1 New public gement, NPM 2 3 Caiden 4 1 38 81 448 2 88 3 90 74 4 74 1
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3
9 9 http://www.cpa.gov.tw/new/qa-15b.html90.8.10 4
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22 23 24 25 26 27 22 35 1 87.1 2 23 24 87 757-760 25 26 56 90.2 53-54 27 8
28 29 30 31 32 33 34 28 61 90.7 2 29 30 31 32 33 1. 2. 34 26 54 9
10 35 36 37 35 ( ) ( ) 79 217 36 35 217-218 37 15 296
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41 42 43 41 42 43 87.6 145-146 12
13
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44 44 80 89.9 12 15
45 45 75 881-882 16
46 46 http://www.exam.gov.tw/important/important_1.htm90.8.10 17
47 48 49 47 8 48 82 130 49 18-19 18
merit system 50 profession career service 50 44 89.2 39 19
51 52 53 51 1 491 52 88 189-195 53 1635-41 20
21
54 55 54 85.7 23 55 22
56 56 85 61 23
24 1-1
57 58 59 (cross-sectional design) 57 78 20-21 58 : 82 51 59 228-229 25
60 Louis M. Rea and Richard A Parker 61 n = Z 2 á[p(l-p)]n Z 2 á[p(l-p)]+(n-1)c 2 P n= Z= N= C P = 60 61 Louis M. Rea and Richard A Parker.Desingning and Conducting Survey Research. San Francisco:Jossey-Bass publishers,1997,pp.119. 26
1602 95 0.05 0.5 310 310 5 266 39 62 Microsoft Excel 750 (standardized open-ended interview) 62 27
1-1 1-1 28
29
30
31
32
33
(Personnel Administration) 63 64 (W.F. Willoughby) 65 (H.A. Simon) 66 (O. Glen Stahl) 63 16 5 64 16 65 W.F Willoughby, The Principles of Public Administration.Baltimore : John's Hopkins Press, 1927,p221. 66 Herbert A. Simon, Donald W. Smithburgeand Victor A. Thoms on, Public Administration.New York : Afred A. Knopf,1950,p342. 34
67 (M.E. Dimock) (staff function) 68 (F.A. Nigro) 69 70 71 72 73 67 O. Glenn Stahl, Public Personnel Administration.New York: Harper,and Row Publishers,1962,p.l5. 68 Marshall E. Dimock,and Gladys O. Dimock, Public Administration, ed., New York : Holt, Rinehart & Winston lnc.,1969,p.216. 69 Felix A. Nigro, Public Personnel Administration.New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1959,p36. 70 68 6 71 80 6 72 82 7-8 73 82 2-3 35
74 74 31 9-10 36
75 76 77 78 75 76 77 78 21 3 84.9 34 Mondy, R.W.,and Noe, R. M. Presonnel: The mmanagement of human resources. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1987.p4. Singer,M.G. Human resource management. Boston:PWS-KENT publishing company, 1990.p3. Byars,L.L.,and Rue, L.W.Human Resource Management. Homewood, Illinois:lRWlN,1991.p6. 37
79 (K. Legge) 80 (D. Torrington) 81 82 79 Armstrong, M. Human Resource Management:Strategy,and Action. London:Kogan. page.p13. 80 Legge, K. Human resource management: A critcal analysis. ln J. Storey ed., New perspepctives on human resources management. London: Routledge.1989.pp.19-40. 81 Torrington, D. Human resource management and the personnel function. in T. storey (Ed.),New perspectives on human resource management. London: Routledge.1989.pp.56-66. 82 Armstrongop.cit.,22-23 38
(acquisition management) (develop- ment management) (compensation management) (maintenance management) 83 2-1 2-1 84 11 83 84 25-27 39
40
41
(inefficiency) (ineffectiveness) (waste) 84 85 86 (Policy output and outcome) 87 Dunn 84 79 311 85 89 389 86 84 146 87 85 392 42
(Value focus) (Value-fact interdependence) (present and past orientation) (Value duality) (adjutment) (continuation) (termination) (restructuring) 43
88 (effectiveness) (efficiency) (adequacy) (equity) (responsiveness) (appropriateness) 88 85 401 44
(policy output and outcome) Motivation Motivation 89 2-1 89 87 65 45
2-1 2. 3.ERG l. 2. ( ) 79 526 17-1 90 (Maslow) 2-2 90 16 365-376 46
47 2-2 (Frederick Herzberg) (hygiene factors) (motivators) (Motivation-Hygiene Theory) (dissatisfiers) (Maintenance factors)
(satisfiers) (achievement) (recognition) (work itself) (responsibility) (advancement) (Clayton P. Alderfer) (human needs in organizational settings) needs of existence, E (needs of relatedness, R) (needs of growth, G) ERG 48
ERG ( ) ( ) ( ) 2-3 2-3 ERG ERG (satisfaction-progression approach) ERG (frustration-regression) 49
ERG (expectancy theory) (equity theory) (Victor H. Vroom) (instrumentality or expectancy theory) = (instrumentality) ( ) O l (first-level outcome) (second-level outcome) 50
51 (valence) 1 (expectancy) ( ) 2-4 2-4
( ) ( ) ( 91 (J. Stacy Adams) (discrepancy) (job outcomes) (job inputs) 91 74527-528 52
53 2-5 2-5 O I O I /I (O/I) A B /I (O/I) A B /I=(O/I) A B /I (O/I) A B
54 2-5 l. 2. 3. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 92 (satisfiers) ERG 92 85.7 47
(specialization of ma n) 93 profession 94 (Homo geneous) (Practitioner) 95 (occupation) 96 (W.E Moore) ( Kearney & Sinha) 97 (a full time occupation) 93 69 25 94 Albert Shapero 77 3 95 82 59 96 Laffin,Martin, 1986, professionalism and policy :The Role of the Professions in the Central Local Government Relationship.London : Gower Publishing Company, p20. 97 Kearney,Richard C,and Chandan Sinha,1988Professionalism and Bureaucratic Responsiveness :Conflict 55
(a code of ethics) 98 or Compatibility? Vol.48,No1(January/February):571-579. 98 72 32 56
99 (public agents) 99 20 14-16 57
(aiternatives) (feedback) 58
59
60
61
100 1855 ( ) 100 88 106-108 62
1960 1855 ( ) 1968 1981 1987 1992 (1995) (1998) (1855-1968) (1968-) 101 1980 1994 102 101 89 126 102 100 466-467 63
103 1883 (CSC) 1978 Civils Service Reform Act 104 1902 105 103 83 61-62 104 101 14 105 100 158-159 64
( ) (merit) (achievement) 106 107 108 106 5 85.11 42 107 101 108 108 100 470 65
( ) ( SES) 109 109 89 46-47 66
1789 110 111 ABCD A B CD ( ) ( 110 100 217 111 100 221-246 67
) (Established posts) (Unestablished Posts) ABCD (Corps) (A ) 68
( ) ( ) ( ) 112 112 109 65-67 69
() ( ) ( ) 113 ( ) ( ) 114 113 101 211 114 106 37 70
( ) ( ) ( ) 115 116 115 100 273-274 116 106 38 71
( ) 117 ( ) 118 117 100 274-276 118 100 279 72
119 120 119 100 289 120 100 299-302 73
1947 10 1950 12 ( ) 121 121 100 302 74
75 1996-2001 1990 ( ) ( )
( ) 76
122 ( 38 58 ) 122 86 385-386 77
123 124 125 ( 58 76 ) 123 88 67 124 21 6 84 46-55 125 122 385 78
126 127 128 129 ( 76 81 ) 126 78 47-50 127 85 1-42 128 7 3-21 129 122 386 79
: 130 130 82 5-60 80
131 ( 82 86 ) 132 133 ( ) 131 12368 132 10 2 85 37-38 133 86 1-7 81
134 134 5 82
135 136 137 138 139 ( 86 ) 135 84 708 136 34 85 27 137 132 43 138 123 72 139 122 386 83
140 141 140 2-4 141 122 386-387 84
142 142 52 313-316 85
143 144 143 89.7 39 144 52 305-307 86
87
88
89
1. 2. 3 145 145 52 320-326 90
91
92
93
94
95
146 147 146 18 86.2 3-4 147 4 96
148 149 ( ) () 148 146 4 149 52 89.10 22-24 97
( ) () 150 150 44 89.2 45 98
151 151 150 22-27 99
152 : ( ) : 152 149 27-31 100
101
153 ( ) 154 153 149 31 154 149 31-33 102
O 103
155 156 157 155 50 89.8 17 156 47 89.5 5-6 157 156 4-5 104
105
106
107
( ) 108
( ) 109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
158 158 100 57 119
(role of police man) 159 160 159 100 58 160 100 58 120
1990 121
(Favoritism) ( ( ) ( ) ( ) Personal Administration 122
(spoils system) (To the victors, goes the spoil) (merit) (achieveme nt) (Bureaucracy) (M. Weber) 123
(Ideal Type of Bureaucracy) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 124
( ) (Civil Service Law) : (can do) (will do) 125
126
350 20 330 44 4-1 4-1 22 7 31.8 650 285 43.8 78 38 48.7 750 330 44.0 330 4-2 4-1 16-20 73 22.1 6-10 72 21.8 127
11-15 57 17.3 21-25 48 14.5 26-30 35 10.6 5 27 8.2 31 18 5.5 6-20 61.2 4-3 4-2 5 127 38.5 6-10 73 28.2 11-15 45 13.6 10-20 28 8.5 26-30 128
129 17 5.2 21-25 15 4.5 31 5 1.5 10 66.7 15 80.3
4-4 4-3 41-50 ( 150) 45.5 31-40 ( 107)32.4 51-60 45 13.6 21-30 (19)(5.8) 61 8 2.4 20 1 0.3 51 55 51-60 61 31-50 77.9 130
4-5 4-4 158 47.9 54 16.4 39 11.8 32 9.7 25 7.6 131
4-6 4-5 123 37.3 99 30.0 35 10.6 28 8.5 22 6.7 16 4.8 132
4-7 4-6 89 20.6 88 90 15.8 82 133
4-8 4-7 257 77.9 73 22.1 4-9 4-8 217 65.8 113 34.2 134
4-10 4-9 150 45.5 122 37.0 41 12.4 17 5.2 87.7 135
4-11 4-10 180 54.5 150 45.5 136
4-12 4-11 ( 13) (210) 223 67.6 (95) (12) 107 32.4 137
4-13 4-12 (16) (191) 207 62.7 (108) (15) 123 37.2 25.5 138
4-14 4-13 (15) (201) 216 65.5 (108) (6)114 34.5 30.9 139
4-15 4-14 (66) (227) 293 88.8 (34) (3)37 11.2 ( 77.6) 20.0 0.9 140
4-16 4-15 (11) (154) 165 50.0 (126) (39) 165 50.0 39 11.8 3.3 141
4-17 4-16 (5) (166) 171 51.8 (138) (21) 159 48.2 142
4-18 4-17 (32) (190) 222 67.3 (93) (15) 108 32.7 114 23.9 143
4-19 4-18 (13) (195) 208 63.0 (114) (8) 122 36.9 26.1 144
4-20 4-19 (8) (126) 134 40.6 (143) (53) 196 59.4 18.8 53 16.1 8 2.4 145
4-21 4-20 (12) (223) 235 71.2 (90) (5) 95 28.8 42.4 146
4-22 4-21 (8) (145) 153 46.4 (161) (16) 177 53.6 16 4.8 2.4 147
4-23 4-22 (43) (211) 254 77 (68) (8) 76 23 54 148
4-24 4-23 (6) (231) 237 71.8 (84) (9) 93 28.2 43.6 149
4-25 4-24 (6) (196) 202 61.2 (123) (5) 128 38.8 22.4 150
4-26 4-25 (32) (249) 281 85.2 (46) (3) 49 14.8 70.4 151
4-27 4-26 (5) (109) 114 34.5 (186) (30) 216 65.5 31 152
4-28 4-27 (6) (213) 219 66.4 (107) (4) 111 33.6 32.8 153
4-29 4-28 (2) (141) 143 43.3 (119) (68) 187 56.7 13.4 68 20.6 2 154
4-30 4-29 (4) (141) 145 43.9 (142) (43)185 56 12.1 43 13 4 1.2 155
4-31 4-30 (47) (147) 194 58.8 (119) (17) 136 41.3 17.5 14.2 5.2 156
4-32 4-31 (2) (105) 107 32.4 (201) (22) 223 67.6 35.2 157
4-33 4-32 (1) (164) 165 50 (152) (13) 165 50 158
4-34 4-33 (12) (102) 114 34.5 (191) (25)216 65.5 31 159
4-35 4-34 (39) (192) 231 70.0 (82) (17) 99 30 40 39 11.8 17 5.2 160
4-36 4-35 (129) (66) 195 59.1 124 (11)135 40.9 35.2 66 20 11 3.3 161
4-37 4-36 (167) (27) 194 58.8 (132) (4)136 41.2 17.6 162
4-38 4-37 (55) (195) 250 75.8 (70) (10) 80 24.2 51.6 55 16.7 10 3 163
4-39 4-38 (26) (236) 262 79.4 (61) (7) 68 20.6 58.8 164
4-40 4-39 (199) (19) 218 66.1 (108) (4)112 33.9 32.2 165
4-41 4-40 (184) (26) 210 63.7 (109) (11) 120 36.4 27.3 166
4-42 4-41 (5) (158) 163 49.4 (147) (20) 167 50.6 167
4-43 4-42 (193) (33) 226 68.5 (99) (5)104 31.5 37 168
4-44 4-33 (148) (42) 190 57.5 (137) (3)140 42.4 15.1 42 12.7 3 0.9 169
4-45 4-44 (168) (27) 195 59.1 (131) (4) 135 40.9 18.2 170
4-46 4-45 (3) (197) 20060.6 (105) (25) 130 39.4 21.2 171
4-47 4-46 (148) (51) 199 60.3 (124) (7)131 39.7 20.6 51 15.5 7 2.1 172
4-48 4-47 (4) (159) 163 49.4 (143) (24) 167 50.6 173
4-49 4-48 (174) (19) 193 58.5 (134) (3) 137 41.5 17 174
175
176
161 161 1. 2. 3. 177
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179
180
181
182
183
184
185
162 A1A2 A3B1B2C1C2C3E2F1F2G A1B2 13.3 A2A3B1C1 26.6 C2E2F1F2 26.6 C3G 13.3 186
A1A2 A3B1B2C1C2C3E2F1F2G A1 A2A3B1B2 33.3 C1 C2C3E2 33.3 F1 F2 13.3 G 6.6 80 A1A2A3 B1B2C1C3F1F2G 187
A1 A2 13.3 A3B1B2C1 26.6 F1F2 13.3 C3G 13.3 53.3 A1A2 A3B1B2C1C2C3F1F2G A1 A2 13.3 A3B1B2C1 26.6 C2F1F2 20.0 C3G 13.3 60 188
A1A2 A3B1B2C1C2C3D1E1F1F2G A1A2A3 20.0 C1C2B2 20.0 C3B1D1E1F1F2G 46.6 66.6 A1A2 A3B1B2C1C2C3D2F1F2G 189
A1A3B2 20.0 A2B1C2 20.0 C1C3D2F1 26.6 F2G 13.3 40.0 A1A2 A3B2 26.6 B1C1C2 D1E1F2 40.0 C3 D2E2F1G 33.3 66.6 190
191
A1 A2 B2 C1 C2 F1 F2 192
193
A2 A3 B1 C2 B2 C1 C3 E2 F1 194
A2 B1 195
C1 G 196
A1 A3 C1 C2 C3 197
198
A1 A3 B1 C1 C2 C3 199
D1 E1 F1 F2 200
201 A2; A3 C1;
F2 202
A1 A3 B1 B2 C1 C2 C3 D1 D2 203
E1 E2 F1 F2 G 204
163 163 76.57 40.86 39.39 90 12-14 205
206
207
208
164 164 18 82.12 5 209
210
165 165 38 88.8 42 211
166 167 166 37 89.10 11 167 32 88.2 39-40 212
213 168 168 45 89.3 4
169 169 25 214
215 170 170 33 1 90.7 68-70
216
217
A1A2A3B1B2C1 C2C3E2F1F2G A1B2 A2A3B1C1 C2E2F1F2 C3G 218
A1 A2 B2 C1 219
C2 F1 F2 A1A2A3B1B2C1 220
C2C3E2F1F2G A1A2A3B1B2 C1C2 C3E2 F1F2 G A2 221
A3 B1 B2 C1 222
C2 C3 E2 223
F1 A1A2A3B1B2C1 C3F1F2G A1 A2 A3B1B2C1 F1F2 C3G A2 224
B1 C1 G 225
A1A2A3B1B2C1 C2C3F1F2G A1 A2 A3B1B2C1 C2 F1F2 C3G A1 226
A3 C1 C2 C3 A1A2A3B1B2C1 C2C3D1E1F1F2G 227
A1A2A3 C1C2 B2 C3B1D1E1F1F2G A1 A3 228
B1 C1 C2 C3 229
D1 E1 F1 230
F2 A1A2A3B1B2C1 C2C3D2F1F2G A1A3B2 A2B1C2 C1C3D2F1 F2G 231
A2 A3 C1 232
F2 A1A2A3 B2 B1C1C2D1E1F2 C3D2E2F1G A1 233
A3 B1 B2 234
C1 C2 C3 D1 235
E1 E2 F1 236
F2 G 237
5 610 1115 1620 2125 26-30 31 5 610 1115 1620 2125 26-30 31 20 2130 3140 4150 51 60 61 238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245 89 84 90 84 86 85 78 88 87 74 82 78 791 78 84 68 80 82 82 88 81 88 85
75 82 79 83 68 87 90 89 89 86 33 1 90.7 68-70 33 2 90.8 25-32 37 89.10 8-11 50 89.8 14-22 44 89.2 42-50 34 85 26-35 47 89.5 4-13 246
44 89.2 38-41 85.7 23-24 7 86.1 3-21 82 75 5-60 18 86.2 3-7 38 88.8 37-44 38 81 448-517 32 88.2 33-40 45 89.3 4-15 52 89.10 22-33 35 3 87.3 35-36 32 3 84.3 4-9 31 7 83.7 8-14 56 90.2 53-56 61 90.7 2-3 80 89.9 10-13 21 3 84.9 33-37 247
85.7 46-49 21 6 84 46-55 20 87.2 2-3 5 85.11 37-45 35 1 87.1 2-3 88 67 87.6 14 87.6 145-146 69 18-19 69 25 82 59 72 32 375 http://www.moea.gov.tw/~ecobook/ecotoday/et375/3.html 90.12.10 http://210.69.186.91/new/ach01.html90.8.10 248
http://www.cpa.gov.tw/new/qa-15b.html90.8.10 http://www.exam.gov.tw/stadoc/98.xls90.8.10 http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/dgbas01/89xdoc /89b0.htm90.810 http://bbs3.nsysu.edu.tw/txtversion/users/jennifer 90.12.20 Armstrong, M.,Human Resource Management: Strategy & Action. London: Kogan. 1992. Byars, L.L.,and L.W. Rue, Human Resource Management. Homewood, Illinois:IRWIN.1991. Dimock, M.E.,and Gladys O. Dimock, Public Administration, ed.. New York : Holt, Rinehart & Winston lnc.,1969. Kearney, R.C.,and Chandan Sinha.Professionalism and Bureaucratic Responsiveness :Conflict or Compatibility? Public Administration Review, Vol.48, No.1(January/February), 1988, pp.571-579. Laffin, Martin. Professionalism and Policy :The Role of the Professions in the Central Local Government Relationship. London : Gower Publishing Company. 1986. Legge, K. Human Resource Management: A Critical Analysis. in J. Storey,ed., New Perspectives on Human Resources Management. London: Routledge, 1989. pp. 19-40. Louis, M. Rea,and Richard A Parker, Desingning and Conducting Survey Research. San Francisco:Jossey-Bass publishers,1997. Mondy, R.W.,and R.M.Noe, Personnel: The Management of Human Resources. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1987. Nigro, F. A., Public Personnel Administration. New York: Holt, Rinehart 249
& Winston, 1959. Rea, Louis M.,and Richard A. Parker. Desingning and Conducting Survey Research. Francisco: Jossey Bass Publishers, 1997. Singer, M. G., Human Resource Management. Boston: PWS-KENT Publishing Company, 1990. Simon, H. A., Donald W. Smithburge,and Victor A. Thomson, Public Administration. New York : Afred A Knopf, 1950. Stahl, O.G., Public Personnel Administration. New York: Harper & Row Publishers,1962. Torrington, D., Human Resource Management and the Personnel Function, in T. Storey,ed., New Perspectives on Human Resource Management. London: Routledge, 1989, pp.56-66. Willoughby, W. F., The Principles of Public Administration. Baltimore : John s Hopkins Press, 1927. 250