 935 2 113 93 12 899 2 56 94 899 1 53 95 190 96 899 2 66 97 1993 420 189
1950 1956 1 2 1953 3 1950 5 1953 3 1953 4 1956 1952 1528 1953 5809 1954 5 31496 1955 12 10 71% 3 1956 4 1953 4 190
191
1953 1956 5 5 1 1 1953 1956 1953 90334 5312 2198 2421 693 256 1954 162965 12949 2235 8752 2006 263 1955 131396 6907 1122 4426 1357 110 1956 239746 11585 1857 8026 1697 247 1953 1954 1955 1956 5 1 1 1953 1955 1956 192
2.4% 1.4% 0.9% 0.8% 2.7% 5.4% 3.4% 3.3% 0.3% 0.2% 0.08% 0.1% 3 1 2 3 6 1953 71 1180 7 8 193
9 10 11 194
1931 5 1949 4 1950 5 3 1 2 195
12 3 1949 13 14 196
15 197
16 17 18 19 198
20 1 27 1972 477 2 1953 4 1979 82 3 1995 92 4 4 1995 81 5 1953 935 2 95 1954 935 2 93 1955 935 2 114 1956 935 2 139 6 899 1 53 7 899 1 43 8 907 2 27 9 1953 4 24 10 4 1995 63 11 145 1953 2 8 12 907 3 258 13 1988 3 14 1994 3 15 2002 290 16 1998 573 17 1990 385 18 2000 131 19 J 1993 651 20 1998 199 199
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 1 3 1991 2 1961 200
3 1991 4 1 4 1999 5 66 1999 6 1989 7 1984 8 1993 9 1997 10 1986 11 1996 12 1991 13 1994 14 1997 15 1999 16 1 4 1983 17 1951 18 1953 19 1983 20 1985 21 201
1990 22 1979 23 1998 24 1986 25 1993 26 1994 27 1999 28 1946 29 1936 30 2000 31 1998 32 1990 33 1 4 1982 34 1984 35 1993 36 1993 37 38 1981 39 1 4 1991 40 1985 41 1989 42 1979 43 1945.10 1949.9 1991 202
44 2000 45 1954 1 1995 2 1949 3 1929 1949 1990 4 2002 5 2000 132 6 1994 7 1994 8 1998 9 1995 10 2002 11 1990 12 2001 13 1987 14 1992 15 1959 16 1995 17 2002 18 1997 19 2000 20 1998 21 1996 22 1996 23 1988-1989 24 J 1993 203
25 ---- 1996 26 1998 27 1998 4 28 1990 29 1994 30 1998 31 2000 32 1 10 1999 33 1991 1 1994 1 2 1988 6 3 1989 7 4 2002 1 5 1998 8 6 2002 2 7 2002 1 8 2002 5 9 2001 5 10 1993 5 11 1936 5 12 1940 7 13 1934 8 14 1931 5 204
1992 2000 3 2000 205
2003 4 25 15 206 206
207