/,, ( ),, ; ; ;?,,,,,,,,, ( ) ( ), ; ; ;?,, :, ;, 147
23 2009 2,,,, (1983) (1984), (1) (6), : (1) a. ( ) b. ( ) (2) a. ( ) b. ( ) (3) a. ( ) b. ( ) (4) a. ( ) b. ( ) (5) a. ( ) b. ( ) (6) a. ( ) b. ( ) (1999) (1999), + +,, ( ),, (1) (6),, V (V +N ) +N,, V +NP (N +N ),,,, (1982), (7) ( ( ) ), (8) : (7) a. b. c. 200 (8) a. b. c. 200 (7), (8),, ( ) (8) : ( / ) ; (8) ( 3 /3 ) (7) ( ), ( ), (8) ( 3 200 /3 ) (1999), (1982) (8), (8) (, 1995;, 1996 ) ( 8),, ( ) ( ) ( ),, ( ), ( 8) 148
( ),,,,,, (, 1999),, ( 4) ( ), ( ) ;, (1) (2) (3), ( ), ( ), ( ) (9) ( ), ; (10), ; (11), ( ), : (9) a. ( / / ) b. ( / / ) (10) a. ( / ) b. ( / ) c. / ( / ) d. / ( / ) (11) a. ( / ) b. ( / ) c. ( / ) d. ( / ), (, 1997;, 2002),,, ( ), ( ),,,,, A B B A ( ), ( ), ; ( ), : (12) a1. ( / ) (V) ( / / / ) ( / ) 149
23 2009 2 a2. ( / ) (V) ( / / / ) ( / ) / / / : ( ) ( ) ( ) ; ; ( 13),,, (14),,, : (13) a. ( ) b. ( ) c. ( ) d. ( ) (14) a. ( ) b. ( ) c. ( ) d. ( ) (, 2000a b,, 2002 ),,,,,,, ( ),, ( ), (15),,, ;,, A B C D : (15) a1. a2. b1. b2. c1. c2.,,,,, C D,, (2008), / / / / (2000a),, 150
(, 2001 )?,,,,,, ( ) ( ) ( ),, ( ),, :,,?,,,,, (, 1997 ), ( ), ( 16), (17) : (16) a. [ S1 V1 + [ S2 V2 ] ] b. [ S1 V1 ( ) + [ S2 V2 ] ] (17) a. [ S1 V1 ( ) + [ S2 V2 ] ] b. [ S1 V1 ( ) + [ S2 V2 ] ] (17) (18), (, ) ; (, ) : (18) a1. ( ) ( = V1 + V2 ) a2. ( ) b1. ( ) ( = V1 ) b2. 3 ( ), (17) V1 ( ) V2 ( ), V1 V2 (merge), V2 (, 2002) :, ( ), 151
23 2009 2 (19) a. = [ S1 V1 ( ) + [ S2 ( V2 ) ] ] b. = [ S1 V1 ( ) + [ S2 ( V2 ) ] ], (20), ( ) (20),, : (20) a. 3 b. 3 c. 3 d. 3,? : ( V1 +V2), V2 ( ), V1, V2, V1 ; V1 V2,, V2, V2 ( ) ( ), (21) (22) : (21) a. ( ) b. ( ) (22) a.? ( ) ( ) b.? ( ) ( ) c.? ( ) ( ) (22) (22a) ( V2 V1 ), V2 ( ), V2 ( ) ( 22c), buy ( ), bought her a gift,, buy V2 ( give to) V2 ( ),, V2 ( ),,,, ( ), V1 V2,, ( ) : (23) a1. a2. [ S1 V1 ( ) + [ S2 ( V2 ) ] ] 152
b1. b2. [ S1 V1 ( ) + [ S2 ( V2 ) ] ] c1. c2. [ S1 V1 ( ) + [ S2 ( V2 ) ] ] Mulder & Sybesma (1992) :, (24) ; (25),,, : (24) a. b. 3 (25) a. b.?,,, ( ),?, :, Larson ( 1988) VP2Shell ( ), ( ) ( ), ( ),,,, A1 A2 ( ), B1 B2 ( ), : A: [ S1 V1 i [ S2 Pro i ( V2 ) ] ] B: [ S1 V1 i [ S2 Pro i ( V2 ) ] ], A1 A2 ( ), B1 B2 ( ), : A: [ S1 V1 i [ S2 Pro i ( V2 ) ] ] B: [ S1 V1 i [ S2 Pro i ( V2 ) ] ],,, ( 2008), ( ) : ( / ), A ( ) 153
23 2009 2 (V1) B ( ) (V2) C ( ) / (A cause B to have C), CAUSE( V1) HAVE ( V2) (26a) ( / ) A ( ) (V1) B ( ) (V2) C( ) / (A do B to affect C), ACT ( V2) DO2TO ( V1) (26b),, ( ) ( ), ( ( V ) ( v), ) : (26) a. ( ) : [ vp [NP( ) [ v [ v(cause / ) [VP [NP( ) [V (HAVE / ) t NP( ) ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] b. ( ) : 500 [ vp [NP( ) [ v [ v(do2to ) [VP [NP( ) [V (ACT/ ) t NP( ) ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] Hoekstra (1988) Sybesma (1999) SC ( ), ( event),, ( ) ( IP TP ),, ( ),,,, A ( + ) A1 A2, : A1: [ SP V1 [ SC ( V2 ) ] ] A2: [ SP V1 [ SC ( V2 ) ] ], B ( + ) B1 B2, : B1: [ SP V1 [ SC ( V2 ) ] ] B2: [ SP V1 [ SC ( V2 ) ] ],,, (2007),,,, 154
,, :,, ( ), ( ),, (27) ; ( ), ( ), ( ), (28) : (27) a1. ( ) a2. ( ) b1. 3 ( ) b2. 3 ( ) (28) a1. 3 a2. 3 b1. ( ) ( ) b2. ( ) ( ), ( ) ( ), ( ), : ( ),, : [ SC ( ) ], : [ SC ( ) ], ( ), ( ),, ( ), :,,, ( ) ( ), ( ( V2) ( V1), ) : (29) : a. [ [ SC1 ] ] i [VP [ SC1 t i t ] ] ( ) b. [ [ SC1 ] ] i [VP [ SC1 t i t ] ] ( ) (30) : There is a book on the table, a book, is, there on the table,,, ( ) 155
23 2009 2 a. [ SC2 ( ) ] [ SC V t ] ( ) b. [ SC2 ( ) ] [ SC V t ] ( ),,,, ;, ( ), ( ( ) ),,, ( ), (31b2) : (31) a. : [ SC1 NP ( ) V NP ] a1. ( ) ( ) a2. ( ) ( ) b. : [ SC2 PP V g ( ) NP ( ) PP ] b1. ( ) b2. ( )?,,,, : :,, :,,, ( ), ( ) ;,,, ( ), ( ), :,, : (VP) ( govern) ( ), ( ),,, (, 2001), Sybesma (1999), (2005) 156
( ),, ( V2) ( ) ( ) ; ( ),, ( V2),,, (, ), VP, V2 V1 V2 ( V2 V1),, ( ),,, ( ( ) ),?,,,,,,,,, ( ), ( ), ( ),,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, (2002),, (2000a),, ( ),, ( )?,, 157
23 2009 2 (1999), :, : (2008),, : (1984), (2), : (2005), (1996), 3 (2001), 5 (2002), 4 (1983), 10, : (1997), 4 (2000a), 4 (2000b), 1 (1995), ( ) 5 (1997), 6 (2002),, : (2007), IACL215, (1999), 3 (2001), 6 (1982), : Hoekstra, T. A. ( 1988) Small clause results. L ingua 74. 2-3, 101-139. Larson, R. ( 1988) On the double object construction. L inguistic Inquiry 19, 335-391. Mulder, R. H. and R. P. E. Sybesma ( 1992) Chinese is a VO2language. N atural Language and L inguistic The2 ory 10. 3, 439-476. Sybesma, R. P. E. ( 1999) The M andarin V P. Dordrecht: Kluwer Acedem ic Publishers. Seman tic Absorption, Incorpora tion and the D er iva tion of D ouble O bject Con struction SHEN Yang Abstract This study p roposes that the double object construction (DOC) is derived from two single object constructions, while one of them undergoes semantic absorp tion and is morpho2 logically incorporated into the other during grammaticalization. It argues that this analysis not only defines the base structure of Chinese more strictly, but also offers a better exp lanation for the deri2 vation of DOC and p redicts its derivative paths. To illustrate this idea, the author first surveys briefly some existing analyses on DOC, and then p roves his own hypotheses of semantic absorp tion and incorporation, while discussing the syntactic results of two current analyses on DOC. 158 Finally,
it show s the theoretical imp lication and pedagogical app lication of this analysis. Key words semantic absorp tion, incorporation, derivation of syntactic structures, double object construction, clause theory,,, ; ( : 100871 / ) 2009 10 23-26,, : 1) ; 2) ; 3) ; 4) :,, ; 800, A4 1, Word,, ;, 2009 8 16 : E2mail: huiyia@ blcu. edu. cn Tel: 010-82303810 : Tel: 0571-28862150 100,, 2009 9 20, : http: / /www. dwhyyjzx. com ( ) 159