37 2 2007 3 ( ) Journal of Zhejiang University( Humanities and Social Sciences) Vol. 37, No. 2 Mar. 2007 (, 310058) [ ],,,,,,,,,,,, [ ] ; ; ; [ ] H042 [ ] A [ ] 1008-942X(2007) 02-0183 - 09 A Revie w of the Comparative Studies of Vocabulary WAN G Chun ( I nstitute of J apanese L anguage and Culture, Zhejiang University, Hangz hou 310058, China) Abstract : The co mparative st udy of vocabulary is originally suggested by Ikudo Tajima. Compared with t his former st udy of vocabulary, it is a brand2new academic field wit h fresh ideas. It takes a vocabulary group as an object of study. It s basic goal is to reveal cult ural bases wit h language and to develop a new way of inter2cult ural under standing and co mpariso n. It has been known for a lo ng time t hat t he st udy of vocabulary falls behind t he st udy of p ho neme and grammar in p rio rit y. Al so, t he develop ment of t he st udy of vocabulary it self does not hold balance regarding the st udy of it s composition unit, the single word. The st udy of vocabulary has already made advances and is in t he lead. Furt hermore, it has al so yielded certain result s. Regarding vocabulary, or the vocabulary group st udy, taking t he whole part s of vocabulary of o ne language as an o bject of st udy is always unknown and is not taken into co nsideratio n. Comparative st udy of vocabulary ushers in t his kind of group of vocabulary as an object of st udy. [ ] 20061012 [ ]http :// www. journals. zju. edu. cn/ soc [ ] (506000 - T10601) [ ] (1963 ),,,,,
184 ( ) 37 The vocabulary study of t he meaning of vocabulary group is different f rom t he ot her fields of linguistics t hat p urely focus on t he internal questions of a language. Simply solving t he formal questions of a language may bring t he st udy to completion. The reason is t hat to grasp t he whole of t he vocabulary it self is not an easy t hing, much less are many questions t hat internal fact s of a language o nly cannot solve. This is also t he unique nat ure of vocabulary. Vocabulary and t he fact s out side t he language have a close connection. It is impossible for t he st udy of vocabulary to separate t he cult ure t hat co nceives t he language. The p ho neme and t he grammar form t he f ramework of a language and complete t he expressions by t he vocabulary. Therefore, the st udy of languages cannot be limited to p honemes and grammar. Only by the confluence of t he st udy of vocabulary can a language unfold t he whole pict ure. Language st udy cannot be limited to t he internal st udy of language. If yo u do not see t he relatio ns t hat take it s cult ures, manner s and customs into consideration, you cannot get to it s essence. The basic nat ure of vocabulary lies in it s quantit y and meaning. The analysis of vocabulary must show t hese two kinds of properties. Neit her quantity nor meaning only can completely show t he f undamental st ruct ure of t he vocabulary. When we show t he quantitative p ropert y of vocabulary, we must grasp it s meaning. The question is t hat meaning is t he existence t hat is mo st incompatible wit h t he quantitative property. However, processing meaning wit h mat hematical quantificatio n and making co mparative st udies o n t he basis of demo nst ratio n, showing t he overall system of vocabulary in a broad way, are t he met hod suggested by comparative st udy of vocabulary or t he Analytic Method of Struct ure of Meaning. The comparative st udy of vocabulary began only about 10 years ago, but t he attempt s have been made in many languages. Large amo unt s of p ractices have been made in developing t he t heory, t he met hods, t he setting of standards and so on. Massive data have been accumulated and a series of result s have been acquired. Since 1998, ten international symposiums have been held separately in J apan, Indo nesia, So ut h Korea, Taiwan, and China. The co mparative st udy of vocabulary t hat takes inter2cultural comparison and understanding as a basic goal has opened up a brand2new world. It s ideas that are different from t he former have not only eliminated t he biggest barrier which has p revented t he st udy of vocabulary f ro m advancing fo r a lo ng time : t he vocabulary is so large t hat you do not know where to begin. The use of comp uters has made the acquisition, analysis and demonstration of t he massive data more convenient. When t he question of t he po ssibilit y of t he st udy of vocabulary is solved, t he co nclusio n o btained is also t he p rescriptive standards t hat are standardized and demo nst rated. Key words : comparative st udies of vocabulary ; theory of general vocabulary ; analytic met hod of struct ure of meaning ; serial number,,,,,, 1987, 1996,2003,
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