Editor's Introduction 5.14% 9 3.96 4% 2015 2015 GDP 3 2 7 2006 9 11 Newsweek The New Face of Japan--Foreigners are not only coming They re Staying 2003 101
2 83 9 02-8590-2862-4 www.cla.gov.tw 1-2 4 02-2392-8585 02-2270-6161 GPN : 2009501239 4 10 19 26 36 43 53
http://www.cla.gov.tw/ 138 66 75 79 88 94 105 140 113 123 Karoshi 126
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2001 3 10 2004 6 5 521 13 4 536 3 2003 1111 2006 3 5 OECD ILO ILO ILO 1960 3 2004 12 28 16 2004 6 12 4 2006 2 23 5 13 1991 127 421999 13
ILO ILO 20 ILO 1919 ILO21 ILO1933 34 11 ILO 1949 96 404 1960 20 1965 96 ILOILO 96 1988 1990ILO 18 ILO 1994 1997 181 188 181 14
6 OECD 1984 ILO 7 1972 1985 1997 2004 116812 9 2006 7 1994 1994 1998 1995 2004 7 1973 15
1994 35 8 1997 4 1 9 1999 10 10 1992 11 8 (1994 ) 83 8 29 83 58819 9 1997 10 3086047494 10 1999 10 2188 88222970 11 19942002 11 5 1300 2800172 174 16
6 9 20023 120 1995 3 12 13 14 15 53 254 1 2 1993 16 1993 1996 17 12 128 84 1998 2 13 (1996 ) 85 1 985136771 14 (1998 ) 87 12 7870904213 15 (1993 ) 82 1 288245572 16 (1993 ) 82 9 38254160 17 (1994 ) 83 3 78369090 (1996 ) 85 5 185 052953110 46 1996 17
1999 18 ILO ILO 18
1 12 73 2 1 12 2 421 88 463 1 19
9 1 6 9 2 (1)(2) 3 1. 20
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Standing (2000) Social Income forms Wage Community Benefit Enterprise Benefit State Benefit Private Benefit SI W CB EB SB PB Severance PayUnemployment Insurance Unemployment Assistance Discretionary Benefits SavingsPrivate Insurance SI EB SP SB UI UA DB PB S PI CB 26
Vincenzo 2000 101.5 economic efficiency social equity unemployment compensation active labor market policies assist employment adjustment 1999 2003 19961940 the Employment Insurance Act the Unemployment Insurance Act the National Training Act reemployment benefits 2004 9.5OECDOECD, 200519 2006 basic income support 27
2001-2005 15 2002 200542 8 4.13 1 2001 7 5 2003-2004 8 5 2005 8 22001 37 52002 43 52005 34 6 2 44 45 2001 2003 3 2001 2003 4 2003 2001-2002 1 95 1 15 2001 17,179 9,832 9,383 450 57.23 68.47 46.10 4.57 5.16 3.71 2002 17,387 9,969 9,454 515 57.34 68.22 46.59 5.17 5.91 4.10 2003 17,572 10,076 9,573 503 57.34 67.69 47.14 4.99 5.51 4.25 2004 17,760 10,240 9,786 454 57.66 67.78 47.71 4.44 4.83 3.89 2005 17,949 10,371 9,942 428 57.78 67.62 48.12 4.13 4.31 3.88 2 2001 450 75 375 206 88 52 28 2002 515 81 435 248 110 47 30 2003 503 85 418 228 111 50 30 2004 454 85 369 158 131 49 29 2005 428 82 346 130 140 49 27 1 28
3 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 19 24 29 34 39 44 49 54 59 64 2001 4.57 13.64 9.65 5.46 4.19 3.72 3.36 3.34 3.08 2.41 1.33 0.06 2002 5.17 14.59 11.31 6.46 4.65 3.87 4.00 3.84 3.60 2.78 1.45 0.13 2003 4.99 13.84 10.95 6.26 4.16 3.61 3.85 3.97 3.77 3.77 2.69 0.14 2004 4.44 13.00 10.44 5.69 3.86 3.12 3.18 3.22 3.56 3.01 2.19 0.07 2005 4.13 11.97 10.33 5.75 3.63 2.84 2.81 2.89 2.91 2.63 2.08 0.43 1 4 2001 4.57 4.71 4.86 5.21 4.03 3.32 2002 5.17 5.14 5.55 6.04 4.60 3.89 2003 4.99 5.17 5.28 5.71 4.32 3.82 2004 4.44 4.31 4.52 4.98 4.02 4.11 2005 4.13 3.76 4.44 4.57 3.78 4.23 1 2003 2003 1% 2% 50 29
60 10 60 30 30
199914,698 2001 121,736 3.42003 71,411 5 33.7% 2001 1,653 2002 4,849 2003 6,456 2004 2005 5 6 2003 5,793 2004 12,4962005 17,2006 575 5 ( ) 1999 14,698 12,517 29,012 554 150 2000 27,484 26,368 83,802 360 128 2001 121,736 119,102 369,652 1,653 317 2002 107,653 106,688 504,925 4,849 2,075 2003 71,411 68,083 255,286 6,456 7,004 5,793 57 2004 53,980 49,777 169,184 10,364 5,227 12,496 184 2005 66,002 59,240 193,360 10,237 6,350 17,200 151 2002 2003 31
Employment Benefits 1. Employment Insurance,EI 2. 1. 2. 1 23 35 Employment Insurance Act part2 4 Skill Development,SD Self Employment, SE Job Creation Partnerships, JCP Targeted Wage Subsidies, TWS 1.Return To Work Action Plan. RTWAP 3 2. 52 78 Coordinators3 3. Human Resource and Skill Development Canada,HRSDC 52 4. 78 Support Measures 1. Employment Assistance Services, EAS 1 32
2 3 3 2.Labour Market Partnerships, LMP 1 2 3 3 3.Research and Innovation, R I 1 2 3 3 Program Delivery Persons with Disabilities 2003 2004 OECD, 2004 2003 4 1 2004 3 311,211,460 344 175,416 93,81453.48 SE 67.80 SD 53.92 73.362005 6 33
6 2003 2004 83,659 36,386 43.49 945,668 44,859 32,913 73.36 128,518 69,299 53.92 139,536 12,848 8,711 67.80 85,174 10,247 4,443 43.36 111,632 23,803 11,361 47.73 1,211,460 175,416 93,814 53.48 work-sharing program 6 2612 38 EI 55 2 26 3 2 1 2 Work- Sharing While Learning, WSWL 30 10 EI EI Economic regions 2004 3.8 _6.5 6.2 14 34
31,0008,300 CEIC, 2005 70 40 Performance Tracking Directorate, PTD 2003 700 work sharing program6 55 35
40 1997 / / / 1996 36
37
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9260-90 93 120 94 200 NGO socialized 39
market 40
87 94 5 6 41
94 78 49 1373 90 349 65 1806 () 89 311 4498 170 4044 5219 26484 34255 24736 18000 25,202,150 20,142,000 414,340,536 19,440,000 32,598,026 25,074,133 564,917,845 1. 0.2 2. 3. 9494 8 _ 42
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 29 U.S.C. 701-796 (2000). 2 4-5, 7-9 3 Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, 42 U.S.C. 12101-12213 (2000), 9-11 4 14-15 5 16-25 6 25-38 7 38-40 45
8 9 10 11 12 8 43 9 10 11 44 12 152 46
13 13 161-162 47
Cook v. Rhode Island Department of Mental Health, Retardation & 48
Hospitals 14 15 14 10 F. 3d 17 (1st Cir. 1993), 280-281 15 Cook, F. 3d at 23-28. 49
16 (1) 16 85 50
(2) (3) (4) 17 18 17 51
19 18 399-416, 422-423 19 125-133, 178-180 52
1 2 1 2 3-4 2002 114-52 53
3 1948 12 1025 155 1952 47 4 141 549 578 485 3 549 4 472 54
155 5 549 549 153 155 10 8 27 6365 276365 578 578 7 5 26 2121 55
7 549 6 549 578 7 2004 8 6 549 7 World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization 8 ILO, A fair globalization : Creating opportunities for all, report of the World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization, Paragraphs 37-51, Geneva, 2004. 56
1952 ( 102 ) 9 102 1933 6 35 10 36 11 37 12 38 13 39 14 1967 128 15 1. 75% 50% 25% 75% 50% 25% 15 9 Social Security (Minimum Standards) Convention, 1952 (No. 102) 10 Old-Age Insurance (Industry, etc.) Convention, 1933 (No. 35) 11 Old-Age Insurance (Agriculture) Convention, 1933 (No. 36) 12 Invalidity Insurance (Industry, etc.) Convention, 1933 (No. 37) 13 Invalidity Insurance (Agriculture) Convention, 1933 (No. 38) 14 Survivors Insurance (Industry, etc.) Convention, 1933 (No. 39) 15 Invalidity, Old-Age and Survivors' Benefits Convention, 1967 57
2. 20 30 10 15 3. 1967 10% 16 (%) 45 50 45 4. 5. 1927 24 17 25 18 1969 130 19 1987 165 20 1. 75% 75% 16 rate of replacement 17 Sickness Insurance (Industry) Convention, 1927 18 Sickness Insurance (Agriculture) Convention, 1927 19 Medical Care and Sickness Benefits Convention, 1969 20 Social Security (Seafarers) Convention (Revised), 1987 58
2. 60% 326 3. 1920 8 21 1934 44 22 1988 168 23 7 10 192517 24 1964 121 25 60% 50% 21 Unemployment Indemnity (Shipwreck) Convention, 1920 22 Unemployment Provision Convention, 1934 23 Employment Promotion and Protection against Unemployment Convention, 1988 24 Workmen's Compensation (Accidents) Convention, 1925 25 Employment Injury Benefits Convention, 1964 59
1919 3 26 1952 103 27 1919 12 60%100% 1925 19 28 1962 148 29 1982 167 30 1983 31 15 32 26 Maternity Protection Convention, 1919 27 Maternity Protection Convention (Revised), 1952 28 Equality of Treatment (Accident Compensation) Convention, 1925 29 Working Environment (Air Pollution, Noise and Vibration) Convention, 1977 30 Safety and Health in Construction Convention, 1988 31 ( ) 111-113 32 596 60
53 58 1. 2. 3.4. 5. 6. 7. 14 1 7 1 2 1. 33 1 33 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. http://sociology.nccu.edu.tw/chinese/file_download/02.doc 2006 7 1 61
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 35 36 37 155 38 39 35 155 ILO102 128 36 6%6% 3%30 24.54%24.54% 24.54%6%3% 12.1% 37 1979 1995 102 38 4 1 39 14116 2005 6 63
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101 3. 2005 e 1. 2. ; 2005 180 1. 2. 3. 2007 3 60% 250 2005
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2003 5020 14 7 2002 2002 2012 (National Occupational Health and Safety Commission, NOHSC) ( ) 1. 20022012 7 30 20% (2007 7 30 10%) 2. 2012 7 30 40% (2007 7 30 20%) ( ) 1. 2003 105
27% 20%2004 2005 2. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 3. 2002 19.% (7.2%)(13.7%) 20.9% 1 4. NOHSC 5. 6. 2001 2002 (body Stressing)41.2% 5.0% 2 2003 2007 ( ) 1. 1500 2. 20%14 (2002 ) 15 19 (2003 2007 ) 1.New compensation cases by type of occurrence,2001-02p, Compendium of Workers' Compensation Statistics Australia, 2001-02, p.17-21, December 2003, Australian Government, National Occupational Health and Safety Commission(NOHSC) data. 2.New compensation cases by type of occurrence, 2001-02p, Compendium of Workers' Compensation Statistics Australia, 2001-02, p.17-21, December 2003, Australian Government, National Occupational Health and Safety Commission(NOHSC) data. 106
3. 4. ( ) 1. 21 (1) (2) (3) (4) ( ) (5) (6) 2. 3 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) Occupational Safety and Health Management System(OSHMS) 3. (Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association JISHA), http://www.jisha.or.jp/reserch/index.html 107
3. 4 (1) (2) (COHSMS) COHSMS (3) (4) (5) 4. 5 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) 4. (Japan Construction Safety and Health Association JCSHA), http://www.kensaibou.or.jp/index.html 5. (Land Transportation Industry Safety & Health Association), http://www.rikusai.or.jp/public/index/frame.htm 108
21 350 5600 7001 1100 (the regulation of safety and health partnership) ( ) 2003 2008 1. 2. 3.OSHA OSHA 4.(Occupational Safety and Health Act) 2008 15%(2000 2002 100 1.7 1.5 ) 2003 2008 15%, 0.02260.0192 ( ) 1. OSHA () 2. (1) (The Joint Emphasis Program JEP)( )JEP ( ) OSHA (2) 3.( ) 109
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93 17,321 38.0 %69.5 % 34.0 % 2 67.2 % 21 1991 70 % NIOSH50 % 60 % 80 % Karoshi Tetsunojo Uehata 113
16 11 Hoshuyama T. (1) (2) 86 9 87 94 88 185 89~90 38 91 15 92 22 93 19 91-93 596 9% (56 ) ( ) (2001 ) 1961 1987 ( ) 1995 1 114
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1987 1995 19871 1961 2000 7 2001 12 1995 1 2001 2 118
1 2 84 1. 2. 3. 1.2. 86 2 86 1 24 1 119
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Karoshi 1987 1970stripped down 1988 126
2001 RCA... 2002 127
2003 428 2004 ( ) 128
21 1986 1995 1. 2. 3. 4. 129
100... 130
1. 2. 1. 500 2. 131
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11 10 170 10 120 91.05.02 91.05.02 35 91.06.10 91.08.20 91.09.16 92.01.09 92.08.15 92.10.02 1. 2. 135
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137
1992 26 30 138 Council of Labor Affairs, Executive Yuan Taiwan
139 40 16 28 233
94 7 1 95 8 35 4,704 410 1,268 95 9 29 1,002 9 95 6 1,073 95 3 95 6 100.0 73.0 21.0 6.1 100.0 65.5 31.0 3.5 100.0 56.8 25.9 17.3 100.0 68.9 22.6 8.5 100.0 74.4 20.7 4.9 100.0 86.8 12.3 0.9 100.0 74.4 22.9 2.8 100.0 82.7 12.7 4.6 100.0 73.3 21.3 5.3 100.0 74.7 19.2 6.1 100.0 55.2 38.1 6.7 100.0 66.9 21.5 11.6 100.0 55.3 31.3 13.4 140
21 73.0 21.0 6.1 ( ) 56.8%( )68.9% 74.4%86.8% 82.7% 5 95 6 100.0 32.8 67.2 15~24 100.0 26.4 73.6 25~34 100.0 32.2 67.8 35~44 100.0 32.5 67.6 45~54 100.0 43.0 57.0 55~64 100.0 14.2 85.8 100.0 40.1 59.9 100.0 22.7 77.3 100.0 29.8 70.2 100.0 34.0 66.0 100.0 36.5 63.5 1/3 2/3 30.7 21.6 9.8 0.9 45.9 141
95 6 39.5 36.8 26.5 95 9 22 389.1 111 30.622.7 45 54 22.8% 25 44 26.0% 15 24 38.1% 95 6 100.0 45.9 39.5 36.8 0.3 26.5 100.0 42.7 36.8 31.9 0.2 30.6 100.0 48.9 42.0 41.2 0.3 22.7 15~24 100.0 30.6 35.8 33.3-38.1 25~34 100.0 48.7 39.3 35.6 0.5 26.0 35~44 100.0 47.2 38.0 39.6-26.0 45~54 100.0 41.3 47.7 35.4-22.8 55~64 100.0 51.5 40.1 45.3-14.3 100.0 28.0 36.8 35.3-43.8 100.0 21.1 33.3 25.7-45.2 100.0 39.1 35.5 37.4-30.7 100.0 50.7 41.9 37.7 0.3 22.9 100.0 50.9 39.3 33.6 1.1 24.5 142
2 5 ( ) 30.7% ( ) 4 94 11 95 1 31 ATM 95 6 8.0 41.4 18.2 10.5 7.3 4.4 97.4% 96.6% 96.3% 96.1% 95.2% 93.3% 87.9% 87.4%81.6% 6.8% 81.6% 143
95 6 95 6 100.0 6.8 81.6 8.5 3.1 100.0 6.2 87.9 3.8 2.1 100.0 2.2 93.3 1.8 2.7 100.0 3.7 87.4 3.3 5.7 100.0 0.2 96.1 0.3 3.4 100.0 0.8 96.3 0.9 2.0 100.0 1.0 96.6 0.9 1.5 100.0 1.4 97.4 0.7 0.5 100.0 3.0 95.2 0.9 1.0 144
8.5% 3.1% 94 7 3.0 1.8 95 7 36,05294 6 35,650 94 7 35,599 95 7 40,309 94 7 40,059 87.9% 6.2% 3.8% 12.1% 9.0% 9 7 1.4% 95 6 100.0 6.8 81.6 8.5 3.1 100.0 8.2 80.1 8.1 3.6 100.0 5.5 83.0 8.8 2.7 100.0 12.8 80.3 2.2 4.7 100.0 7.5 83.1 7.5 1.9 100.0 7.1 76.3 11.7 4.9 100.0 4.3 86.6 7.3 1.8 100.0 7.6 81.5 6.9 4.1 100.0 4.6 76.2 15.3 4.0 100.0 8.5 85.0 6.5 94 7 100.0 3.8 89.5 6.7-95 6 100.0 6.8 81.6 8.5 3.1-3.0-7.9 1.8-95 6 94 7 100.0 2.3 93.6 4.1-95 6 100.0 6.2 87.9 3.8 2.1 94-3.9-5.7-0.3-100.0 12.1 83.0 2.1 2.8 100.0 7.5 88.4 3.1 1.0 100.0 6.8 84.4 5.2 3.6 100.0 4.6 91.2 2.4 1.8 100.0 7.5 85.4 5.9 1.3 100.0 2.1 90.8 5.3 1.9 100.0-91.0 9.0-145
0.7% 3.1% 2.3% 2.2% 94 7 1.8 1.3 2.2% 93.3% 1.8% 2.2% 6.0% 5.6% 4.2% 7.8% 95.2% 3.0% 0.9% 94 7 95 6 100.0 1.4 97.4 0.7 0.5 100.0 2.3 96.8 0.9-100.0 2.2 96.5 1.4-100.0 1.4 97.7 0.5 0.4 100.0 0.6 97.9 0.8 0.6 100.0-97.7-2.3 100.0 3.1 96.0-0.9 100.0-100.0 - - 94 7 100.0 3.2 96.1 0.7-95 6 100.0 1.4 97.4 0.7 0.5 - -1.8 1.3 - - 146
95 6 100.0 2.2 93.3 1.8 2.7 100.0 2.1 94.9 1.4 1.6 100.0 1.6 96.4 0.5 1.5 100.0 2.0 93.9 1.6 2.6 100.0 0.9 93.6 1.7 3.8 100.0 4.2 92.8-3.1 100.0 5.6 83.6 7.8 3.0 100.0 6.0 91.0-3.0 95 6 100.0 3.0 95.2 0.9 1.0 15~24 100.0 5.6 93.3 0.0 1.2 25~34 100.0 2.5 95.8 0.9 0.9 35~44 100.0 2.7 95.8 1.2 0.4 45~54 100.0 4.5 91.7 0.7 3.1 55~64 100.0-100.0 - - 100.0 4.2 95.8 - - 100.0 7.7 92.3 - - 100.0 2.3 94.1 1.0 2.7 100.0 3.1 95.7 0.9 0.3 100.0 1.6 96.2 1.1 1.1 94 7 100.0 2.1 91.6 6.3-95 6 100.0 3.0 95.2 0.9 1.0-0.9 3.6-5.4-147
95 6 0.9 5.4 45.8 39.3 35.7 27.8 27.5 148