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276 21 1 Yang Chieh as a Lay Buddhist in the Northern Sung A Supplement to Yang Chieh s Biography in the Sung History Chi-chiang Huang Abstract This paper discusses the relations between Yang Chieh (dates unclear) and Buddhism, and argues that Yang Chieh was one of the most important lay Buddhists in the Northern Sung. As a lay Buddhist, Yang Chieh advocated the Pure Land faith, harmonized supporters of Ch an and Pure Land Buddhism, and promoted Hua-yen teachings, thus contributing to the continuous growth of Buddhist communities. Despite his renown, the biography of the Sung History records only his achievements in the areas of Confucian rites and music and fails to take into account his faith in and patronage of Buddhism. The paper begins with a discussion of a poem that Su Shih (1036-1101) wrote to bid Yang Chieh farewell when the latter was commissioned to accompany Uich on (1055-1101), a monk and prince from Korea, on a trip to Hang-chou. It points out that Yang Chieh was highly respected by his contemporaneous scholars and monks for being conversant with Buddhist scriptures and eloquent in argumentative discourse. The remaining section of the paper proves that Yang Chieh was indeed well versed in both Confucian * Chi-chiang Huang is a professor of Asian Languages and Cultures at Hobart and William Smith Colleges, U.S.A.
277 and Buddhist literature and that he was an active lay Buddhist. This section highlights Yang s dedication to the Pure Land faith and trust in the Buddha Amitabha, belief in the efficacy of intoning the Buddha Amitabha s name, familiarity with Hua-yen scriptures, and emphasis on the merit of scriptural studies. The paper also calls attention to how Yang Chieh held Yung-ming Yen-shou s Tsung-ching lu in high esteem, how he tried to harmonize the conflict between advocates of Ch an and Pure Land Buddhism, and how he supported the theory of the Mind-only Pure Land without succumbing to the notion of No Pure Land Outside of the Mind. To sum up, the paper does justice to Yang Chieh by detailing his close connection with Buddhism. Its portrayal of Yang Chieh can supplement Yang s biography in the Sung History, adding to it elements that are otherwise missing from the text. Keywords: Yang Chieh, Buddhism, Pure Land, Ch an, Hua-yen, Sung History