(3) 25-62 2002 7 enqvist.tw@yahoo.com.tw 1 [ ]2002/3/16; [ ]2002/4/25; [ ]2002/6/23 1 2001
26 (3) (Cyber Space) (Use and Gratification) ( ) MUDs IRC (instantaneous interaction)
27 MUDs IRC BBS 2 BBS BBS (plain text) MUDs IRC BBS Bormann 1972 (Symbolic Convergence Theory) (rhetoric) 3 (process) (result) BBS 2 BBS 2000 BBS BBS IRC MUD BBS BBS 1997 TANet BBS BBS BBS 3 rhetoric rhetoric Plato Aristotle St. Augustine Kenneth Burke rhetoric rhetoric rhetoric 2000Foss 1985
28 (3) (symbolic landscape) 4 ( ) (Symbolic Convergence Theory SCT) Minnesota Bormann 1972 Bormann Bales(1970) Bales Bales Bormann(1972) (dramatized) Bormann (dramatized message) (fantasy) Bormann(1972 1978b) (creative) 4 Bormann
29 (imaginary) (interpretation) (fantasy theme) (chain out) (shared theme) (common shared ground) Bormann(1978b 1994b) 5 (shared imagination) Bormann (social artifact) (public evidence) (rhetorical artifact) (truth) (reality) (rhetorical acts) (Foss 1989 Bormann 1972 2000 1993) 5 Bormann communication 1994b:40
30 (3) Foucault ( ) Foucault(1969) (episteme) (discursive formation) 6 Foucault (1993) 7 Foucault Nietzsche Bormann (rhetoric as epistemology) ( ) (convergence) (symbolic landscape) (public evidence) (Bormann 1972 1978a 1978b 1994b 2001) Bormann (fantasy theme 6 Discursive formation 1996 7 1993
31 analysis) (stock memory) (character) (plot line) (setting) (fantasy type) (symbolic cue) (elaborated) Bormann (rhetorical vision)bormann (scripts) ( ) McDonald(1978 Bormann 1994b) (master analogy) (1997) (1996) (1994) (rhetorical community) Bormann(1978b 1994b)
32 (3) Bormann 8 ( ) Bormann Bormann (Bormann 1972) ( ) Bormann 1972 Bormann 1972 8 Bormann Koval-Jarboe 1986Cragan & Shields 1992 Bormann The Symbolic Convergence of Communication and Organizational Culture Organization: Communication Emerging Perspective (4) 1994
33 Bormann Pratt Putnam(1978a) (leadership) 1978 Bromann Koester Bennett(1978b) ( ) Bormann Q (Q Methodology) (inter-context) (1994) (1993) (1996) (1996) (1999)
34 (3) (1999) (2001) 1986 1994 ( ) ( ) BBS BBS(Bulletin Board System ) BBS (Computer-Mediated Communication, CMC) BBS
35 BBS (community) (Jones 1997 Rheingold 1993) BBS BBS (interactivity) audience (call-in) ( ) ( ) Call-in ) BBS ( ) ( ) Rafaeli & Sudweeks(1997) 9 BBS (physically visible) BBS ID ( ) ID Foucault(1978) 9 Rafaeli Sudweeks interactivity A B A A B A B
36 (3) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) BBS ID BBS IRC MUD CMC BBS IRC MUD (1997) IRC MUD (1999) IRC 3.6% BBS 60% (the comparison of communication effects) BBS IRC MUD BBS BBS IRC MUD (scrolling) BBS IRC MUD (utterance) BBS
37 BBS ( ) BBS (the symbolic landscape of cyber erotic) (porn materials) 10 BBS BBS (symbolic ground) BBS BBS 10 1997 The Carnegie Mellon study hard-core soft-core Hard-core soft-core
38 (3) BBS BBS ( ) (process) (sequential) Griffin(2000) Bormann Bormann Bormann ( 2000) ( ) BBS (telnet://sex.kkcity.com.tw)
39 KKcity BBS 11 KKcity KKcity 4,500 KKcity BBS ( ) BBS 44 ( ) ( ) ( ) 3,517 (follow-up posts) 399 ( ) 11 KKcity BUS TM BBS United System KKcity BBS BBS KKcity BBS
40 (3) Bormann (fantasy theme) (fantasy type) (rhetorical vision) Bormann (1972) Bormann Bormann Foss(1989) Bormann Foss Bormann
41 Bormann(1972) (creative) (imaginary) (interpretation) ( ) 05R09 05R12 05R14 -.-,,, :p bf cc......... Foss
42 (3) (chain out) ( ) ( )
43 (post) 05Q01 ~~ ~~ 05R03 05R07 05R06 05R08 -.- 52R06 \_/* ~~ :~ Sexual Attitudes: Myths & Realities (1995:31) Bullough & Bullough ( stritnatra)
44 (3) 52R08, 52R10 high ( ) Call-in Q & A 16Q01! 16 17 size 2!!
45... 12 13 (!)...: size ~~:) 16 17 16R03 16R10 ( ) (physical cues) (
46 (3) ) ( ) (conspicuous marking) ( ) (scientific discourse) BBS (agency) 16R01,... ( )
47 ( ) ( ) 39R02 gf( gf=girl friend ) 39R01 gf ( ) dd( dd ) ( ) 02R01!!!...
48 (3)... ~~ 02R02..... ( ).. (anal sex) 49R06 ( ) ( ) 51R07 ( ) ^_^
49 51R17 (movement) BBS (self empowerment) ( ) ( ) 18Q01 18R01 45R01 ( ) ( ) ~ ~ ~>< V.S. V.S. BBS
50 (3) V.S. V.S. ( ) ( ) 58Q01 ( ) 58Q02 RU-486 RU-486 RU-486 RU-486 50R01 49R03
51 25Q01 >_<ll 25R01 25R02 ~~~!!! 25R05 25R06 ~~~~~ 25R08 ( ) ( ) Bormann (rhetorical vision) (stock collective memory)
52 (3) (rhetoric framework) (landscape) ( ) (safe and free sex is good sex) ( ) KTV
53 BBS ( ) ( ) BBS S M( )
54 (3) Foucault(1981) (the history about sex) (the history of sexuality) Foucault Foucault ( ) ( ) BBS (Jones 1997 Rheingold 1993) Foucault
55 12 (panopticism) (panopticon) ( ) ( ) Foucault(1979) S M BBS 12
56 (3) Bormann (collective fantasy) V.S. ( Q-Methodology)
57 (1993) (1993) ( ) 1 81-102 (1996) (1995) (1999) (2000) (1999) 1999 (2001) 2001 (1999) (2000) (2000) 2000 (1997) (1997) TANet BBS BBS (2001) 68 151-192 (1994) (1996) --
58 (3) (1993) (1999) Bormann, E. G. (1972). Fantasy and Rhetorical Vision: The Rhetorical Criticism of Social Reality, Quarterly Journal of Speech, 58: 396-407. Bormann, E. G. (1983). Symbolic Convergence: Organizational Communication and Culture, pp. 99-122 in Putnam, Linda and Michael E. Pacanowsky (Eds.) Communication and Organizations: An Interpretive Approach. CA: Sage. 1983. Bormann, E. G. (1985). Symbolic Convergence Theory: A Communication Formulation Based on Homo Narrans, The Journal of Communication, 35: 128-138. Bormann, E. G.(1994b). The Symbolic Convergence Theory of Communication and Organizational Culture, Pp. 40-59 in Thayer, Lee and Barnett, George A. (Eds.) Organization Communication: Emerging Perspectives IV. NJ: Ablex. Bormann, E. G., Cragan, J. F. & Shields, D. C. (1994a). In Defense of Symbolic Convergence Theory: A Look at the Theory and its Criticisms After Two Decades, Communication Theory 4: 259-294. Bormann, E. G., Koester, J. & Bennett, J.(1978b). Political Cartoons and Salient Rhetorical Fantasies: An Empirical Analysis of the '76 Presidential Campaign, Communication Monographs, 45: 317-329. Bormann, E.G., Pratt, J. & Putnam, L.(1978a). Power, Authority, and Sex: Male Response to Female Leadership, Communication Monographs, 45:119-155. Bullough, V. L. & Bonnie,.B. (1995). Sexual Attitudes: Myths & Realities. Amherst: Prometheus Books. ( ) 2000 Foss, S. K. (1979). Equal Rights Amendment Controversy: Two Worlds in Conflict, Quarterly Journal of Speech, 65:275-288.
59 Foss, S. K., Foss, K. A., & Trapp, Robert. (1985). Contemporary Perspective on Rhetoric. Waveland Press.( ) 1996 Foucault, M. (1979). Discipline and Punish: The Birth of Prison. New York: Vintage Books. ( ) 1998 Foucault, M. (1981). The History of Sexuality. New York : Vintage Books, ( ) 1 990 Foucault, M. (1986). The Archaeology of Knowledge. New York : Pantheon Books, ( ) 1998 Griffin, E. A. (2000). Weighing the Words of Ernest Bormann s Symbolic Convergence Theory, pp.20-32 in A first Look at Communication Theory, 4 th Ed., Boston: McGraw-Hill. Harding, J. (1998). Sex Acts: Practices Femininity and Masculinity. London: Sage,( ) 1998 Jones, Q. (1997). Virtual-communities, virtual settlements & cyber -archaeology: a theoretical outline, Journal of Computer Mediated Communication 3(3). [Online] Available: http://www.ascusc.org/jcmc/vol3/issue3/jones.htm Rafaeli, S & Sudweeks, F. (1997). Networked Interactivity, Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, 2(4). [Online] Available: http://www.ascusc.org/jcmc/vol2/issue4/rafaeli.sudweeks.html Rheingold, H. (1993). Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier. MA:Addison-Wesley.
60 (3) ( ) 07/01 07/01 1 1 ==!!! 07/01 07/06 6 6? 07/02 07/02 1 1?? 07/02 07/02 1 4 ~~ 07/02 07/05 4 27... 07/03 07/06 4 5??* 07/03 07/03 1 2.. 07/03 07/05 3 2 07/03 07/24 22 3???part2 07/03 07/04 2 5 ~~~ 07/04 07/06 3 1.. 07/04 07/08 5 6? 07/04 07/07 4 2 07/05 07/06 2 5... ~... 07/05 NA 1 0 07/06 07/09 4 7 ktv? 07/07 07/15 9 12 07/07 07/07 1 1 [ ] 07/07 NA 1 0... 07/08 07/11 4 11 HOTEL 07/09 07/09 1 1 07/09 07/11 3 1? 07/09 07/09 1 1 07/09 07/21 13 7 ~~~>_<? 07/09 07/12 4 8 07/10 07/14 5 5? 07/10 07/10 1 1 07/11 07/11 1 6 07/11 NA 1 0??? 07/13 07/20 8 7? 07/13 07/14 2 5 ~~~!!~~~ 07/14 07/16 3 3 07/15 07/16 2 3
61 ( ) 07/15 07/16 2 6? 07/16 NA 1 0 '' ''... 07/16 07/17 2 3 07/17 07/17 1 2 ~~ 07/17 07/21 5 8 07/17 07/20 4 2 07/18 08/04 15 10? 07/19 07/20 2 1 07/19 07/20 2 3!! 07/20 07/21 2 2? 07/21 07/22 2 4? 07/21 07/26 5 11 07/22 08/01 9 12... 07/22 07/29 8 2... 07/24 07/27 4 1!! 07/24 07/29 5 10? 07/26 07/27 2 8 07/27 07/29 8 19? 07/28 08/05 9 16? 07/29 07/29 1 2 DIY 07/28 07/29 2 3! 07/29 08/04 7 11 07/29 07/29 1 3? 07/29 08/02 5 6 07/30 08/04 6 3? 07/30 07/31 2 3, 07/31 08/02 3 7? 7/31 08/01 2 2 7/31 08/01 2 1? 7/31 08/03 4 6 63 +336 =399
62 (3) The Symbolic Landscape of Cyber Erotic: From A Rhetorical Perspective Jia-Jing Chen Institute of Communication Studies National Chiao Tung University Abstract This paper is the first empirical study which utilizes Symbolic Convergence Theory / Fantasy Theme Analysis to analyze cyber-erotic text. Grounded on rhetoric tradition, Symbolic Convergence Theory is powerful in presenting the dynamic process of how the rhetorical artifacts are created, competed and converged. By adopting the theory, researchers can observe the development of an organizational culture and further make a thick, precise interpretation of it. Several fantasy themes and types were found in this study. We also successfully draw the rhetorical vision from our analyzed materials: Safe and free sex is good sex. Under such a rhetorical vision, researchers present the sexuality, sex subjects and sexual practice among this rhetorical community. The coming of cyber society impacts many traditional paradigms, theories, and research methods. The tentative effort in this paper is to discuss application problem of Symbolic Convergence Theory in computer-mediated communication context. Keywords Cyber Erotic, Cyber Sex, Symbolic Convergence Theory, Fantasy Theme Analysis, Sexuality