~4 003 6 ( ) ( ) ( ) 5 1 ;005 ( ) 11 ; 006 9 (1) 300 500 ( 150 ) () ( ) (3) ( ) ( ) 007 6 9 ( ) 006 ( 6 18 ); ( ) 6

009 ( 190 ) [ ]1003-1553(009)0-0005-14 1 1 1 1 1 (1. 100875;. 13004) [ ] [ ] ; ; ; [ ] G44 [ ] A ( )? ( )?! ( ) ) [1] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 5

~4 003 6 ( ) ( ) ( ) 5 1 ;005 ( ) 11 ; 006 9 (1) 300 500 ( 150 ) () ( ) (3) ( ) ( ) 007 6 9 ( ) 006 ( 6 18 ); ( ) 6

009 ( 190 ) 1. (1) 007 6 ; ( ); ( ) 007 9 ( ) ( ); 16 ( 4 1. (1) () 1 ( ); ; ( 3 );3 4 19 ( 6 13 ) 7 ) 4 1 () 1 ( 100 90 ); ;3 5 15 30 30 ;4 100 7

30 30 40 40 ; 10~15 3. () (1) 1 0.688 0.688 1 070301 89 96 07030 81 87 070303 80 83 070304 5.5 63 070305 59 83 070306 6 76.5 070307 69 75.5 070308 55 69 070309 51 75 070310 71 76 070311 83.5 79 07031 65.5 74 070313 67 77.5 070314 71 67.5 070315 66.5 70.5 070316 77.5 78 070317 63.5 77 070318 41 70.5 070319 38.5 61.5 07030 7.5 74.5 07031 76.5 73 0703 36 6 07033 78.5 81 07034 66.5 8 07035 6 89.5 07036 65 79 07037 73 81 07038 78 86 07039 70.5 69 070330 61.5 79 070331 56.5 65 07033 71 83.5 070333 40 67.5 1 50 45.5 51.5 4 3 65 77 4 54 73 5 6.5 5.5 6 47.5 65 7 49 5 8 55 59.5 9 33.5 60 10 41.5 4.5 11 53 67.5 1 71 60.5 13 68.5 73.5 14 56 48.5 15 6.5 54 16 58.5 63 17 49.5 58 18 59 65 19 79.5 8.5 0 59 57.5 1 64 59.5 55.5 65 3 47.5 55 4 40.5 37 5 65.5 63.5 6 31 34.5 7 39.5 5 8 49.5 73 9 5 4.5 30 50 59 31 4.5 68.5 3 43.5 49.5 33 46.5 74.5 (3) 0.159 n=33<50 t = r 姨 n- t = 姨 1-r 0.5 姨 33-3.40 df=n-=31t 姨 1-0.5 (4) 0.005 t t (31)0.005 =3.0 t =3.40>3.0 0.005 4. 8

009 ( 190 ) ( 3 3 4 10 ) (1) 3 N Mean Std.Deviaton 1 1 1 1 396 87 396 87 396 87 396 87 34.9407 4.0318 33.644 5.653 17.5884 6.5071 14.361 8.1966.34 14.91 5.18 8.64 74.8939 1.0364 6.674 17.8810 Std.Error Mean.06.6031.370.8788.6.93.6049 1.9170 1.68 3.3 7.43 1. T () 5 6 4 T Levene s Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Mean F Sig. t df Sig. (- tailed) Mean Std.Error 95% Confidence Interval of the Lower Upper Equal Variances assumed 8.80 0.03 3.47 481.001 1.6763.516.660.6906.635 106.1.010 1.6763.636.4149.9376 Equal Variances assumed 9.585 0.0 3.984 481 3.63.8099 1.6350 4.8176 3.441 111.001.001 3.63.9376 1.3683 5.0843 Equal Variances assumed 49.906 10.553 481 7.43.70 6.05 8.8 7.70 99.951 7.43.96 5.5 9.34 Equal Variances assumed 39.939 7.777 481 1.15 1.5714 9.1338 15.309 6.080 103.751 1.15.010 8.351 16.079 5 N Mean Std.Deviaton 1 1 1 1 140 83 140 83 140 83 140 83 16.9179 7.410 1.89 5.68 0.1357 4.706 17.8916 5.797 15.4393 6.0808 11.5000 8.6370 5.499 14.1566 41.6807 14.941 Std.Error Mean.664.637.3974.689.5139.9480 1.1965 1.6401 4.63.4 3.94 10.81 T ( ) 1. 9

6 T Levene s Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Mean F Sig t df Sig. (- tailed) Mean Std.Error 95%Confidence Interval of the Lower Upper Equal Variances assumed 16.488 4.898 5.36 1 06.760 4.687 4.687 9.450.8840.7663.8859 6.4911 6.3715 Equal Variances assumed 3.719.055 3.171 3.016 1 146.764.00.003.441.441.7076.7440.8496.7739 3.6387 3.7144 Equal Variances assumed 9.59.003 3.984 3.653 1 130.61 3.9393 3.9393.9887 1.0784 1.9908 1.8060 5.8877 6.076 Equal Variances assumed.14.707 5.400 5.36 1 164.941 10.811 10.811.00.0301 6.8663 6.8037 14.7580 14.805 ( ) ( ) ; ; (. ) ( )! ( 0 19 ) ( ) ( ) 10

009 ( 190 ) 005 9 4 0 4 4 006 1 007 1 ( ) ( ) 0 15.6 7 8 0 ; 7 Std.Error N Mean Std.Deviaton ( ) Mean 3. 0 46.4000 5.355 1.1707 0 60 7.9140 1.7696 8 T Levene s Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Mean F Sig t df sig. (- tailed) Mean Std.Error 95%Confidence Interval of the Lower Upper Equal Variances assumed.68.113-7.35 38-15.6000.118-19.8954-11.3046-7.35 3.957-15.6000.118-19.9171-11.89 4. ( ( ) ) ( 9 ) 5. 1. 004 9 11

5 1 ( ) 3 ( ) 006 9 ( ( ) ) 4 (. 003 7 ) 1 006 17 ( ( 85 ) ) ( ) ( ; ) ( 5 ) 1. ( ) 007 10 10 6 3 4 1

009 ( 190 ) [4] ( ) ( 4. ) [] [5] (. ) ( ) [6] ( 0 90 ( ) ) 0 90 ) ( ( ) 0 90 ( ) [3] ; ( ) (Jean Piaget) (J.S.Bruner) [7][8] 3. ( ) [5] 13

( ) 1. ( 6 ) 0 80 90 [9] 5~6 (1) 3500 ;90 [10] 4~5 ( ) ( ). () 1 3 (1~3 ) 3. ( ) (3) ( ) 11 6~7 ( ) 10 ; 4. ( 14

009 ( 190 ) ); ( ; 0 ) ( ) ( ( 10 10 ); ) ; (4) 1 (1~3 ) ( ) (1~3 ) 0 ; 0 ( ) ( ( 0 ) ; 0 (5) ) ( ; ) ( ) ( 10 10 ; ; ) ; (4~6 ) ) 0 ; ( ) ; ; ; ( 15

; ; ( ) ( ) ( ) ; ( ) 3. ( ) 1. ( ) 4. 1 0~ 1 ( ) 9 9 (1) 1 1/ ; 14 ( ) 15%~0% ( ) ( 1~4 ) ( ) ( 1 ). () ( ) ) 16

009 ( 190 ) ( PPT ) ( ) ) (3) ; 4~5 ( ); ; ( ); (4~6 ) ( ); ; ; (4) ; 1 (1~3 ) (1~3 ) ( ) 10 14 16; 8 1 15 5 ; ; ( (4~6 ) 16 1 1; ; ( ) ; ( ) 17

( ) ) ( ; ) (4) ; ( ) ; ; ; ( [ ] [1]. [M]. 1989. []. [M]. 008. [3]. [M]. 006. [4]. DC [M]. 000. [5]. [M]. 007. [6]. [M]. 004. [7] J.Piaget The Origins of Intelligence in Children 195. [8] J.Piaget The Principles of Genetic Epistemology[M].Routledge&Kegan Paul Ltd. [9]. ( )[M]. 1998. [10]. [M]. 1998. [008]40 30 1 10 30 134 18