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類 / 度 () () 10 識度不類不不度量了度 A-1( 錄 ) 列料不不來略略來暴露度 ( 13 論金 15 論論 ) ( 16 ) 殺 (17 ) 殺 (21CFR) 殺利 ( 14 論冷 13 論 ) 195

量例 ( 13 論 ) 度 ph( 見 21CFR 114 冷見 13 ) 輻 FDA 輻不 11 / 度 1. 量 ( 量料來 )? 理料料列 A-1( 錄 ) 量 ( 10 ) 良理度 ( 度 ) 不理來 2. 理量 /? 若 / 度裡量量度 (ph) 利 () A-1 度不 196

度不良良 (Vibrio parahaemolyticus) 亂 (Vibrio cholerae) 李 (Listeria monocytogenes) 不良 Campylobacter jejunipathogenic strain of E. coli(salmonella spp.) Shigella spp. 金 (Staphylococcus aureus) (Yersinia enterocolitica) 若不理不度良若 / 度來 / 度 HACCP 不度不度連 / 度累. A-2( 錄 ) 了 / 度料若列 A-1 量理 ( 見 1) 不 ( 見 A-1) ( 例類 ) ( 見料 ) 若 A-2 不 / 度累累 3. 若 / 量理降度?( 不不行 12 CCP 來 ) 來來 / 度降 10 論了略論 / 度冷冷度 197

暴露度冷度 5 欄 12 3 3 欄若 3 欄 4 欄理若不不行 12 18 不 CCP 裡 4 立 FDA 了 HACCP 度 (prerequisite program) HACCP 理 HACCP 來類 HACCP ( 例 ) 不若了理行 HACCP 來 FDA FDA HACCP 什 FDA 立 GMP 來 3 欄 4 欄不 12 18 例行金金 198

不殺不良 ( 例 ) 12(CCP) 3 欄 / 度錄 2 CCP 來 CCP 來殺殺? 1. 殺殺 CCP 不 CCP 例 / 度 CCP 不 CCP 略 ( 理 ) 見料 16 () 17 ( 殺 ) 21CFR113 ( 殺 ) 略兩殺殺 / 度 ( 例金 ) 殺理不 / 度 2. CCP/ 度暴露例連串 ( 冷 ) 殺理了不冷度 199

冷狀冷 CCP 6 欄 14-18 略例 1 略略不度 CCP / 度兩來說不例龍拉 (fabricated products) 料冷不度累暴露殺 ( 殺 ) 殺 ( ) 不列 CCP 論殺殺不金理度列 (CCP) 冷切拉冷料冷 200

拉料 / 度 CCP 料殺不 CCP 不了若列不 / 度連冷 (IQF) 不不 / 度累狀 60 冷冷冷理刺不冷藍殺 () 殺冷行 1) 理行 2) 冷藍冷不良來降冷冷行理冷不不殺冷 201

殺不例冷料類例類列 (CCP)/ 度切 (portioning) 料若列不 / 度連不不 / 度累狀若行 13 HACCP 13 HACCP 6 欄來 CCP HACCP 1 欄 HACCP 2 欄 CCP 料 2 欄 202

14 HACCP / 度立來立若不若不流行更不不不異度來 12 略例略度度 / / 暴露 () 度 / / 冷 () / 冷率冷率立 ( 冷 ) / 度列例類 11 了了量量量類數量不量異狀不異 203

A-1 列量 1 數例 Campylobacter jejuniescherichia colilisteria monocytogenessalmonella spp.shigella spp.and Yersinia enterocolitica 量兩類句說度度度不暴露度數例量例金量 20 亂 100 金 10 / 了 1 若不 / 度量量例來金數不 1 / 數料理理度量量不論不量量參 A-2 來立 / 度度 21 暴露 2 ( 若金切 3 ) 度 10 21 暴露 6 ( 若金切 12 ) A-2 / 度度累度利來立暴露冷累累暴露 204

若不若冷理冷不累 / 度暴露理冷若冷理累暴露理 12 冷 CCP( ) 2 60 降 21 4 21 降 4.4 若度度更便若了度若了度度度若了 ( 度 ) 暴露例 ( 殺 ) 連串 ( 冷 ) CCP ( 狀 ) 降了度度冷欄行理冷列冷 4.4 行理暴露冷累 2 理 ( 例 21) 例連串 ( 冷 ) CCP 205

理冷 / 度不冷度 10 暴露度暴露不 ( 不 2-21 ) HACCP 3 欄 15 立 HACCP / 度立來若立 1) 什? 2)?3)? 率 4) 來行? 行量立率不 12 論略例立率不什? 略度不 206

度度冷量料冷冷度料冷冷量冷度 ( 度降 60) 冷率冷率立 ( 例冷度冷度量冷量 ) 暴露冷狀度度暴露冷狀 ( 度 21 狀不 21 度 ) 度 ( 度切度 [ 例 Salmonella spp. 10] 60) 度 ( 度 [ 例 Salmonella spp. 10]) 207

行? 略度不 TTI 度錄度度錄度冷量料冷錄度錄度料冷冷量冷度冷錄 ( 度錄 )/ 冷率冷率來立 208

例 (crayfish) 冷 CCP 冷 2 60 降 21 4 21 降 4.4 冷 2 4 度度例冷立了錄冷率例冷行冷率了冷率 ( 2 60 降 21 4 21 降 4.4) 冷列冷度冷 2 不 15.6 冷冷度不 4.4 冷冷量不 1000 度錄冷度量冷量度數度量度 / 冷暴露例連串 () CCP 立冷度暴露不 2 冷例立了更度 21 累不 2 度 10 累不 6 來了度更 209

例冷行理了 CCP 暴露 3.5 度 21.1 冷暴露 3.5 例龍 CCP 冷行 (10) 度暴露不數錄來度?( 率 ) 略度不率料冷率連料冷率兩冷率兩冷若率 210

率兩來行? 行略度行若度錄 / 度度數錄行類連度暴露量冷量理了來行料 HACCP 4567 欄 16 立 HACCP / 度立便若不行 1) 不不流 2) 離離不不行 12 論略例立略度不若不 / 度暴露來 211

列理冷冷冷冷列來理 / 度暴露來若金不 ( 例 ) 若金 HACCP 8 欄 17 立錄 HACCP / 度列行 15 錄錄落行數錄錄 HACCP HACCP 良 212

12 論略例錄立略度不錄錄 TTI 錄列度錄錄量冷量料冷錄錄列度錄錄度錄料冷錄錄量冷冷錄錄度錄列錄 (/ 度冷數量錄錄列 ) 冷率冷率 213

錄錄度錄列 HACCP 錄 HACCP 9 欄 18 立 HACCP / 度立來 HACCP 1)2) 行 12 論略例立略度錄 1 錄度錄來度 (NIST 量 ) 錄度錄來狀度 (NIST ) 度度度 (NIST ) 年 ( 率狀 ) HACCP 10 欄 214

12-1 略例 1 - / 度 - 1 藍 () HACCP 略例 1-/ 度來 / 度 HACCP 例, 說, 參 3-1, 3-2, 3-3()( 例,, 金 ) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) 錄 (CCP) 率行冷 2 60 降 21, 4 21 降 4.4 度度量冷兩量冷 () 錄, 立殺冷冷 4.4,, 累不 2, 度 21 冷度暴露冷錄連兩 / 度暴露錄列立, 冷 / 度暴露錄錄數度,, 錄 1, 錄 1 215

12-1, (1) (CCP) (2) 冷冷 4.4 (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) 率行冷度錄連 (8) 冷 () (9) 錄錄列 (10) 錄,, 累不 2 暴露冷兩 / 度暴露立, 冷 / 度暴露錄,, 錄 1, 錄 1 216

12-1, (1) (CCP) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) 率行暴露冷,, 累不 2 兩 (8) 立, 冷 / 度暴露 (9) 錄錄 (10), 錄 1 冷冷 4.4 冷度錄連冷 () 錄列錄 / 度暴露,, 錄 1 217

12-2 略例 1 - / 度 - 2 藍 () HACCP 略例 1-/ 度來 / 度 HACCP 例, 說, 參 3-1, 3-2, 3-3()( 例,, 金 ) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) 錄 (CCP) 率行,, 暴露冷行殺 / 度暴露車錄,, ( 行 ) 不 3.5, 3.5 不 21 量 / 度暴露錄, 錄 1 度錄, 錄 1 218

() 10 識不度不度 7 12 15 金論 14 論殺 17 論 ( 10 ) 兩類 A B F E B F 狀易殺不度 A-1 例類類冷冷來 E B F 度 3A B F 度 10 219

冷更度冷不 () 零度 7-10 不不見度 10 來料類類 E A B 陸殺殺 ABEF ( 例 )( 21CFR113) 不 HACCP 1) 殺殺 E B F( 見 17 ) 2) 冷 A B F ( 例殺 )( 見 ) 度 (ph) ABE F ( 21CFR114) 不 HACCP ABEF ( )( 見 14 ) 1) 度 (ph) 度 E B F 2) 冷 A B F( 例冷 [])( 見 ) 1)()( ) E B F 220

2) 冷 A B F ( 例 )( 見 ) 暴露利度 ( 見 ) 來 ( 見 Compliance policy guide sec.540.650) 若 13 5 ( anchoviesherring sprats) 若度 10% 0.85 ph 0.6 不類金 12 論度 E B F E B F (sableshadchubs 見 FDA Compliance Policy Guide sections 540.500 540.200) E B F 殺冷不 E B F 冷冷不冷度度度度 E B F 更度 221

度度 A B F A B F 冷 A B F 類類 E B F 列度 5% 度降 ph5 降 0.97 ( 例來利 ) 利 ph/ 來 E B F ( 來立 ) ( ph) 來 E B F 不 A B F 冷列類度 10% 222

ph 4.6 降 0.85 ( 金 )( 例來利 ) 類不殺 ( 殺 ) 類 E B F 17 論 A B F 來冷冷 E B F 10 11 1.? A-1( 錄 ) 了若 / 度來 / 度 HACCP / 度不連若 / 度累不 / 度 ( 例 double seamed cans) 類利 223

理不度 10%() 1)(heat shock) 刺 2) 降數 3) A-2( 錄 ) 了度若度累理 2. 降度? ( 不不行 12 CCP 來 ) 來來降 10 論略 / 度冷度 (3.3) 暴露度冷殺殺 ABE F ( 例 )( 21CFR113) HACCP 224

1) 殺殺 E B F( 見 17 ) 2) 冷 A B F ( 例殺 )( 見 ) 度 (ph) ABE F ( 21CFR114) 不 HACCP ABEF ()( 見 14 ) 1) 度 (ph) 度 E B F 2) 冷 A B F ( 例冷 [])( 見 ) 1)() E B F 2) 冷 A B F ( 例 )( 見 ) 5 欄 ( ) 類冷理 sous vide 來類不論度例零度例零度錄錄 TTI 1 2 3 欄若兩 4 欄理若 3 欄不不行 12 18 不 CCP 裡 225

4 立不立冷冷冷冷 ( 例冷冷 ) 不 12(CCP) 3 欄錄 2 CCP 來 CCP 1. ( ph 4.6 )( 0.85 ) 殺 ( 殺 E B F ) 殺 ()? a. 殺殺 CCP 不不 CCP 例殺殺 E B F 冷來 A B F ( 殺 ) 度例度 ( 冷 )/ 度 CCP 14 列略殺見 17 18 226

見 14 見 21CFR114 殺見 21CFR113 21CFR113 114 殺不 HACCP b. 殺殺列 (salting) 類類 () 立不論立 HACCP 類 () 略例 1-/ 類 ( ) 略例 2- 略例 1-1. / 度? 冷 / 度 / 易冷不殺 6 欄 / 2. 度量 ()? 227

類度若降量類 E B F 度兩 6 欄 3. 度? 度 10% 度 A B F 10% 度度 6 欄料 (salmon pate) 料 () / 度 CCP 4. / 度? 累 / 度不 / 度 6 欄 14-18 略例 1 略略不度若行 13 略例 2 - (pickling) 列類 1. 度 / ph? 類度 / ph 228

E B F 度 6 欄 2. 度? 度 10% ph 4.6 0.85 ( 金 ) 度例 6 欄類料例零料 () / 度 CCP 3. / 度? 累 / 度不 / 度例 6 欄 14-18 略例 2 略略不度若行 13 229

HACCP 13 HACCP 6 欄來 CCP HACCP 1 欄 HACCP 2 欄 CCP 料 2 欄 14 HACCP 立來立若不若不流行更不不不異度來 12 略例略例冷 (smoker) 度 32.2 - 度 62.8 30 / 230

// 立列狀若度 2.5% 若度 3.5% 若 3.0% 度 100ppm 若度 10% 度例度度量類 / 度度度度略例來立列狀度 5% ph 5.0 0.97 度 ph/ E B F 度度 / 例 // 度度量類略例不暴露 10 列來 231

冷度 10 量冷 ( 例量 ) 不暴露 10 度 12 21 4 不 60 不來不暴露 10 列來冷度不 10 量冷 ( 例量 ) HACCP 3 欄 15 立 HACCP 立來若立 1) 什? 2)?3)? 率 4) 來行? 行量立立率不 12 論略例立 232

率不什? 略例冷度度 / 立 / 度例度度量類 / 度度度度度度略例來立 / 度 / 例 // 度度量類度 ph/ 略例 233

冷度冷量暴露冷度 ( 冷 ) 度 ( 若冷 ) 暴露冷 ( 21 冷若 [ 不 4 ] 不 21) 度 ( 度 10 60) 度 ( 10 度冷 ) 不來度車度冷量行? 略例冷錄度錄度 234

3 錄 / 度錄錄 / 度 () 度錄易讀量 / 度度度度數度度度略例來度度 ph 度數度 / 度度 ph/ 略例錄 235

度錄度冷量數度度 / 暴露冷不來 / 度度錄度度錄度冷量?( 率 ) 略例冷率連率連 236

/ 率度連度度兩度例度略例來率 /// 度 // 兩 / 度 /// 例度 ph/ 略例率連 237

率兩不來率來行? 行略例行若度錄 / 度度錄來行類 ( ) 連度度 ph 冷量列行了率行料 HACCP 4567 欄 16 立 HACCP 立便若不行 1) 不不流 2) 離離不不行 12 論略例立 238

略例冷不列理 / / 離列不離 (LACF 冷 ) 不列理離列不離 (LACF 冷 ) 239

/ 不列 / 度流度度來流度度度度例不度列度 / 度來不離 (LACF 冷 ) 度 / 度列不離 ( 例 ) 略例來 240

不列 / 度 / 例 / 不 / 度列度 ph/ 來不離 ( 冷 ) 度 5% ph 5.0 0.97 度 ph / 列不離 ( 例 ) ( 若不 ) 略例不列理冷度 241

冷冷冷離列 / 度暴露來不列冷冷離列 / 度暴露來不離 ( 冷 ) 不來 / 度冷量 / 度暴露來 HACCP 8 欄 242

17 立錄 HACCP 列來 15 錄錄落行數錄錄 HACCP HACCP 良 12 論略例錄立略例冷錄錄列度錄度錄錄列錄錄 62.8 / 錄 / 度度錄錄列錄 ( 度度例類錄 )/ 立 243

度略例來錄錄 (/ 度度 / 例類 / 錄 )/ 立度 ph 略例錄錄列度錄度錄錄錄 / 度錄錄列不來錄 / 度錄錄列度錄 244

量冷錄 HACCP 錄 HACCP 9 欄 18 立 HACCP 立來 HACCP 1)2) 行 12 論略例立略例錄立 ( 了度 ph) 立 / 度 2.5% 3.5% 3.0% 100ppm 10% 立 / 識識累兩立 / 理 // 行立來立立 / 立 / 立錄留若錄度錄度 ( 度量 ) 度若錄度錄來狀度 ( 度量 ) 度度度年度 ( 度量 ) 度 ( 率狀 ) 245

度 ( 列 ) 略例錄立 ( 了度 ph) 立 // 度 5%pH 5 0.97 度 ph/ 聯 E B F ( 立 ) 立 // 識識累兩立 // // 行立來立立 / 立 / / 立錄留若錄度錄度 ( 度量 ) 度若錄度錄來狀度 ( 度量 ) 度度度年度 ( 度量 ) 度 ( 率狀 ) ph 度 ph( 列 ) HACCP 10 欄 246

13-1 略例 1 / HACCP 略例 1- 來 HACCP 例, 說, 參 3-1, 3-2, 3-3()( 例,,,,, 金 ) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) 錄 (CCP) 率行 6 錄度 60o 度度度錄 / 立,, 錄 1 / 例 21 度 1.5 (3.8 ) ( 度 3.5%) 量 ( 量 ) 量度量度度 (10 ) 例說, 度錄錄錄量度 247

13-1, (1) (CCP) // (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) 率行兩度 63, 30 度數錄冷 3 連, (8),, (9) 錄錄錄列 (10) / 立,, 錄 1 錄度冷冷不 4 冷冷冷 / 度暴露錄, 錄 1 例說, 248

(1) (CCP) (2) 冷冷度 10 13-1, (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) 率行冷數度錄連, (8) 理冷 / 度暴露 (9) 錄數錄列 (10),, 錄 1 錄冷度 10 冷度數錄連, 理冷 / 度暴露數錄列,, 錄 1 錄例說, 249

13-2 略例 2 HACCP 略例 2- 來 HACCP 例, 說, 參 3-1, 3-2, 3-3()( 例,,, 金 ) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) 錄 (CCP) 率行 ph ph ph 5.0 ph ph 冷度 10 冷度連, ph 理冷 / 度暴露錄,,, 錄 1,, 錄 1 250

14-1 略例 1 HACCP 略例 1- 來不 HACCP 例, 說不, 參 3-1, 3-2, 3-3()( 例,, 金 ) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) 錄 (CCP) 率行 ( 流 ) 度 0.64 度切切錄切 0.64 / 立 5 度 60 度錄錄連, 連, 離,, 若 >0.85 錄列錄列,, 錄 1 錄例說, 262

金 ( ) 10 識若金切金 12 論不殺金金料不不暴露金度金 5.0-6.1 度 0.85 ( 金料見錄 A-1) 金 10 不暴露 10 來若暴露 10-21 12 暴露 21 3 略略暴露度 ( 金論 13 論 12 論 ) 263

( 見 16 ) 殺 ( 見 17 ) 殺 ( 見 21CFR113) 殺 ( 14 論冷 13 論 ) 量例 ( 13 論 ) 度 ph( 見 21CFR 114 冷見 13 ) 11 金 1./ 金? 行 / 度不 / 來不 / 度金 HACCP 10 了 // 度 2. 金降度? ( 不不行 12 CCP 來 ) 來金降 10 論了略論 // 度不金 264

暴露 10 / 5 欄 1 2 3 欄若兩 4 欄理若 3 欄不不行 12 18 不 CCP 裡 4 立金不 12(CCP) 3 欄金錄 2 CCP 來 / CCP 14-18 略例 1 略略不度 / 6 欄欄 5 欄 /( / 3 欄金 265

3 欄 ) 例 / 金不若行 13 HACCP 13 HACCP 6 欄來 CCP HACCP 1 欄 HACCP 2 欄 CCP 料 2 欄 14 / 立立若不若不流行更不不不異度來 12 略例略例度 10 累不 12 度 21 累不 3 266

HACCP 3 欄 15 立來 / 若立 1) 什? 2)?3)? 率 4) 來行? 行量立立率不立 / 率不什? 略例度行? 略例錄度錄度 267

度?( 率 ) 略例率連若度兩來行? 行略例行若度錄度錄度來度理了來行率行料 HACCP 456 7 欄 16 立 / 1) 不不流 2) 離離不不行 / 立略例不列 268

/ 復冷離列行 / 暴露來金 HACCP 8 欄 17 立錄 15 / 論列行錄錄落行數錄錄 HACCP HACCP 良 / 錄立略例錄錄列度錄度錄錄度錄 HACCP 錄 HACCP 9 欄 269

18 立 / 立來 HACCCP 1)2) 行 / 立略例錄若錄度錄度 ( 度量 ) 度若度度年度 ( 度量 ) 度 ( 率狀 ) HACCP 10 欄 270

15-1 略例 1 HACCP 略例 1- 來金 HACCP 例, 說金, 參 3-1, 3-2, 3-3()( 例, 金 ) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) 錄 (CCP) 率行金度冷度錄度不 10 12, 不 21 3 度錄連, 離度錄,, 錄 1 例說, 271

() 10 識理行 ( 度 ) 料不來例龍 (crayfish meat) 拉來立度都立略來殺 ( 論 ) 殺 ( 17 論 ) 殺 ( 21CFR113 ) 暴露度 ( 12 論 13 論金 15 論 ) 272

利來量 ( 14 論冷 13 論 ) 量 ( 13 論 ) 度 ph( 21CFR114 13 論冷 ) 11 1. 量 ( 量料來 )? 理列 A-1( 錄 ) 量 10 良理度不 HACCP 理度 ( 度 ) 理理理度量 ( 例 ) 12 論 2. 若量降度? ( 不不行 12 CCP 來 ) 來降 10 論了略行列 5 欄 273

1 2 3 欄若兩 4 欄理若 3 欄不不行 12 18 若殺不不不不 CCP 裡 4 立不 12(CCP) 3 欄錄 2 CCP 來 CCP 殺? 1. 殺 CCP 不 CCP 例殺殺 274

殺殺 6 欄欄 ( 殺 3 欄 3 欄 ) 參 17 殺 CCP 殺 2. 不殺 CCP 6 欄欄 ( 3 欄 3 欄 ) 14-18 略例 1 略略不度若行 13 HACCP 13 HACCP 6 欄來 CCP HACCP 1 欄 HACCP 2 欄 CCP 料 2 欄 14 立 ( 見 18-) 立 ( 例度 )( 1/ 2 ) 若 275

不流行更不不不異度來略例立 ( 連度 ) 度 () 度立度不異 HACCP 3 欄 15 立若立 1) 什? 2)?3)? 率 4) 來行? 行量立立率不立率不什? 略例 276

立度立率不度行? 略例度錄錄來度易讀量度 () 來 ( 例度類度 ) 連度錄錄度易讀量度 ( ) 連不行量列來量輪 RPM 量立 ( 例度類度 ) 277

?( 率 ) 略例率連度率連率連度度率來行? 行略例行度來了錄料理了來行連行度來錄料理 278

了來行率行料 HACCP 456 7 欄 16 立 1) 不不流 2) 離離不不行立略例不列度度不度離列行離理度若理離不 ( 例 ) 279

HACCP 8 欄 17 立錄 15 論列行錄錄落行數錄錄 HACCP HACCP 良錄立略例錄列度錄錄列若行連錄錄連錄度錄錄列錄輪 RPM 錄錄 ( 例度錄 ) HACCP 錄 HACCP 9 欄 18 立立來 HACCCP 1)2) 行 280

立略例立立李冷 ( 見 12 ) 立力識識累兩立理 (thermal death time) 度行立狀立殺度 ( 82) 來立聯來立立 / 立立錄留度 ( 類 ) 度錄錄度度錄度度數不度 ( 類 ) 年度 ( 度量 ) 度 ( 率狀 ) 錄 HACCP 10 欄 281

16-1 略例 1 連 HACCP 略例 1- 來 HACCP 例, 說, 參 3-1, 3-2, 3-3()( 例,, 金 ) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) 錄 (CCP) 率行 2.5 錄量度度離立,, 錄 1 度 99 度錄連, 離,, 錄列度錄年度例說, 282

殺 () 10 識殺若殺理行殺 1) 冷都 E B F ( 都見類 ) 2) 數 ( 例李 Vibrio vulnificus) 不 E E 殺不例殺殺李 E 龍冷 E 殺了利來立殺殺立略來殺殺 ( 論 )( 16 論 ) 殺 ( 21CFR113 ) 283

殺 ( 18 ) 度 ph( 21CFR114 13 論冷 ) 利來量 ( 論冷 13 論 ) 量 ( 13 論 ) 暴露度 ( 12 論 13 論復金 15 論 ) 11 殺 1. 量 ( 量料量 )? 理列 A-1( 錄 ) 量料不不良理度不 HACCP 理度 ( 度 ) 理理理度量 2. 若量降度? ( 不不行 12 CCP 來 ) 來殺降 284

殺 10 論了略殺行殺列 5 欄 1 2 3 欄若兩 4 欄理若 3 欄不不行 12 18 不 CCP 裡 4 立殺不 12(CCP) 3 欄殺錄 2 CCP 來殺 6 欄欄 ( 殺 3 欄殺 3 欄 ) 14-18 略例 1 略略不 285

度若行 13 HACCP 13 HACCP 6 欄來 CCP HACCP 1 欄 HACCP 2 欄 CCP 料 2 欄 14 殺立 ( 見 18-) 立殺 ( 例殺度 )( 1/ 2 ) 若不流行更不不不異度來殺略例殺立殺 ( 連殺度 ) 度度 ( 殺度 ) 殺度不異 286

10 立都 E 李 Vibrio vulnificus HACCP 3 欄 15 立殺若立 1) 什? 2)?3)? 率 4) 來行? 行量立立率不立殺率不什? 略例殺立殺 ( 連殺度 ) 度度 ( 殺度 ) 行? 略例殺殺 287

度錄錄來殺度易讀量殺度殺連度錄錄殺度易讀量殺度量列來量輪 RPM 量殺 ( 例度類度度量殺度 )?( 率 ) 略例殺殺率連殺度殺連殺率連殺度殺度 288

殺率率來行? 行略例殺殺行殺度來錄料殺理了來行連殺行殺度來錄料殺理了來行殺行理了來行率行料 HACCP 456 7 欄 16 立殺 1) 不不流 2) 離離不不行 289

殺立略例殺不列度殺度落度度度度殺離列行離殺理度若殺理離不 ( 例殺 ) HACCP 8 欄 17 立錄 15 殺論列行錄錄落行數錄錄 HACCP HACCP 良 290

殺錄立略例殺錄度錄錄列殺殺錄連錄度錄錄列殺錄輪 RPM 殺錄錄 ( 例度殺錄殺度錄 ) HACCP 錄 HACCP 9 欄 18 立殺立來 HACCCP 1)2) 行殺立略例殺立殺立立殺力識識累兩立殺 291

殺理 (thermal death time) 度行立聯來立立 / 立殺立錄留度 ( 類 ) 度錄錄度度錄度度數不度 ( 類 ) 年度 ( 度量 ) 殺度 ( 率狀 ) 錄 HACCP 10 欄 292

17-1 略例 1 殺 HACCP 略例 1- 殺來殺冷藍殺 HACCP 例, 說殺, 參 3-1, 3-2, 3-3()( 例,, 殺, 金 ) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) 錄 (CCP) 率行殺 2.8 度度冷殺殺錄度離立殺 120 度 87 度 / 87, 度錄殺度度錄連, 殺度錄, 殺例說, 離,, 殺錄度錄,, 錄 1 度度錄年度 293

殺 () 10 識殺若殺理行殺 1) 冷都 E B F ( 都見類 ) 2) 數 ( 例李 Vibrio vulnificus) 了殺殺切 17 了殺殺殺兩殺冷若不良冷冷冷冷理理來 294

略來殺 () 殺 ( 16 論 ) 殺 ( 17 論 ) 殺 ( 21CFR113 ) 度 ph( 21CFR114 13 論冷 ) 利來量 ( 論冷 13 論 ) 量 ( 13 論 ) 暴露度 ( 12 論 13 論復金 15 論 ) 11 殺 1.( 殺 )? 理冷若 2. 殺降度? ( 不不行 12 CCP 來 ) 來殺降 295

殺 10 論了略殺殺冷量理量來冷度列 5 欄 1 2 3 欄若兩 4 欄理若 3 欄不不行 12 18 不 CCP 裡 4 立殺不 12(CCP) 3 欄殺錄 2 CCP 來冷 ( 若 ) 冷 6 欄欄 296

( 冷 3 欄殺 3 欄 ) 14-18 略例 1 略略不度若行 13 HACCP 13 HACCP 6 欄來 CCP HACCP 1 欄 HACCP 2 欄 CCP 料 2 欄 14 HACCP 殺 ( 例冷 ) 立立若不若不流行更不不不異度來 12 略例略例 297

冷冷理度 HACCP 3 欄 15 立 HACCP 殺 ( 例冷 ) 若立 1) 什? 2)?3)? 率 4) 來行? 行量立立率不 12 略例立率不什? 略例 298

冷冷理度行? 略例 () double seamed 金 double seam cutoversseam sharpnessfalse seamsdeadheadingdroop 若 countersink wall chuckcable cuts flange 漏裂不良洞 delaminationseal creepflex cracks 若 cap tiltcrushed lug stripped capcut through 裂 () double seamed 金若 micrometer double seam 120 度量量 cover hookbody hook 度度度若量兩切不量 body hook 度度 burst testing 落離 ( 拉力度 ) 留度冷 lug-type caps (security 299

valueslug tension) lug-typetwist caps pull-up(lug position) 冷冷量理度?( 率 ) 略例率 30 sealing head 列行行理 4 sealing head 列行行理冷率理率率不 4 度來行? 行略例行理練來行 300

冷行理了率行料 HACCP 4567 欄 16 立 HACCP 殺 ( 例冷 ) 立便若不行 1) 不不流 2) 離離不不行 12 略例立略例離離來離離便不數 100% 冷理留若度不更 301

HACCP 8 欄 17 立錄 HACCP 殺 ( 例冷 ) 列行 15 錄錄落行數錄錄 HACCP HACCP 良 12 略例錄立略例錄錄錄冷錄錄理留錄度錄 HACCP 錄 HACCP 9 欄 18 立 HACCP 殺 ( 例冷 ) 立來 HACCCP 1) 2) 行 12 論略例立 302

略例錄冷錄 HACCP 10 欄 303

18-1 略例 1 301X408 殺藍 HACCP 略例 1- 來殺 HACCP 例, 說殺, 參 3-1, 3-2, 3-3( )( 例,, 殺, 金 ) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) 錄 (CCP) 率行見 cutovers, seam sharpness, false seams, deadheading, droop, chuck countersink wall cable cuts, product overlapping the flange, 漏不良,, jams,, 理,,,, 錄, 錄 1 Cover hook: 0.07, body hook: 0.072-0.088 in 度 0.125, 度 0.052-0.058, 度 80% Double seam teardown examination, using micrometer at 3 points on seam. 120oF apart. 4,, jams,, 理, double seam teardown record 冷殺例說, 錄, 錄 1 305

() 10 識類例硫 FD&C #5 硫來龍 FD&C #5 若 FDA 例拉 safrole FD&C #4 11 1.( 例硫 FD&C #5)( 例拉 safrole FD&C #4)( 例料 )? 例列理硫龍 ( 例 ) 不 306

來 FD&C #5 formulated fishery products 2. 度? ( 不不行 12 CCP 來 ) 來來降 ( 硫 FD&C #5) 龍硫量龍硫 ( 見 18) 若理 ( 見 18) 列 5 欄 1 2 3 欄若兩 4 欄理若 3 欄不不行 12 18 不 CCP 裡 307

4 立不 12(CCP) 3 欄錄 2 CCP 來 CCP 1. 若硫龍硫? a. CCP 行 CCP( 硫 ) 料不不不 CCP 6 欄料欄料 5 欄不了 ( 3 欄 3 欄 ) 14-18 略例 1 例若冷料硫硫 () 不料 308

b. 不硫料 CCP 料 6 欄 14-18 略例 2 例若冷料硫料硫 () 硫不 CCP c. 料硫 ( 硫 ) CCP 料硫 CCP 料不 CCP 6 欄料欄料 5 欄不了 ( 3 欄 3 欄 ) 14-18 略例 3 例若冷料硫留硫硫 ( ) 不料 2. 若 FD&C #5 CCP( 硫 ) 行 FD&C #5 不 CCP 來 309

6 欄理欄理 5 欄不了 ( 3 欄 3 欄 ) 14-18 略例 1 例若 (sablefish) FD&C #5 理 FD&C #5( ) 不理 3. 若 ( 例拉 safrole FD&C #4) 料料 CCP 料 6 欄 14-18 略例 2 略略不度若行 13 HACCP 13 HACCP 6 欄來 CCP HACCP 1 欄 HACCP 2 欄 CCP 料 2 欄 14 HACCP 3 欄 310

立立若不若不流行更不不不異度來 12 略例略例硫 FD&C #5 略例料龍不硫龍硫略例料若硫料硫 HACCP 3 欄 15 立 HACCP 311

若立 1) 什? 2)?3)? 率 4) 來行? 行量立立率不 12 略例立率不什? 略例硫 FD&C #5 略例料硫留留硫 ( 見 18) 略例料硫列硫留硫 ( 見 18) 312

行? 略例略例料硫略例料列硫?( 率 ) 略例率若若略例料率料 313

略例料率若若龍來行? 行略例行理了略例料行理了度略例料行理了度率行料 HACCP 456 7 欄 16 立 HACCP 314

1) 不不流 2) 離離不不行 12 略例立略例離離略例料若硫略例料離離 17 立錄 HACCP 列行 15 錄錄落行數錄錄 HACCP HACCP 良 12 略例錄立略例錄錄 315

略例料錄硫略例料錄錄列錄硫 HACCP 錄 HACCP 9 欄 18 立 HACCP 立來 HACCCP 1)2) 行 12 論略例立略例錄略例料錄若行錄若硫硫略例料 316

錄若行錄若硫硫 HACCP 10 欄 317

19-1 略例 1 HACCP 略例 1- 來硫 HACCP 例, 說, 參 3-1, 3-2, 3-3()( 例,, 金 ) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) 錄 (CCP) 率行硫硫錄硫, 不硫離, 錄 1 319

19-2 略例 2 料冷 HACCP 略例 2- 料來硫 HACCP 例, 說, 參 3-1, 3-2, 3-3()( 例,, 金 ) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) 錄 (CCP) 率行料硫料硫料料料料硫硫留量,,, 錄 1 320

19-3 略例 3 料冷 HACCP 略例 3- 料來硫 HACCP 例, 說, 參 3-1, 3-2, 3-3()( 例,, 金 ) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) 錄 (CCP) 率行硫硫料離錄硫硫料 3 硫留量綠料 3 離 (10), 錄 1 321

金 ( 理 ) 10 識金金金 ( 切 ) 金零 ( 例 ) 量金來 11 金 1. 金 ( 例金料 )? 例來說零裂理金列來 / 來來切切料冷量螺螺切金不列來切金金 322

2. 若金度? ( 不不行 12 CCP 來 ) 若來金降金金切切零金金離列 5 欄 1 2 3 欄若兩 4 欄理若 3 欄不不行 12 18 不 CCP 裡 4 立金來金金離金不金異例 323

冷 filleting fish in-the-round (fish steak) 金不金例 3 欄 4 欄 ) 不 12 18 12(CCP) 3 欄金錄 2 CCP 來來金 CCP 金金力 floatation tank 離金? 1. 金金離 CCP 金不不金 CCP 金金離 6 欄欄 6 欄 5 欄不了金離 ( 金離 3 欄金 3 欄 ) 14-18 略例 1 例金金不金異 CCP 不金更力力金異 324

2. 不類離金立來金落零 CCP 若金金離 CCP CCP 6 欄 14 18 略例 2 例切切金金離 4 狀切 CCP 略略不度若行 13 HACCP 13 HACCP 6 欄來 CCP HACCP 1 欄 HACCP 2 欄 CCP 料 2 欄 14 HACCP 3 欄金立立若不若不流 325

行更不不不異度來 12 略例略例金離金 ( 靈度度金 3mm 金 2mmFDA 金異 8mm 行 ) 略例金金 CCP 不落金零 HACCP 3 欄 15 立 HACCP 金若立 1) 什? 2)?3)? 率 4) 來行? 行量立立率不 326

12 略例立率不什? 略例金離 CCP 金略例金 CCP 落金零行? 略例金離金行來離流金 ( 例料 ) 行來離流金 ( 例料料 ) 略例金落零例切零牢金落?( 率 ) 略例金離率 327

略例金率 4 不金落來行? 行略例金離行來理了來行略例金行理了狀來行了度力率行料 HACCP 456 7 欄 16 立 HACCP 金立便若不行 1) 不不流 2) 離離不不行 12 略例立 328

略例金離金金若金金金來金離列金金來落零金 ( 例金 ) 略例金離列離列金金 ( 例金 ) 329

HACCP 8 欄 17 立錄 HACCP 金列行 15 錄錄落行數錄錄 HACCP HACCP 良 12 略例錄立略例金離錄金金離錄略例金錄錄 HACCP 錄 HACCP 9 欄 18 立 HACCP 金立來 HACCCP 1)2) 行 12 論略例立略例金離金金離狀錄 330

略例金錄 HACCP 10 欄 331

20-1 略例 1 金離冷 (fish stick) HACCP 略例 1- 金離來金 HACCP 例, 說金, 參 3-1, 3-2, 3-3()( 例金 ) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) 錄 (CCP) 率行金金金金金金金來, 理若金, 金金錄 3 金,,, 錄 1 333

20-2 略例 2 金冷 HACCP 略例 2- 金來金 HACCP 例, 說金, 參 3-1, 3-2, 3-3()( 例 ) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) 錄 (CCP) 率行金, 錄 4,, 離金, 金, 錄 1 334

錄錄 HACCP 335

HACCP (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (CCP) 率行錄 336

HACCP (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (CCP) 率行錄 337

: : : : : (1) (2) (3) (5) (6) 說 3 欄料 /,, 來? 理?? (/) (/) 理理理理理 338

(1) (2) (3) (5) (6) 說 3 欄料 /,, 來? 理?? (/) (/) 理理理理理理 339

錄流例 1 流 () 冷冷切 340

錄 CCP 錄 CCP 數來不 (National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for FoodsNACMCF) CCP 341

#2 CCP 1.? 流 2. 度?? 3. 量不度? 4. 度? CCP CCP 342

錄錄了料 A-1 列料 (a w ) 度 (ph) 度 ph 度度料兩來數不 A-2 累 / 度暴露料數若 / 度料來論不暴露 21 暴露 2 ( 金 3 ) 暴露 10 不 21 暴露 6 ( 金 12 ) 不度度 (Pathogen Modeling ProgramPMP) (Food MicroModelFMN) 了來不不率 ph 度度 ( )FDA 不料數數異數 - 度 343

A-1 aw ph ph % 度度.92 4.3 9.3 18 39.2 131 of of 55 4 Campylocbactor jejuni.98 4.9 9.5 1.5 86 of 113 of 7 30 45 A.93 4.6 9 10 50 of 118.4 of B F 5 10 48 E.97 5 9 5 37.9 113 of B F of 55 3.3.93 5 9 7 50 of 125.6 of 10 52.95 4 9 6.5 44.6 of 7.0 李.92 4.4 9.4 10 31.3 of -0.4.94 3.7 9.5 8 41.4 of 5.2.96 4.8 9.3 5.2 43 of 6.1 金 -.83 4 10 25 44.6 of 7 金 -.85 4 9.8 10 50 of 10 亂.97 5 10 6 50 of 10.94 4.8 11 10 41 of 5.96 5 10 5 46.4 of 8.94 5 4.2 10 7 29.7 of -1.3 * ** 不 *** 120.9 of 49.4 113 of 45 115.2 of 46.2 116.8 of 47.1 122 of 50 118 of 48 109.4 of 43 111 of 44 109.4 of 43 107.6 of 42 * ** ** ** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** 344

A-2 / 度度累暴露狀 (Campylobacter jejuni) 86-93 F (30-34 C) 48 93 F ( 34 C) 12 A B F E B F 李金亂 * 更料 50-70 F (10-21 C) 70 F ( 21 C) 37.9-50 F (3.3-10 C) 51-70 F (11-21 C) 70 F ( 21 C) 44.6-50 F (7-10 C) 51-70 F (11-21 C) 70 F ( 21 C) 31.3-50 F (-0.4-10 C) 51-70 F (11-21 C) 70 F ( 21 C) 41.4-50 F (5.2-10 C) 51-70 F (11-21 C) 70 F ( 21 C) 12 * 4 * 24 12 4 * 14 6 3 2 12 * 3 * 14 6 3 43-50 F (6.1-10 C) 14 * 51-70 F (11-21 C) 70 F ( 21 C) 44.6-50 F (7-10 C) 51-70 F (11-21 C) 70 F ( 21 C) 6 * 3 * 14 12 * 3 50 F (10 C) 21 51-70 F (11-21 C) 70 F ( 21 C) 41-50 F (5-10 C) 51-70 F (11-21 C) 70 F ( 21 C) 46.4-50 F (8-10 C) 51-70 F (11-21 C) 70 F ( 21 C) 29.7-50 F (-1.3-10 C) 51-70 F (11-21 C) 70 F ( 21 C) 6 * 2 * 21 6 * 2 * 21 6 2 1 6 2.5 345

錄 FDA & EPA 量 FDA( 理 ) EPA() 量 (tolerance) 行 (action level) 量 (guidance levels) 量量律行量不都 346

A-3 FDA & EPA 量量 / 量參料 (Enterotoxigenic Compliance () Escherichia coli)(etec)-1x10 3 ETEC/gLT Program 7303.842 ST () 李 - Compliance Program 7303.842 - Sec.555.300 Compliance Policy () () () 冷 - 冷 - 金 -1. 金 2. 金數 10 4 /g(mpn) 亂 - 01 01 - 數 1x10 4 /g(kanagawa ) - -1. 2. Guide Compliance Program 7303.842 Compliance Program 7303.842 Compliance Program 7303.842 Compliance Program 7303.842 Compliance Program 7303.842-1.E. coli-mpn 230/100g ( Sec 560.600 5 3 更 Compliance Policy 數 ) Guide 2. 數 (APC)-500000/g( 5 3 更數 ) -1.E. coli 便 -5 Compliance 1 更 Program 7303.842 MPN330/100g 2 更 230/100g 2. 數 -5 1 更 1500000/g 2 更 500000/g 不 () Sec 540.650 Compliance Policy Guide (fish) 類類類 21CFR123.3(d) 類 347

量 / 量參料類類 - 量 500ppm 行 (defect action level) 50ppm 不若 50ppm 500ppm Sec 540.525 Compliance Policy Guide 聯 (PCBs)-2.0ppm()* 21CFR109.30 類類 Aldrin dieldrin-0.3ppm() Sec 575.100 Compliance Policy Guide Benzene Hexachloride-0.3ppm() Sec 575.100 Compliance Policy Guide Chlordane-0.3ppm() Sec 575.100 Compliance Policy Guide Chlordecone- 0.4ppm 0.3ppm() Sec 575.100 Compliance Policy Guide DDTTDE DDE-5.0ppm() Sec 575.100 Compliance Policy Guide Heptachlor heptachlor epoxide-0.3ppm() Sec 575.100 Compliance Policy Guide Mirex-0.1ppm() Sec 575.100 Compliance Policy Guide Diquat-0.1ppm* 40CFR180.226 類 Fluridone-0.5ppm* 40CFR180.420 (crayfish) 類 Glyphosate-0.25ppm* 40CFR180.364 類 Glyphosate-3.0ppm* 40CFR180.364 類 Simazine-12ppm* 40CFR180.213a 24-D-1.0ppm* 40CFR180.142 Salmonids 龍 Oxytetracycline-2.0ppm 21CFR556.500 Sulfamerazine- 不留 21CFR556.660 Salmonids Sulfadimethoxine/ormetoprim -0.1ppm 21CFR556.640 * 量 (fish) 類類類 21CFR123.3(d) 類 348

量 / 量參料 **- 不留 Sec 615.200 Compliance Policy Guide 類 76ppm 3ppm FDA 12ppm 1.5ppm 70ppm 86ppm 4ppm FDA 13ppm 1.7ppm 80ppm -1.0ppm*** Sec 540.600 Compliance Policy 冷 -0.8ppm(80µg/100g) saxitoxin 量神 -0.8ppm(20mouse units/100g)brevetoxin-2 量 -20ppm domoic acid dungeness 30ppm Guide Sec 540.250 Compliance Policy Guide Compliance Program 7303.842 類 (National Shellfish Sanitation Program Manual of Operations) Compliance Program 7303.842 ** INAD 更料見 11 *** 更料見 10 (fish) 類類類 21CFR123.3(d) 類 349

350