0 5 5 Han et al. 009 Zhang et al. 007 Meng and Gregory % 995 OLS Li et al

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0 5 World Economic Papers October, 0 * 995 00 Ichino and Winter-Ebmer 998 Meng and Gregory 00 * Email yangjuan@ bnu. edu. cn 9 00875 Email lishi @ bnu. edu. cn John Knight Sylvie Démurger János K ll

0 5 5 Han et al. 009 Zhang et al. 007 Meng and Gregory 007. 5% 995 OLS 966 950 970 700 Li et al. 00 950 966 9. 8 967 968 949 985

5 0 5 3 968 969 97 Zhang et al. 007 966 966 946 953 966 969 953 968 Bernstein 977 974 00% Chen and Cheng 999 Yang 003 970 97 97 Bernstein 977 Zhou and Hou 999 008

0 5 53 00 978 5% 00 985 3 996 003 995 00 CHIP 996 6 934 696 003 6 835 0 63 946 96 995 7 59 00 7 48 97% 995 608 34. 7% 00 350 30. 7% 960 970 949 959 40% 960 970 3 3 97 977 946 96 3% 946 96 0%

54 0 5 Meng and Gregory 00 30. 4% 00 995 995 00 6 97 7 8 6 764 548 993 340 8. 690 8. 744 8. 66 9. 08 9. 53 9. 087 5. 6 4. 7 5. 8 5. 4. 9 5. 6 4. 5. 3. 6 4. 8 4. 8 4. 8 4. 3 4. 4. 4 0. 6 0. 0 0. 9 3. 3 3. 3. 5 7. 30. 6 7. 3 0. 45 0. 438 0. 58 0. 8 0. 547 0. 6 5. 4 4. 7 5. 8 3. 06 3. 07 3. 060 4. 5. 0 3. 7. 8 3.. 7 3. 006 3. 6. 956 6. 5 6. 3 6. 5 30. 7 30. 4 3. 7 59 608 4 9 7 48 30 5 6 949 960 968 976 949 960 949 95 3 3 96 96 = = 3 = 4 = 5 = 6 = 7 = 8 = 9 =

0 5 55 953 954 968 969 96 96 3 3

56 0 5 Z = Z = 0 treatment group D D = 0 D = control group X Y Y = Y Z D Z X Z = D Z complier C C = E Y X - Y 0 0 X 0 C = E Y 0 X - Y 0 0 X 0 3 3 C = E Y X - Y 0 X 0 4 4 C 967 968 97 97 977

0 5 57 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅰ Ⅲ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ OLS OLS Propensity score matching X Rosenbaum and Rubin 984 X D Z = p X 4 C = E Y p X - Y 0 p X 0 5 4 p X A i F i M i H i S i 00 00 00 00

58 0 5 P i = α A i + α F i + α 3 M i + α 4 H i + α 5 S i + ε i Dehejia and Wahba 999 6 995 00 3 3 OLS 8% 00 007 3 Meng and Gregory 00 Meng and Gregory 007 3 OLS 3 OLS 4 0. 34 *** 0. 0 0. 33 *** 0. 0 0. 080 *** 0. 00 0. 067 *** 0. 003 0. 094 *** 0. 003 0. 083 *** 0. 00 0. 069 *** 0. 00 0. 097 *** 0. 003 0. 008 *** 0. 00 0. 004 *** 0. 00 0. 0 *** 0. 004 0. 0 *** 0. 00 0. 005 *** 0. 00 0. 09 *** 0. 00-0. *** 0. 05-0. 7 *** 0. 00-0. 3 *** 0. 03 3 4 Marcenaro-Gutierrez et al. 007 Knight and Song 003 946 96

0 5 59 0. 060 ** 0. 06 0. 083 *** 0. 034 0. 03 0. 04-0. 00 0. 005-0. 0 * 0. 006 0. 007 0. 007 5. 63 *** 0. 060 5. 80 *** 0. 076 5. 653 *** 0. 09 5. 803 *** 0. 055 5. 985 *** 0. 070 5. 838 *** 0. 084 4 967 7 640 7 37 7 48 3 730 3 75 Adj-R 0. 344 0. 30 0. 337 0. 365 0. 30 0. 39 4 CHIP-00 3 CHIP-00 946 96 * ** *** 0% 5% % Lalonde 986 5 6 4 4 6 4 4-653 777 458 644 953-4 33 400 343 6-88 887 64 65 06 Meng and Gregory 007 3

60 0 5 Li et al. 00 Generalized Entropy Measures GE GE α = α α - N N α y ( i [ i = y ) - ] y α α α α - 0 α GE α GE GE 0 0 5 α GE p90 /p0 90 0 p90 /p50 p0 /p50 5 949 959 α = 7

0 5 6 5 I Gini p90 /p0 p90 /p50 p0 /p50 949 960 0. 4 0. 80 0. 360 5. 359. 09 0. 394 0. 0. 85 0. 356 5. 074. 08 0. 40 0. 3 0. 74 0. 36 5. 600. 47 0. 383 0. 0 0. 89 0. 353 4. 846. 07 0. 47 0. 97 0. 49 0. 337 4. 904. 088 0. 46 0. 06 0. 43 0. 347 5. 39. 056 0. 400 0. 0 0. 89 0. 353 4. 846. 07 0. 47 0. 55 0. 75 0. 308 4. 560. 475 0. 543 0. 6 0. 4 0. 64 3. 37. 80 0. 535 0. 3 0. 85 0. 347 4. 85. 0. 438 0. 33 0. 338 0. 356 5. 000. 43 0. 49 0. 4 0. 3 0. 35 4. 968. 0 0. 47 CHIP-00 946 96 3 6

6 0 5 6 I Gini p90 /p0 p90 /p50 p0 /p50 0. 00 0. 66 0. 336 4. 6. 083 0. 489 0. 97 0. 49 0. 337 4. 904. 088 0. 46 0. 89 0. 3 0. 336 4. 885. 973 0. 404 0. 0 0. 89 0. 353 4. 846. 07 0. 47 0. 7 0. 9 0. 35 4. 303. 69 0. 6 0. 6 0. 4 0. 64 3. 37. 80 0. 535 0. 4 0. 3 0. 369 5. 570. 66 0. 389 0. 4 0. 3 0. 35 4. 968. 0 0. 47 CHIP-00 946 96 OLS OLS OLS

0 5 63 Bernstein T. 977 Up to the Mountains and Down to the Villages The Transfer of Youth from Urban to Rural China Published by Yale University Press New Haven. Bonnin M. 004 Lost Generate. The Rustication Movement of Educated Youth in China 968-980 Published by Editions de l' Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales. Chen K. and X. Cheng 999 Comment on Zhou & Hou A Negative Life Event with Positive Consequence American Sociology Review 64 37-44. Ehejia R. H and S. Wahba 999 Causal Effects in Nonexperimental Studies Reevaluating the Evaluation of Training Programs Journal of the American Statistical Association 94 448 053-06. Han J. J. Zhang and W. Suen 009 Picking Up the Losses The Impact of the Cultural Revolution on Human Capital Re-investment in Urban China CCES and EGC Joint International Conference paper. Heckman J. 979 Sample Selection Bias as A Specification Error Econometrica 47 53-6. Ichino A. and R. Winter-Ebmer 998 The Long-run Educational Cost of World Ward II Unpublished manuscript. Knight J and L. Song 003 Increasing Urban Wage Inequality in China Extent Elements and Evaluation The Economics of Transition 4 597-69. Lalonde R. J. 986 Evaluating the Econometric Evaluations of Training Programs Using Experimental Data American Economic Review 76 4 60-60. Li H. M. Rosenzweig and J. Zhang 008 Altruism Favoritism and Guilt in the Allocation of Family Resources Sophie's Choice in Mao's Mass Send Down Movement Tsinghua University Working paper. Marcenaro-Gutierrez O. F. Galindo-Rueda and A. Vignoles 007 Who Actually Goes to University Empirical Economics 3 333-357. Meng X. and R. Gregory 00 The Impact of Interrupted Education on Subsequent Educational Attainment A Cost of the Chinese Cultural Revolution Economic Development and Cultural Change 50 4 935-959. Meng X. and R. Gregory 007 Exploring the Impact of Interrupted Education on Earnings The Educational Cost of the Chinese Cultural Revolution IZA Discussion Paper No. 548. Rosebaum P. and D. B. Rubin 984 Estimating the Eeffects Caused by Treatments Comment on the Nature and Discovery of Structure Journal of the American Statistical Association 79 385 6-8. Yang G. 003. China's Zhiqing Generation Nostalgia Identity and Cultural Resistance in the 990s Modern China 9 3 67-96. Zhang J. P. W. Liu and L. Yung 007 The Cultural Revolution and Returns to Schooling in China Estimates Based on Twins Journal of Development 84 63-639. Zhou X. and L. Hou 999 Children of the Cultural Revolution The State and the Life Course in the People's Republic of China American Sociological Review 64-36. 003 6 58 7 008 35 48 007 6 9 9