BIBLID (2009)27:4 pp 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期 ( 民國 98 年 12 月 ) * * 147

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1 BIBLID (2009)27:4 pp 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期 ( 民國 98 年 12 月 ) * * 147

2 148 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期 John Dardess John Dardess, Confucianism and Autocracy: Professional Elites in the Founding of the Ming Dynasty (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983), p Dardess (1961): Peter Ditmanson Peter Ditmanson, Death in Fidelity: Mid and Late Ming Reconstructions of

3 徐兆安 / 宋濂門人時期的方孝孺 ( ) Fang Xiaoru, Ming Studies (Fall & Spring 2001): Ditmanson b b

4 150 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期 8 讓 a a

5 徐兆安 / 宋濂門人時期的方孝孺 ( ) a

6 152 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期 b a

7 徐兆安 / 宋濂門人時期的方孝孺 ( ) b b b

8 154 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期 a a

9 徐兆安 / 宋濂門人時期的方孝孺 ( ) b a Peter Bol Peter Bol, Neo-Confucianism and Local Society, Twelfth to Sixteenth Century: A Case Study, in Richard von Glahn and Paul Smith, eds., The Song-Yuan- Ming Transition in Chinese History (Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Center, 2003), p

10 156 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期 b a

11 徐兆安 / 宋濂門人時期的方孝孺 ( ) a 13 32a 14 19b 17 5b a b b a

12 158 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期 b

13 徐兆安 / 宋濂門人時期的方孝孺 ( ) a a b b

14 160 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期 b a a a a b 50 John Dardess Confucianism and Autocracy, p. 280.

15 徐兆安 / 宋濂門人時期的方孝孺 ( ) b a

16 162 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期隣庻 b-21a b 11 11b 8 23a a

17 徐兆安 / 宋濂門人時期的方孝孺 ( ) 羣 a a 19 23a a 14 11b 14 34a

18 164 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期 a b b

19 徐兆安 / 宋濂門人時期的方孝孺 ( ) b b a b a a

20 166 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期 a b a 14 52a 16 28a 16 41a 18 29a 22 15a a

21 徐兆安 / 宋濂門人時期的方孝孺 ( ) a a a 84 41b a b

22 168 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期 a 88 12b

23 徐兆安 / 宋濂門人時期的方孝孺 ( ) a a

24 170 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期 b a b b b b

25 徐兆安 / 宋濂門人時期的方孝孺 ( ) a b a b b a 106

26 172 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期 b b a b a

27 徐兆安 / 宋濂門人時期的方孝孺 ( ) b

28 174 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期

29 徐兆安 / 宋濂門人時期的方孝孺 ( )

30 176 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期 : Bol, Peter Neo-Confucianism and Local Society, Twelfth to Sixteenth Century: A Case Study. In Richard von Glahn and Paul Smith, eds., The Song-Yuan- Ming Transition in Chinese History. Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Center, pp Dardess, John Confucianism and Autocracy: Professional Elites in the Founding of the Ming Dynasty. Berkeley: University of California Press. Ditmanson, Peter Death in Fidelity: Mid and Late Ming Reconstructions of Fang Xiaoru. Ming Studies (Fall & Spring 2001):

31 徐兆安 / 宋濂門人時期的方孝孺 ( ) 177 Fang Xiaoru: His Years as a Disciple of Song Lian ( ) Chu Shiu-on * Abstract This article traces the experiences of Fang Xiaoru ( 方孝孺, ) from 1376, when he became Song Lian s ( 宋濂, ) disciple immediately after his father s death, to 1383, the year he was summoned by Ming Taizu 明太祖 after the death of Song Lian. By reconstructing Fang s interaction with his mentor and other students of Song, this study tackles three unsolved questions in the studies of literati in the Hongwu reign ( 洪武, ). First of all, Song and Fang, as stated by Qian Mu 錢穆, had different attitudes toward Ming Taizu and the founding of Ming Dynasty. If Qian s account is valid, was there any clash of views between them? How did the mentor and the student, whose values were at such a polarity, interact with each other? Secondly, did Fang blame Ming Taizu for the death of his father and mentor, and express his grievances in his writings, as contended by scholars of Ming history and thought? Finally, in the famous Ming ru xue an 明儒學案, Liu Zongzhou ( 劉宗周, ) and Huang Zongxi ( 黃宗羲, ) regarded Fang as the Founding Master of Ming Learning, but was Fang really regarded as a grandmaster and the pioneer of Ming daoxue 道學, or just an inheritor of Song s literature by his coevals? The answers provided in this study may shed new light on the intellectual history of * Chu Shiu-on earned an M.A. in history from National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu.

32 178 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期 the Hongwu reign. Keywords: Fang Xiaoru 方孝孺, Song Lian 宋濂, Ming Taizu 明太祖, daoxue 道學, intellectual history

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