1 a b d 2 a b c
d e -100 100 1929
1 1 2 3 4 1
1840 1949
2 12 18 1878 1881 12 3 2 3 2000
1925 1926 1927 1927 4 20 1946 1948 4 20 50 60 5 4 2001 5 2001 351
1950
6 1978 6 1988 29
7 8 9 10 11 12 14 15 13 7 1984 8 1980 9 2007 10 15 10 1984 11 1992 12 1980 13 1986 14 1993 15 1984 1992
16 17 18 19 20 21 1992 68 2000 3458 2007 4581 66 1978 15 2005 2778 2007 3310 1992 1993 164 16 1984 1993 17 2002 18 19 2002 20 1984 21 1987 1992
2005 2637 2007 3033 1990 66 2005 1245 2007 1583 1978 7451 20 80 1995 11261 1995-1998 9058 2007 6424 1978 2048 1991 3628 2007 718 1 2 1200 0 1000 0 800 0 600 0 400 0 200 0 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 1
5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2 1978 4.6% 1992 17.6% 1997 20.4% 2002 25.6% 2007 37.5% 1/3 1/3
3 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1952 1957 1962 1965 1970 1975 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 3 % 1990 2.0 1992 6.5 1997 21.7 2002 30.7 2007 67.7
1978 1978 9514 22 1987 13783 1992 17861 1997 20781 2002 24780 2007 29350 2007 1978 3 4 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 1952 1957 1962 1965 1970 1975 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 4 22 1978
45000 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 1952 1957 1962 1965 1970 1975 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 5 1978 6945 1992 14355 2007 20629 1978 17% 1992 22% 2007 27% 1978 4890 2055 1992 13098 1994 2007 24917 1978 12% 1992 20% 2007 32% 80% 1978 28318 1991 39098 2007
31444 23 1978 71% 1992 59% 1997 50% 2007 41% 5 6 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 1952 1957 1962 1965 1970 1975 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 6 1982 2000 3 2005 1% 24 23 24 1982 1990 2000 2005
5 1982 1990 1.1% 2000 2005 1.2% 5.1% 5.3% 5.6% 7.6% 1.3% 1.7% 3.1%,3.7% 1.8% 3.0% 5.8% 7.0% 2.2% 2.4% 3.2%,5.2% 16.0% 15.2% 15.8% 17.9% 2005 1982 3.9 2005 1982 2.4 2005 1982 1.5 80 70 1982 60 50 1990 2000 2005 40 30 20 10 0 7 % 1982 1985 1990 1990 2000 2005 4 2000 1982 1990
57.0% 7 1982 72.0% 2005 1997 15.9% 13.4% 13.2% 8.1% 7.0% 12.9% 10.2% 9.6% 9.0% 6.4% 5.3% 25.5% 24.7% 19.4% 18.4% 17.0% 14.3% 25 1 1 % 0.3 3.0 7.8 7.0 19.9 42.6 19.4 0.8 1.5 6.6 3.7 12.5 23.9 50.9 0.1 0.8 1.0 6.0 3.2 9.6 16.4 62.9 0.2 25 1997 1999 p1311-1312
2000 4 2 2 % 5000 0.6 0.6 4.9 2.3 6.9 9.2 75.5 0.1 5000-7500 0.8 0.8 6.2 3.2 9.2 12.1 67.7 0.1 7500-10000 0.8 1.1 5.9 3.2 8.4 14.6 66.0 0.1 10000-12500 0.9 1.6 6.7 3.5 12.3 24.1 50.9 0.0 12500 0.8 2.7 10.9 7.7 18.6 34.1 25.2 0.1 20012000 26 26 161
2005 2464 1110 2000 676 2005 1% 5.53 4.02 72.7% 1.51 27.3% 47.6% 52.4% 67.1% 40.2% 20 50% 7 97.8% 68.3% 61.9% 59.6% 53.2% 51.2% 51.0%
8 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 8 % 2005 1% 8 70.5% 56.4% 53.8% 34.8% 33.8% 28.1% 20.4% 2005 1% 45.7% 38.5% 36.7% 22.4% 21.4% 18.7% 13.9% 10% 1.6% 2.1%
88.3% 84.3% 83.6% 83.5% 80.5% 79.7% 79.5% 5.4% 9.0% 11.9% 9 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 9 % 2005 1% H H
1978 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 10 2007 2008
43.7% 39.1% 36.2% 35.3% 31.5% 31.2% 15.8% 14.3% 11.6 10.9% 10.3 10.2 9.4% 11 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 11 % 2005 1% 12 1982 2000 20 50 1978
1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0-200 -400 12 1982 2000 1982 1980 2000 1 1
2 3 4 5 2 2 6 1 600 2 2007 6 5 400 500 14 6 20 27 2 27 2008 2008 277-278
1 2 3 4 2009 7 22 66% 7 23 200
45 5000 7 24 3000 7 24 21 22 3 1 14 15 2 4 4 560 8 3 4
5 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2007 8 10 2009 1 2007
2009 1 5 25 0 ( ) 12 7 26 5 1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 1996 53.4% 2000 51.4% 2003 50% 49.6% 2007 40% 39.% 2001 18.8% 2002 19.4% 2003 20.2% 2005 29.6% 2006 30.7% 2007 31.3% 13
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1994 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 13 % 7 7 2005 50 3 3
1 1919 1944
2 28 3 4 28
5 60 6 720 24 7 29 29 http://www.sina.com.cn 2004 02 10 11:24
60% 2005 10 6
30 90% 31 32 30 31 32
33 2005 10 2005 11 28 1994 11 11 2 2006 1 17 2006 1 25 2006 6 12 2006 6 26 2006 8 8 33 2000 4 http://hi.baidu.com/hrmclub/blog/item/d9089e358fbde61490ef39ab.html
34 35 36 37 1 38 34 2006 7 35 36 2003 409 37 2006 465 38 2006
2004 40 12.5% 2004 11 26 76% 70 50% 60% 1/4 2004 10% 7 2
2004 25.44% 73.15% 1.41% 2003 WHO DOTs 6-8 6 8 2005 12.9% 10% 15% 39 39 15
46% 17% 61% 57% 2004 2470 3 10 10
60 1-2 40 41 40 41
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1994 19098 2002 184116 1994 10 2007 350182 1994 20 1994 52% 2007 35% 14
400000 350000 300000 250000 200000 150000 100000 50000 0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 14 42 43 42 1984 43 2007 10 15
44 44
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12 13 14 15 45 1999 9 46 45 2001 7 2001 46
47 48 47 2003 2003 277 48 1998 1998 327
49 1950 6 1992 1950 1992 50 49 50 2001 2001 326
51 1 2 3 4 51 2001 2001 327