...1...3... 40 Brooke Bidayuh... 52... 70... 74...81... 90... 92... 96... 98...101 i
Forging a Colonial Bureaucracy: Examining Japan's Colonial Legacy in Taiwan...105...111...116 1959 1981...120...123...129...131 1900-2000...134...166...179...181...183... 184 ii
...188...190 2002...192...196 2002 5 8...199 iii
Contents Newsletter of the Asia-Pacific Research No.16 Letter from the Director By Hsin-Huang Michael Hsiao...1 Research Papers Nation-State, Community and Its De-construction: On Anthropological Studies of Minority Peoples in Thailand and China By Shih-Chung Hsieh...3 A Comparision of Living Spatial Structure in Traditional Shophouses in Penang, Malaysia; Lu-Gang, Taiwan and Hoi-An, Vietnam By Lan-Shiang Huang...40 The Relationships among the Early Chinese (Hakka) Migrants and Malay Rulers and the Brookes in Sarawak, also a Preliminary Discussion on the Sociocultural Interactions between Them and the Bidayuh: From Some Written Sources By Khay-Thiong Lim...52 Taiwan and Southeast Asia Studies By Tanaka Norio / Tran. Bi-Chun Chen...70 Conference Papers Should Area Studies Be Combined with Social Sciences? The Case of Southeast Asia By Suryadinata Leo...74 Globalization and the Rise of East Asia and Their Challenges to Area Studies and Social Science By Alvin So...81 Report of Researchers Refection on Asia-Pacific Research By Tsun-Wu Chang...90 The Research Project for Processing and Analyzing the Archaeological Materials Collected from the Northern Coast of the Luzon Island By Cheng-Hwa Tsang...92 Archaeological Investigation of the Neolithic Culture Development of Northern Vietnam By Wei-chun Chen...96 iv
Taiwanese Investment Migration in East Asia under the Slogan of "Great East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere By Man-Houng Lin...98 Premodern Maritime Rescue Systems of the China Seas- The Case of China, Japan, Korea, and Ryukyu By Shiuh-Feng Liu... 101 Forging a Colonial Bureaucracy: Examining Japan's Colonial Legacy in Taiwan By Hui-Yu Ts ai... 105 Art and Public Culture in Modern Shanghai: Views from the Art Exhibition By Chuan-Ying Yen...111 Facets of Shamanism: A Comparative Study of Shamans in Korea, Taiwan and China By Fu-Shih Lin... 116 The Post-war Tug of War between the Two Sides on Taiwan Strait: The Status-and-Order Competition for the International Olympic Committee Membership from 1959 to 1981 By Chi-Hsiung Chang... 120 A Comparative Research on P.R.C. Constitutional Law By Shin-Min Chen... 123 Labour Shortage and Foreign Workers: A Study of Japan, South Korea and Taiwan By Ching-Lung Tsay... 129 Economic Recession, Social Changes, and Women's Job Mobility in Japan By Wei-Hsin Yu... 131 Chronology of Southeast Asian Nations 1900-2000 The Philippines... 134 East Timor... 166 Introduction to Overseas Institutes of Asia Pacific Research Commission for the Study of Chinese Records Relating to Thai History, the Secretariat of the Prime Minister Office of the Prime Minister, CSCR... 179 News from the Local Institutes of Asia-Pacific Research Graduate School of Southeast Asian Studies, National Chi Nan University... 181 Graduate Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Tamkang University... 183 News from APARP Office... 184 v
Conference Calendar Conference on Southeast and Northeast Asian Research, 2001... 188 Conference on Overseas Chinese since 1980s... 190 Annual Conference of Southeast Asian Area Studies in Taiwan, 2002... 192 When Area Studies Meet Social Sciences: Research and Implications for Asian Studies... 196 May ~ Aug. 2002 Calendar of Conferences and Meetings on Asia-Pacific... 199 vi
Asia-Pacific Research Program, APARP 1 2 3 4 1900-2000 (The Swedish School of Advanced Asia Pacific Studies, SSAAPS) Jon Sigurdson (Globalization and High-tech Revolution in Asia Pacific) 1
2 2002.04 2002 When Area Studies Meet Social Sciences: Implications for Future Asia-Pacific Research
* / ethnicity ethnic studies * 2000 11 4 3
4 2002.04 / primordialism / circumstantialism /situationalism /instrumentalism cf. Keyes 1976 Moerman 1965 Geertz 1973 1963 Issacs 1974 Van den Berghe 1978 Nagata 1974 & 1981 Barth 1969 Berreman 1982 nation-state nationalism cf. Anderson 1990 Eriksen 1993 Gellner 1987 Hobsbawn 1991 Heiberg 1979 Trosper 1981 1993b national culture cf, Obeyesekere 1982 Banks 1996 Keyes 1987b & 1992 1995 cf, Kammerer 1988 Keyes 1971, 1973 1992a, 1992b, 1993a, 1994a, 1994b, 1997a minority peoples / Thai studies 1981 International Conference on Thai Studies Association for Asian community
5 Anderson 1990 integrate 19 Siam Rama V Chulalongkorn r.1868-1910 Rama IV Mongkut r.1851-1868 Chulalongkorn monthon cangwat tambon bann Therevada Buddhism 1932 Rama VII Prajadhipok r.1925-1935 Siam Siam pan-thaism 1939 6 24 Phibun Songkram Thailand
6 2002.04 Thailand Siam Tai-Lue Isan cf. Keyes 1971, 1993b Pongsapich et al. 1993 Renard 1993 Mulder 1997 1993b Charles F. Keyes 2001 Association for Asian Studies Charles F. Keyes Tai Thai 1971 Keyes Buddhism and National Integration in Thailand Siam Thailand Chulalongkorn primordial attachments p.551 Yuan Yuan 1960 thammathut thammacarik Yuan thammacarik Keyes Yuan
7 Keyes Thailand Keyes Keyes 1976 Towards a New Formulation of the Concept of Ethnic Group ethnic group chat chat Thai Thai People Chat Keyes chat Thai 1971 Thai Thailand Keyes Keyes 1990 Williams 1989 Keyes e.g. Keyes 1995 1977 :1-64 1987a:512-519 1987b:126-135 Chulalongkorn Isan Isan isan Keyes 1973 ethnoregionalism Hmong interactionalism conflict model accomdationism Thailand: Buddhism Kingdom as Modern Nation-State 1987a Keyes ethnoreligionism p.135 Keyes
8 2002.04 1990 Keyes Keyes / Keyes 1992 1993 Keyes Who are the Lue? Revisited: Ethnic Identity within the Nations of Laos, Thailand, and China Who are the Tai? Reflections on the Invention of Local, Ethnic and National Identities 1993a Keyes 1976 chat Thai Keyes ethnic chat Thai ethnic Thai chat Thai Thai nation Nation ethnic 1940 cf. Keyes 1993a, 1993b 1993a, 1993b ethnic nation Sipsong Panna Lue Lue
9 Chinese-Lue Thai-Lue Lao-Lue Lue Keyes 1993b Thai Tai hegemonic authority logic of race Siam chat nation Tai chat Thai Tai Thai national genealogy Tai Lue Yuan kong muang Tai rethink counter-think Winzeles 1976 Bentley 1986 Lehmen 1963 Renard 1993 Rambo et al. 1988 Keyes 1995 1977 Keyes integrate Lue Tai-Lue Lue 60 Michael Moerman Lue 1965:1215-1230 Lue Lue Sipsong Panna Moerman p.1224 Lue Thai
10 2002.04 Gehan Wijeyewardene 1990b:48-73 Lue Lü Moerman Thai Lue Lue Thai p.68 Wijeyewardene Mae Sai Lue pink card p.52 40 50 Sipsong Panna Chao Hmoam Gham Le Meeng Gham meeng Chao Hmoam Ma-Rni Gham Meeng Long 1993a:71-92 Lue Wijeyewardene Moerman Lue Mae Sai Lue Thai-Lue Mai Sai Lue Bann Lue Te Lue Te Yoshikawa 1999 Lue Te Lue Lue Te Yoshikawa pp. 16-19 appropriate goods Lue Yuji Baba Nan Meeng La Lue 1999 Lue Meeng La nationalized
11 Lue : Lue? Lue? Lue Lue Chulalongkorn Lue 2000 Lue Karen Karen Karen aliens Renald D. Renard The Differential Integration of Hill People into the Thai State 1993 Renard chat Thai Thai Nation Nicholas Tapp Hmong
12 2002.04 Hmong messianism Hmong Hmong Hmong Tapp 1989 Hmong 1994a:24 Tapp 1993 Hmong ethnic boundary Hmong Lue Michaud 1993 Hmong 1994b Hmong Hmong Hmong Hmong /Thai Hmong Karen Karen Hmong Akha Mien Lisu Lahu Kammerer 1988 1994a Hmong Akha Cornelia Ann Kammerer 1988:272-273 Akha microcosm macrocosm descent Akha clan
13 Akha 70 Akha Hmong Kammerer Akha Karen politicized ethnic identity Thai Akha Mika Toyota Trans-national Mobility of Urban Akha in Chiang Mai, Thailand 1999 Kammerer Akha Akha searching cultural anthenticity Akha Kammerer Akha Toyota 60 Peter Kunstadter Southeast Asian Tribes, Minorities, and Nations 1967 tribe minority Kammerer Kunstadter Akha Akha Toyota Tapp Hmong Akha Kammerer Akha Kammerer Akha Akha Toyota cf. Keyes 1976 Moerman 1965 Doming 1990 Flinn 1990 Poyer 1990 1995 1996 1996
14 2002.04 Akha Kammerer Mien Iu Mien Yao Peter K. Kandre 1967 1976 Mien Kandre Mien Mien Mien Mien Kandre ien 1967:615 fing 1967:629 Mien Mien Mien Kandre Tribal Research Institute Wanat Bhruksasri 1983 John Mckinnon Highlanders of Thailand Kunstadter1967 Bhruksasri 1987 Canberra Australian
15 National University Minorities and Politics:Hill-Tribe Development and Integration Strategies Bhruksasri Bhruksasri Bhruksasri Chupinit Kesmanese 1993 School of Oriental and African Studies Being Hmong and Being Thai:An Interplay of Identites Keyes Tapp Kesmanese Keyes 1970 1980 / shared descent Keyes Hmong Kesmanese Tapp Hmong Kesmanese Hmong Kesmanese Hmong Chulalongkorn Amara Pongsapich Suriya Veeravongse Phinit Lapthananon 1993
16 2002.04 50 70 cf. Pasternak 1983,1988 Thurston 1983 Whyte 1983 1991 Guldin 1994 55 56 / ethnic group Seattle University of Washington Charles F. Keyes 70 / 80 /
17 Steven Harrell Harrell 18 Keyes 80 90 / Keyes Harrell ethnic nationalism Gladney Keyes / Harrell Harrell 1988 1988, 1989, 1990, 1993 Lipuo Libie Nuosu Harrell Harrell Nuosu Lipuo Harrell 1995 Morgan Harrell
18 2002.04 Harrell Harrell Prmi 1996 Prmi Mosuo Mckhann Prim nationalities question East-West Center Dru Gladney Gladney 1989, 1991a, 1998 Stalin Gladney ethnogenesis 1990 Uighur 15 Uighur 1940 Uighur Gladney Gladney 1991b discourse making
19 shaping manipulation Gladney exotic erotic 1994:92-123 Gladney Harrell Gladney Gladney / Hsieh 1989 1989, 1992a, 1992b, 1993a, 1993b, 1995, 1996, 1997a, 1997b Sipsong Panna Tai-Lue Tai-Lue 55 Chao Phaendin Chao Hmoam Gham Le Chao 1993a Sipsong Panna 177 1993b
20 2002.04 1992a 1992b Wurlig Borchigud Almaz Khan Borchigud 1995:278-300 60 60 Borchigud 1970 1980 Borchigud 1996:160-182 web of identities Borchigud
21 Harrell Gladney Khan ethnic image or representation 1995:248-277 Chinggis Khan 50 80 Chinggis Tahilga Khan invention of tradition Borchigud Khan 7/8 5 Khan 1996 ethnic tourism Khan imaged community Borchigud
22 2002.04 Khan Ralph A. Litzinger Siu-woo Cheung Litzinger 1994:127 Cheung 1994 Litzinger Morgan Litzinger Litzinger Cheung 1996,1997 Ge Ge Ge Ge 50 Harrell Ge Charles F. Mckhann Norma Diamond Mckhann 1992 Harrell Mckhann Whitman Harrell Diamond 1989 Harrell annual meeting, Association for Asian Studies Dru Gladney Harrell Mckhann 1995:39-62 55
23 Mosuo Mosuo Mckhann Mosuo Mosuo Harrell Stalin Mckhann Diamond The Miao and Poison: Interactions on China s Southwest Frontier Ethnology 1988 Diamond Diamond Diamond 1993 1994:55-78
24 2002.04 Diamond Diamond Borchigud Khan Mckhann Harrell Diamond / Anthony Jackson 1979, 1989 Erik Mueggler 1991 Emily Chao 1996 David Y. H. Wu 1990 Stanley Toops 1993 Shelley Rigger 1995 Keng-Fong Pang 1996 Mueggler Chao Jackson Wu Toops Rigger 7 1990 1993b
25 cf Wijeyewardene 1990a / Gladney1982 1989 Harrell, Gladney, Diamond, 1990 On the Dynamic Ethnicity of Sipsong Panna Tai During the Republic Period Hsieh 1990:2-9 cf. Wijeywardene 1990a 1993a,1993b Hsieh 1996 Tai-Lue Sipsong Panna 19 1987 1987 1984 1995a 1981 & 1995b 1985 1983 see also Wijeyewardene 1990a /
26 2002.04 Anderson imagined community Anderson / national culture tribal culture / Clifford Geertz Anderson Geertz 1973 1963 Geertz Keyes Keyes Isan Sipsong Panna Tai-Lue Yuan Isan Lue Keyes anti-humanity Keyes
27 Moerman Wijeyewardene Yoshikawa Baba Lue / Lue Karen Karen Hmong Akha Mien persistent identity system Morgan Harrell Gladney ethnogenesis nation-state ethnic-state Borchigud Khan
28 2002.04 Litzinger Cheung Diamond Mckhann Ge Musuo
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(Francis Light) 1786 8 10 20 2 6 (UNESCO) UNESCO 40
41 shophouse terraced house 2001 11 16 12 4 The Straits Chinese; A Cultural History 1 13-20 ( 3.3-5.1 ) 150 ( 38 ) the five-foot way 1794 Light Street Beach Street Chulia Street Pitt Street Prangin Creek Bound Ditch ( Transfer Road)
42 2002.04 20 2 Cannon Street12 Cannon Street12 1. 3 4
43 33 33 2. ( ) 5
44 2002.04 Rumah Baba; Life in a Peranakan House Armenian Street 120
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51 Vol.1994 1995 3 1980 7 1999 5 1980 1983 7 SD9603 1996 3 1978 NO.24 1998 8 Khoo Su Nin, Streets of George Town Penang, Penang: Janus Print & Resources, 1994(second edition). Khoo Joo Ee, The Straits Chinese; A Cultural History, Amsterdam Kuala Lumpur: The Pepin Press, 1996. Peter Lee & Jennifer Chen, Rumah Baba; Life in a Peranakan House, Singapore: National Heritage Board Singapore History Museum, 1998.
Brooke Bidayuh Brooke 1857 Baring-Gould & Bampfylde 1909; Chin, 1981; Chang, 1995; 1989 1989 Chang, 1995 Lockard, 1987 Brooke James Brooke (Rajah) James Brooke Brooke Chinese 52
Brooke 53 Brooke Rajah Muda Hashim Marudu Hashim Samarahan 1839 9 2 Tungong 30 5 Sambas 7 933 Gading garu (Keppel, vol. I, 1847: 65-67) Brooke (Sambas) (Keppel, vol. I, 1847: 67) Pengiran Indra Makota Rajah Muda Hashim 1 1 19 Anthony Reid, Entrepreneuria l minorities, nationalism, and the state, in Daniel Chirot and Anthony Reid (eds.), Essential outsiders: Chinese and Jews in the modern transformation of Southeast Asia and Central Europe (Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1997), p. 34
54 2002.04 (Gullick 1958: 24) 2 Gullick Donald Brown (1974: 73) Brooke (Brown, 1970: 72) Barbara & Leonard Andaya (2001: 145-146) 3 Brooke 1840 9 8 21 Macota Subtu Abong Mia Datu Naraja (Keppel, vol. I, 1847: 150) 22 Brooke (Keppel, vol. I, 1847: 151) Brooke Brooke Brooke 2 clientele 3
Brooke 55 (Keppel, vol. I, 1847: 153) Pengiran Indra Makota 500 Brooke Brooke 10 30 Makota datus Belidah Brooke (Keppel, vol. I, 1847: 168) Brooke Brooke Hashim (Tuan Besar) Brooke Brooke Siniawan (Templer, vol. I, 1853: 99) 12 20 Hashim Brooke Makota 4 Brooke Makota Hashim Brooke Makota (Keppel, vol. I, 1847: 185-186) 1840 Bau Tundong Brooke (Keppel, 4 Haji 1820 60 ( ) Datu Patinggi Ali (St. John, vol. II, 1974: 321-323) Brooke (Templer, vol. I, 1853: 95)
56 2002.04 vol. I, 1847: 230) 1845 Hugh Low Juro-tulis Bow ([1990] 1848: 373-374) James Brooke Brooke Hashim (Templer, vol. I, 1853: 101-102) (Templer, vol. I, 1853: 116) Brooke Makota Hashim Brooke Brooke (Keppel, vol I, 1847: 253) Makota Brooke
Brooke 57 1842 1 20 (Keppel, vol. I, 1847: 273) 1842 Montrado 3 24 Sipang Rajah Muda Hashim (Keppel, vol. I, 1847: 284) Montrado Sipang 5 Sipang 1830 (Bau) (Chang Pat Foh, 1995: 45) Brooke Brooke (Templer, vol. I, 1853: 169) 1846 Sipang Brooke Brooke (Templer, vol. II, 1853: 125, 129) 5 Montrado Sipang Sinbok Simbok Hammu-I Manfo Lintian Montrado 1830 1828-1830 Landak Sipang Manfo Landak 1837 Sinbok Hammu -I Hammu -I Sinbok Mundy (vol. I, 1848: 286-288)
58 2002.04 Rajah Muda Hashim Tuan Muda Tuan Muda (Templer, vol. II, 1853: 130-131) Hashim Brooke Sipang Rajah Muda Hashim 6 Brooke Brooke (Green, [1909]: 92) 7 Brooke (Mundy, vol. I, 1848: 289) Simbock Sipang Brooke Simbock 6 Rajah Muda Hashim (1841 ) Brooke. Rajah Atien Rajah Rajah700 800 (Templer, vol. I, 1853: 312-313) 7 Brooke Hashim Sipang Brooke Sipang
Brooke 59 (Keppel, vol. I, 1847: 285) Simbock Brooke Simbock Sam Simbock Sam Simbock Brooke Sam Brooke (Mundy, vol. I, 1848: 290-294; Green, [1909]: 92-93) 1842 4 Simbock 1880 William T. Hornaday (1993 [1885]: 189) Simbock Brooke 8 Sipang 1850 Sipang Pemangkat (Keppel, 1852: 352-353; St. John, vol. II, 1974 [1862]: 324-325) 9 Brooke Brooke Brooke (St. John, vol. II, 1974 [1862]: 324-325) Bidayuh Brooke (St. John, vol. II, 1974 [1862]: 325, 328) Brooke 8 Rodney Mundy (1848: 285) 9
60 2002.04 (Keppel, 1852: 353-354) Brooke Muara Tabas Si Jinkat ( Brooke Sundu ( Templer, vol. III, 1853: 24) ) Santubong Lundu 8 26 Tanjong Dato Brooke Santubong Santubong Rajah (Harriette, 1992 [1882]: 48) Francis McDougall (Harriette, 1992 [1882]: 49) St. John (vol. II, 1974 [1862]: 328) St. John 1856 Brooke Sungai Tengah Sungai Tengah (1974 [1862]: 329-331) 1850 8 McDougall Harriette Aboo
Brooke 61 Salion Sunfoon Chinzu Queyfat Assin Umque Achin Achong Moukmoy Poingzu (1992 [1882]: 50) Sipang Akin Assan 60 Lundu Bidayuh Brooke Bidayuh (Keppel, 1852: 361-2) 1852 Brooke Charles Anthony Brooke Charles Brooke Bidayuh Bidayuh Bidayuh Orang Kaya (vol. I, 1866: 25-26) 1852 10 1856 Lumar 300 (St. John, vol. II, 1974 [1862]: 330) 1856 Batang Lupar Charles Brooke (vol. I, 1866: 199) 11 10 John Crawfurd they are subjected to a fine of two guilders for leave to settle, to an annual poll-tax of the same amount, and to a fine of thirty guilders for permission to return to China (1856: 97) 11 1857 (Marup) (1990: 112)
62 2002.04 1850 11 9 Brooke ( Bow) (Keppel, 1852: 369) Sipang (Keppel, 1852: 369-370) Brooke Bidayuh (Keppel, 1852: 371) Brooke Bidayuh (Keppel, 1852: 371-373) Brooke Atiow Brooke Steele Brooke (Keppel, 1852: 381) Brooke Atiow Atiow Brooke (Keppel, vol. I, 1847: 382)
Brooke 63 Brooke Charles Brooke 1852 11 Berlidah (vol. I, 1866: 27-28) Charles (Brooke, vol. I, 1866: 30) 1856 1857 2 Brooke (, 1990; Brooke, 1866; McDougall, 1882; St. John, 1862; Chin, 1981; Lockard, 1987; Chang, 1995) 12 Charles Brooke 1858 Charles Brooke (vol. I, 1866: 267-268) 1861 Charles Brooke Rentap James Brooke 12 1857 1890 Rajah Charles Brooke (Sharp, [n.d.]: 122-123)
64 2002.04 (vol. II, 1866: 135-137) 1880 Hornaday (1993 [1885]: 189) Bidayuh 50 (MacDonald, 1985 [1956]: 335) George Windsor Earl 1834 Sinkawang Sinkawang (1837: 210) Bidayuh 13 (Alquadrie, 1990: 232) 20 13 Victor T. King Bidayuh Land Dayak (Malayic groups Iban Kantu Suruk/Mentebah) Maloh Ulu Ai Kapuas ( King, 1979: ) Iban Maloh Bidayuh orang budak (Jackson, 1970: 17) Bidayuh William Robert Geddes 1950 Bidayuh Bidayuh (1961 [1957]: 4) Bidayuh
Brooke 65 1851 Pfeiffer Brooke Spencer St. John St. John (vol. I, 1974 [1862]: 153) (vol. II, 1974 [1862]: 323) Crawfurd Montrado (1856: 289) (Helms, 1882: 156) Ida Pfeiffer (Pfeiffer, 1855: 61) Helms samshu (1882: 158)
66 2002.04 Frederick Boyle 1860 (1984 [1865]: 71) Bidayuh Brooke 1857 Brooke Brooke 1857 Brooke Bidayuh Bidayuh
Brooke 67 ([n.p.], 1989) Alqadrie, Syarif Ibrahim, Ethnicity and social change in Dyaknese society of West Kalimantan, Indonesia, PhD. Thesis, University of Kentucky, 1990. Andaya, Barbara and Leonard Andaya, A history of Malaysia (Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hamsphire: Palgrave, 2001). Baring-Gould, Sabine and Charles Agar Bampfylde, A history of Sarawak under its two White Rajahs, 1839-1908 (London: Henry Sothern, 1909). Boyle, Frederick, Adventures among the Dyaks of Borneo (Kuala Lumpur: Antara Book Company, 1984 [1865]). Brooke, Charles Johnson, Ten years in Sarawak, 2 vols. (London: Tinseley Brothers, 1866). Brown, Donald E., Brunei: the structure and history of a Bornean Malay sultanate ([Brunei: Brunei Museum], 1970). Chang Pat Foh, The land of freedom fighters (Kuching: Ministry of Social Development, Sarawak, 1995) Chin, John M., The Sarawak Chinese (Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1981). Crawfurd, John, A descriptive dictionary of the Indian islands and adjacent countries (London: Bradbury & Evans, 1856). Earl, George Windsor, The eastern seas, or voyages and adventures in the Indian Archipelago, in 1832-33-34, comprising a tour to the island of Java visits to Borneo, the Malay peninsula, Siam, &c.; also an account of the present state of Singapore, with observations on the commercial resources of the Archipelago (London: William H. Allen and Co., 1837). Geddes, William Robert, Nine Dayak Nights (London: Oxford University Press, [1957] 1961).
68 2002.04 Green, Eda, Borneo: the land of river and palm (London: Borneo Mission Association, [1909]). Gullick, J. M., Indigenous political systems of Western Malaya ([London]: University of London, Athlone Press, 1958). Helms, Ludvig Verner, Pioneering in the Far East, and the journeys to California in 1849 and to the White Sea in 1878 (London: W. H. Allen, 1882). Hornaday, William T., The experiences of a hunter and naturalist in the Malay Peninsula and Borneo (Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1993 [1885]). Jackson, James C., Chinese in the West Borneo goldfields: a study in cultural geography (London: University of Hall, 1970). Keppel, Henry, The expedition to Borneo of H. M. S. Dido for the suppression of piracy: with extracts from the journal of James Brooke, Esq. of Sarawak, 3 rd edition, 2 vols. (London: Chapman and Hall, 1847). Keppel, Henry, A visit to the Indian Archipelago, in H. M. Ship Mæander with portions of the private journal of Sir James Brooke, K. C. B. (London: Richard Bentley, 1852). King, Victor T., Ethnic classification and ethnic relations: a Borneo case study (London: Centre for Southeast Asian Studies, The University of Hall, 1979). Lockard, Craig Alan, From kampung to city: a social history of Kuching Malaysia, 1820-1970 (Athens: Ohio University Center for International Studies, Center for Southeast Asian Studies, 1987). Low, Hugh, Sarawak its inhabitants and productions being notes during a residence in that country with His Excellency Mr. Brooke (Petaling Jaya: Delta, 1990 [1848]). MacDonald, Malcolm, Borneo people (Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1985 [1956]). McDougall, Harriette, Sketches of our life at Sarawak (Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1992 [1882]). Mundy, Rodney, Narrative of events in Borneo and Celebes, down to the occupation of Labuan from the journals of James Brooke, ESQ, Rajah of Sarawak, and
Brooke 69 governor of Labuan together with a narrative of the operations of H. M. S. Iris, in 2 vols. (London: John Murray, 1848). Pfeiffer, Ida, A lady s second journey round the world (London: Longman, 1855). Sharp, Arthur F., The wings of the morning (London: H. H. Greaves, [n. d.]). St. John, Spencer, Life in the forests of the Far East, 2 vols. (Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1974 [1862]). Templer, John C. (ed.), The private letters of Sir James Brooke, K. C. B. Rajah of Sarawak, narrating the events of his life, from 1838 to the present time, in 3 vols. (London: Richard Bentley, 1853).
* ** 1 * 1919 1941 4 1943 9 1944 3 1944 7 304 1946 2 1946 7 1948 4 1979 3 1969 1971 1979 1982 1999 ** 1 5 2001 11 9-12 70
71 10 Leiden C. Van Vollenhoven 1921 1918
72 2002.04 2 3 2 3
73 1941 1945
* (Graduate Program) * 2002 4 30 5 1 74
75 (discipline) (multidisciplinary) (Undergraduate program)
76 2002.04 Fred Riggs Ben Anderson Clifford Geertz Fred Riggs 1966 1 Riggs John Girling Karl Jackson 2 Girling Jackson Kyaw Yin Hlaing 3 Anek Laothamatas Riggs 1973 4 1973 1973 Anderson 5 (nation) Anderson Anderson 1 Fred W. Riggs, Thailand: The Modernization of a Bureaucratic Polity. Honolulu: East-West Center Press, 1966. 2 J.S. Girling, The Bureaucratic Polity in Modernizing Societies: Similarities, Differences, and Prospects in the ASEAN Region. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1981; Karl Jackson, Bureaucratic Polity: A Theoretical Framework for an Analysis of Power and Communications in Indonesia, in Political Power and Communications in Indonesia, edited by Karl Jackson and Lucien Pye, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978, pp.3-22. 3 Yin Hlang Kyaw, The Politics of State-Business Relations in Post-Colonial Burma. Ph.D. thesis presented to Graduate School of Cornell University (Department of Government), May 2001. 4 Anek Laothamatas, Business Associations and the New Political Economy of Thailand: From Bureaucratic Polity to Liberal Corporatism. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1992. 5 Benedict R. O G Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London and New York: Vreso Press, 1991.
77 (nation building) Anderson Geertz 6 (abangan) (santri) (priyayi) Geertz 50 Geertz 7 87% Geertz 8 ( ) 1999 9 17 37% 1955 43% Geertz 10 Geertz 6 Clifford Geertz, Religion of Java. Glencoe:Free Press, 1960. 7 Leo Suryadinata, Military Ascendancy and Political Culture: A Study of Indonesia s Golkar. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1989. 8 Leo Suryadinata, Indonesia s Foreign Policy under Suharto: Aspiring to International Leadership. Singapore: Times Academic Press, 1996. 9 Leo Suryadinata, Elections and Politics in Indonesia. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2002. 10 Mark Woodward, Islam in Java: Normative Piety and Mysticism in the Sultanate of Yogyakarta. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, 1989.
78 2002.04 Donald Willmott 1960 11 Arend Lijphart 12 (Consociational Democracy) Lijphart 1969 1975 13 1969 Lijphart (culture and area-bound) Lijphart Lijphart Lijphart 11 Donald E. Willmott, The Chinese of Semarang. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1960. 12 Arend Liphart, Consociational Democracy in Plural Societies: A Comparative Exploration. New Haven: Yale University Press,1977. 13 Lijphart, pp. 147-153.
79 14 Victor Purcell 15 Purcell William Skinner 1950 16 Skinner Skinner Mary Somers Charles Coppel 17 Skinner 18 14 (Leo Suryadinata) < > << >> 14 (1990) 100-116 Leo Suryadinata, Chinese and Nation Building in Southeast Asia. Singapore: Singapore Society of Asian Studies, 1997; Amy L. Freedman, Political Participation and Ethnic Minorities: Chinese Overseas in Malaysia, Indonesia and the United States. New York and London: Routledge, 2001. 15 Victor Purcell, The Chinese in Southeast Asia. Oxford University Press, 1950. 16 G. William Skinner, Report on the Chinese in Southeast Asia. Ithaca, Cornell University, 1951; G. William Skinner, The Chinese of Java, in Colloquium on Overseas Chinese, edited by Morton H. Fried, New York: Institute of Pacific Relations, 1958, pp.1-10; G. William Skinner, The Chinese Minority, in Indonesia, edited by Ruth T. McVey, New Haven: Yale University, 1963, pp.97-117. 17 Mary F. Somers, Peranakan Chinese politics in Indonesia. Ithaca, N.Y., Cornell University, 1964; Leo Suryadinata, Peranakan Chinese politics in Java, 1917-42. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1976, revised edition 1980; Charles Coppel, Patterns of Chinese Political Activities in Indonesia, In The Chinese in Indonesia: Five Essays. Edited by J.A.C. Mackie, Melbourne: Thomas Nelson, 1976, pp. 59-76. 18 Leo Suryadinata, Pribumi Indonesians, the Chinese Minority and China: Perceptions and Policies. Kuala Lumpur and London: Heinemann Asia, 1978; Leo Suryadinata, Chinese and Nation-Building in Southeast Asia. Singapore: Singapore Society of Asian Studies, 1997, reprinted 1999; The Culture of the Chinese Minority in Southeast Asia, Singapore: Times Academic Press, 1997.
80 2002.04 D.G.E.Hall Sartono Kartodirdjo R.O. Winstedt
* Social Sciences Area Studies * 2002 4 30 5 1 81
82 2002.04 Natural Sciences Humanities Social Sciences Oriental Studies Area Studies Asian Studies
83 Eurocentrism Fragmentation
84 2002.04 MutualIsolation Globalization / - world-economy 2002 -
85 / transborder/transnational 2002 / scale / / /
86 2002.04 Diaspora Studies / Globalization Globalism Globalism
87 Asianization - /
88 2002.04 globalization globalism Asianization Transdisciplinary Global Studies / Transborder/Transnational / Multi-Scalar Analysis / / Long Time Span / Transdisciplinary /
89
* 1 Soviet Bloc * 861 1 Institute of Asian-Pacific Studies IAPS 90
91 ASEAN
1943 92
93 Peter Bellwood Robert Blust Babara Thiel 1996 Rey A. Santiago 1 Cagayan Cagayan 1970 1986 Lal-lo Melchor L. Aguilera Cagayan Aprri, Camalaniugan Lal-lo 1 Rey A. Santiago 1995-96 1996-97 1997-2002 Jose Santiago, Sheldon Clyde B. Jago-On, Adam V. Soriano, Jimmy B. Fabela, Augusto Borlasa
94 2002.04 1996 Cagayan 1997 Abulug 100 1998 Cagayan Muguel Supnet Leodivico Capina 2000 Cagayan Nagsabaran
95 red slip pottery Nagsabaran 2001 Cagayan Nagsabaran Nagsabaran Peter Bellwood Wilheim Solheim Charles Higham Richard Shutler 91
1999 7 2000 12 2001 1 12 Da But Lang Cong Ha Long Ba Vung Da But Ha Long post-hoabinhian 96
97
1940 7 1. 2. 3. 1945 ; 4. 2000 8 31 2001 3 31 98
99 3 4 1. 1940 7 2. 3.
100 2002.04 4. 10 6 5 1860-1961
1684 101
102 2002.04,
103 1860
104 2002.04
Forging a Colonial Bureaucracy: Examining Japan's Colonial Legacy in Taiwan (1) I propose to examine colonial administration in Taiwan (1895-1945) in Japan s empire-building. Essentially I argue that the key to the mechanism of Japanese colonial administration in Taiwan lay not in the formal structure of the bureaucracy but in the extra-bureaucratic set-up. The administration of colonial Taiwan paralleled much of modern Japan with major and minor revisions adapted to local conditions from time to time. Taiwan was a laboratory of Japanese colonialism, so to speak. Much, however, remains to be explored as to how the bureaucrats who ran the colony of Taiwan were recruited from Japan and circulated within the empire. It has become generally accepted that the bureaucrats who were recruited into Taiwan followed an established order of official ranking, which determined salary-rank as well as the package of career benefits and outlook. It has been pointed out that much of the experimentation was taken to Korea after 1910; that after 1932 it found its way into Manchukuo; and that it then drifted even further in the Co-Prosperity Sphere of the Greater East Asia (or the South ) during the Pacific War. In practice, however, this argument is easy to make but difficult to prove. Thus, I turn to an alternative hypothesis that it was the Taiwan Government-General that tapped into the same bureaucratic sources as the rest of Japanese empire. 105
106 2002.04 As a result of the war, Taiwan s social and political constitution of postwar society was drastically reshuffled. The administrative system created by the Japanese in the early years of colonial rule not only functioned to the end of the colonial rule, but has survived with slight modification in today s Taiwan. I, however, argue that while the Nationalist Government succeeded in taking over the administrative structure of the Taiwan Government-General (Taiwan Sotokufu) from the Japanese, much of the operational mechanism was lost in the transition. By focusing on the institutional transition of neighborhood organizations from baojia to linli (the postwar successor of baojia), I underscore the continuity with rather than the changes from the colonial legacy. (2) Japanese rule in Taiwan was characterized by a large police role in the colonial administration. While this is widely acknowledged, it leaves out one crucial aspect of Japanese colonialism, the role of the bureaucracy. The number of the bureaucrats in colonial Taiwan at any time during the fifty years of Japanese rule was small. How did the Japanese make their administration work? Essentially, I posit that the extra-bureaucracy in colonial Taiwan allowed Taiwan Sotokufu to respond promptly to Japan s wartime demands with minimum bureaucratic red tape. This was an advantage exclusive to Japan s colonies (mainly, Korea and Taiwan). It helps explain, at least partially, why wartime mobilization was carried out earlier and more effectively in Japan s colonies than in Japan proper. After all, Japanese interregnums in Asia were also an integral part of long-term change and development. While changes brought about by total war were critical in terms of structural transformation, the structural transformation also evolved out of the past, and thus we see the importance of continuity. Their apparent paradox invites further examination of Japanese colonial legacy in Taiwan, specifically on the issues of modernity. Moreover, as has been observed, Japan s empire-building served as colonial legacy to nation-building in many parts of postwar Asia. On the one hand, the Japanese colonial legacy shaped the politics, memory and history of postwar Asia. On the other, Japan s total war brought about rapid but durable structural change in Asia, which was revolutionary in nature. On the whole, I hope to demonstrate that bureaucratic exchange and policy movements not only flowed from the core to the margins they were sometimes reciprocal. In terms of bureaucratic rule, I aim to demonstrate that the implementation of certain policies in colonial Taiwan, such as the police system and
Forging a Colonial Bureaucracy: Examining Japan s Colonial Legacy in Taiwan 107 the bureaucracy, indeed helped shape policy formation in Japanese imperial empire. (3) In an attempt to define the role of the bureaucracy in the Government-General of Taiwan, I essentially adopt a legal perspective and rely heavily on legal sources. My major source material includes various compilations of laws, ordinances, and archives concerning imperial Japan (Taiwan in particular), in addition to newsletters and rosters of various levels of local government. My preliminary study so far has proved remarkably rewarding, endorsing the general observation that the Japanese ran the colonial administration in Taiwan for half a century with remarkable stability and efficiency. My research, however, also points to the need to go outside of the bureaucracy. That is, the Japanese innovation lay in the extra-bureaucratic set-up, an issue to be further pursued in this research. In my another work on mapping neighborhood and the legal basis of the bureaucratic system, I have contended that the mechanical implication of state control in the metaphor of a war machine needs qualification. The modern Japanese state tapped into the communal idea of an extended family system, as exemplified in the wartime slogan, universal harmony (hakko ichiu), in which the idea of neighborly mutual aid (rinpo sojo) was framed along a hierarchical order of household, neighborhood, society, nation, and empire. However, local people, whether in Japan proper or its colonies, responded to the Japanese state s war mobilization because they saw their home, their neighborhood, and their lives at stake and this invites a new look at the role of local identity in war mobilization. Policy movements, moreover, did not only flow from the colonizer to the colonized they were somewhat reciprocal. That is, the implementation of at least a few policies in colonial Taiwan indeed helped shape policy-decisions in Japan proper. Andre Schmid s critique of Carol Gluck s notion of Japan without empire suggests more interaction between Japan and its colonies than is generally acknowledged. 1 There were over 300,000 Japanese on the island in August 1945. This number was roughly one-twentieth of the total population in Taiwan at that time, an overwhelming majority holding key positions in colonial administration. Much remains to be explored as to how the bureaucrats who ran the colony of Taiwan were recruited from Japan and circulated within the empire. What has 1 Andre Schmid, Colonialism and the Korea Problem in the Historiography of Modern Japan: A Review Article, The Journal of Asian Studies 59.4 (November 2000), pp. 953-956.
108 2002.04 become known is that the bureaucrats who were recruited into Taiwan followed an established order of official ranking, which determined salary-rank as well as the package of career benefits and outlook. And yet, we know little about the Japanese in Taiwan, let alone their postings in the empire. This was the same source of bureaucracy that the Taiwan Government-General tapped into and run the colonial administration for half a century with remarkable stability and efficiency. It would be helpful to know via what channels were officials recruited or circulated within the Japanese empire, for instance, and how Japanese businesses posted their employees. It remains to be seen to what extent institutions and methods developed in Taiwan shaped policy formation in Japan. (4) This study, moreover, examines theories and practices of the rule by the bureaucracy (kanji gyosei) in both Japan proper and colonial Taiwan. While in Japan the bureaucracy constantly had to grapple with the issue of self-rule as reflected in the control of village communities (sonraku kyodotai), in colonial Taiwan the struggle of the bureaucracy vs. the village community was seldom an issue. Rather, I argue that the colonial administration was well established on the basis of rule by the bureaucracy Taiwanese-style which tapped into the instrumental utility of the hoko (baojia in Chinese) system for social control and mobilization. I will begin with the reconstruction of the bureaucratic system in Taiwan under Japanese rule, with specific emphasis placed on the role of the bureaucracy in local administration. As mentioned above, the key to the mechanism of Japanese colonial administration in Taiwan lay not in its formal structure but in the extra-bureaucratic set-up. The Japanese bureaucratic system was rigid in structure and its law-making process could be painfully slow from the perspective of governors-general of Taiwan. A formal structure like this one invited intervention from the central government while making little room for local improvisation. Thus, the Government-General of Taiwan almost from the beginning of the Japanese period had worked out an extra-bureaucratic system to help recruit personnel outside the formal bureaucratic structure. Initially, this practice was basically an improvisation devised to attract the Japanese to serve on the island. The extra-bureaucrats and functionaries thus recruited were responding to the practical calls of the early colonial administration and naturally fell into three major categories: technical support, administrative assistance, and the police force. This
Forging a Colonial Bureaucracy: Examining Japan s Colonial Legacy in Taiwan 109 extra-bureaucratic system continued to grow and was to be institutionalized after 1920, as witnessed in the system of the so-called temporary staff of Taiwan Government-General. Meanwhile, the extra-bureaucracy was extended to local administration, as seen in the installation of the so-called local official-treatment staff, which became a permanent feature internalized into, and yet remaining outside of, the formal bureaucracy. Equally important, the extra-bureaucracy was later converted to Japan s war efforts with remarkable efficiency. I will then turn to the examination of the way the local was created. By making a point that neighborhood was created in colonial Taiwan, I aim to test the idea of the local as an invented identity. Essentially, I argue that the Japanese attempted to build a modern system out of a traditional one by collapsing the temporal with the spatial. In this way, I argue that the geo-administrative system to create a sub-village unit for administrative purposes was an institutional innovation, if not invention, in modern Japan. The ward system is a good example of this process. Just as the implementation of the oaza (sub-village zones) in Japan was antedated by a big ward system prior to the 1889 local administrative reform, the ward system in Taiwan too was proceeded by a big ward system effective from 1909 to 1920. The 1920 local administrative reform witnessed the creation of a small ward system. Significantly, while the creation of the ward system in modern Japan was administrative and thus oriented toward state-making, it also provided links of social instrumentality for regional identity and local reformation built along geo-spatial boundaries. As such, I propose that the ward system was less normative in Taiwan than in Japan proper, and that the hoko system in Taiwan worked both to regulate and to complement the ward system in a way unique in the Japanese empire. Essentially, I posit that the local administrative system, such as the ward, worked not only because it was a fully integrated state mechanism, but also because the mechanism tapped into local sources which offered a vital means for organization. That is, historical roots, social needs and status, as well as the romanticization of a natural community, or what Lin Nan would call social capital today. In this way, local identities were bridged, and Taiwan identity began to take shape, a problematique to be followed up in this research. In the end, I argue that the period surrounding the close of the war was uneventful in Taiwan. By addressing to the theme of a peaceful transition, I stress the structural changes brought about by the Japanese wartime government on local administration, changes which were largely inherited by the Nationalist government
110 2002.04 after the war. As John Dower argues, the war was a profound catalyst of structural transformation. 2 However, the structural transformation in wartime Taiwan evolved from the long-term organizational build-up of imperial Japan. (5) Thus put, Taiwan was secured in a position to complement and also to compete with other sub-imperial spheres, such as Manchukuo and Korea, so far as Japan proper was concerned. To what extent did the annexation of Korea in 1910 influence the pattern of the bureaucratic formation within empire of Japan? Did Taiwan ever function, as Louise Young argued for the case of Manchukuo, as a mobilization machine, forcing Japan to respond to problems in terms of policy making? And, what is the historical significance of this sub-imperial sphere in terms of Taiwan s postwar legacy? These remain problems for further exploration. And given the high-handed control of colonial Taiwan, how did this affect policy formation in Japan proper? It remains to be seen to what extent institutions and organizations developed in Taiwan shaped policy formation in Japan. Essentially, my study re-examines the way Japanese colonial rule restructured Taiwan s politics, society, and cultural identity in the twentieth century, as well as contributions to our knowledge of Japanese imperial administration. By bringing total war back into this study of Japan s oldest colony, I hope also to highlight the problem of Japan s colonial modernity in Taiwan. To the extent that Taiwan serves as a case study of Japan s colonial empire, I offer some comparisons of Taiwan with Japan proper along with Java and Korea in an effort to illuminate the concept of rule by the bureaucracy in Japan s empire-building. It also points to the relevance of comparative studies between Taiwan and Japan s other colonies and her Southeast Asian empire. 2 John W. Dower, Empire and Aftermath: Yoshida Shigeru and the Japanese Experience, 1878-1954 (Cambridge [Massachusetts] and London: Council of East Asian Studies, Harvard University, 1988), p. 280.
* ** *** 1920 1910 1923 1920 1937 1926 ( ) * ** *** 111
112 2002.04 1910 1927 1872 1948 400 excel
113 1870 (1) (2) 20 ( 1911 ) (3)
114 2002.04 400 1872-1949 1911~13 1928~29 1922~27 1911~1949 1927 1929 2001.11 2000.9
115 2002.3.30-31 2002.3.30-31
saman shaman Tungus shamanism 116
117 synchronic diachronic 1. 2. 3. 4. historical anthropology prosopography
118 2002.04
119 1. http://ultra.ihp.sinica.edu.tw/~linfs/saman/ 2. 3. 4. 5.
1959 1981 1948 1948 1959 1981 Olympic Games 1959 5 55 120
121 Olympic Committee of the Republic of China in Taiwan 1960 1964 1968 1968 10 67 11 1971 1972 1973 1975 1976 Montreal C China 1977 1980 Chinese Taiwan Olympic Committee IOC 1979 10 15 12 7 Lausanne 1981
122 2002.04 Chinese, Taipei 1959 1981
123
124 2002.04 (case study)
125 1. (constitutional framework maker)
126 2002.04 2. 3. 67
127 4. 1 2 (Bundesstaat Prinzip) 3 5.
128 2002.04
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 90 7 92 12 ) 1. 2. 15-20 3. 129
130 2002.04 4. 90 7 12 1 2 91 2 3 92
1997 1999 131
132 2002.04 1999 1.38 OECD 1999 Equal Employment Opportunity Law family-friendly firms career patterns 1990 27 1999 36 1. 2. 3.
133 4. 5.
1900-2000 1900-2000 1900-2000 20 ( ) I II A Bibliography for the History and Culture of Thailand 1900 2000 1900 1903 1903 3. 134
1900-2000 135 9.10
136 2002.04 1900 1.2 1898.6.12 1901 1.21 2.2 (M. P. Chapelle) 2.23 (Francisco Braganza) 5.7 (William Taft) ( Taft Commission) 5.20 6.3 (Shurman Commission) 9.1 9.6 12 (Arthur) 12.23 (Partido Federalista Federal Party) 1.31 2.6 3.23 (Emilio Aguinaldo) 4.1 (Martin Delgado) (Panay) (Civil Governor) 7.3 (Spruner Act) 7.4 8. 8. (Cebu) 9.1
1900-2000 137 1902 1903 9.6 9.28 (Balangiga) (Samar) 10.2 (non-christian Tribes Bureau) 11. 11.15 (Littleton Waller) 12. (Bojol) (Batangas) 1904 2.2 (UOD) 2.3 4.5 (Mindanao) (Lake Lanao) 4.27 (Vicente Lucban) 7.1 (the Philippine Organic Act) 1916 7.4 (Theodore Roosevelt) 8.3 (Father Aglipay) (Aglipayans) 11. 11.6 11.18 (M. Guidi) (Gold Standard Fund) 2. (Apdinarro Mabini) 3.2
138 2002.04 1904 4.5 (J. Pershing) 6.1 (Tawi Tawi) 8.26 10.7 10.15 (Panglima Hassan) (Jolo) 1. (Luke Wright) 3. (Raymando Melliza) 4.26 7.11 (Rizal) 10.10 1899 (Bates) 1905 1. (Laguna) 1906 1907 1.9 4.10 (Datto Pala) 9.4 (Lope Santos) Rays and Sunrise (Tagalog) 1.1 3.10 Mt. Dajo 5.5 1.9 No.1532 1.29%
1900-2000 139 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 3.12 (Manuel Quezon) (S. Osmena) (Partido Nacionalista, National Party) 7.30 (Philippines Assembly) 8. (National Progress Party) 10.16 6.18 8.18 (W.Cameron Forbes) 8.5 (Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act) 11.20 (Vissyan) (Felipe Salvador) 1.30 (Taal) 9.14 (Underwood Tarriff Bill) 10.6 (Francis Burton Harrison) 11.16 12.20
140 2002.04 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 (Carlos Bulasan) (Binalonan) 1.25 VOF 3.22 (PNB) 8.29 Philippine Autonomy Act Johns Act 10.16 (Manila Railroad Co.) 3. 10.16 (Democrata Partido) (71%) (National Development Company) (UAF) 3.17 4.4 (Colorum) 2.5 12.2 1921 5.4 PNB NDC (Wood- Forbes Mission) (Leonard Wood)
1900-2000 141 1922 1923 1924 7. 96% 4. (RA3058 ) 7. 50% 10. (Manuel Roxas) 11.29 3. (Pedro Kabola) 7.17 1.10 (Samales Group) Leyte 1925 3.4 1926 2.26 1927 1928 1929 7.26 (Pedro Calosa) (Henry L. Stimson) 1. (Andres Bonifacio) (Katipunan ) 2.6 10. (AFL) 12. (KPMP) (Pedro A. Santos) (Pampanga)
142 2002.04 1930 1931 5. (KAP) 9. (AMT) 1. (Watsonville) 1. (Hiram Bingham) 5. 6. (Sakdal) 6.17 11.7 (Jacinto Manahan) (KPMP) (Davao) 1.10 (Tayug) 10.28 (Herbert Hoover) 12. 12 1932 1.8 (Butler B. Hare) (Hawes-Cutting Bill) 1933 10.26 12.17 (Frank Murphy) 1935 1.17 10.12 10.17 10.29 (Benigno Ramos) (Partido Sakdalista)
1900-2000 143 1934 3.19 (Tydings-McDuffie Act ) 3.23 3.24 5.1 6. 7.30 11.1 NEPA 1935 2.8 1936 1937 3.31 5.2 (Cabuyao) 5.14 9.17 11.15 Philippines Commonwealth (Sergio Osmena) 12. (Douglas MacArthur) 12. 3.31 12. (James S. Allen) 4.30
144 2002.04 1938 1939 1940 7.1 12.30 NDC 2.7 4.5 6.26 CLM 8. (Partido Ganap) 1942.4 10. 11.7 12.7 (Ferdinand Marcos) National Land Settlement Administration Co. 7. 8.7 1941 1951 100% 1935 (Rural Progress Administration Co.) 4. ( ) 5.2 6.7 ( ) 6.18
1900-2000 145 1941 7.26 8.19 8.7 10.5 11.11 11.22 12.8 12.10 12.20 12.26 (Corregidor) 1942 1.2 1943 1.28 1.23 (Executive Committee) (Jorge B. Vargas) 2.20 3.27 5.13 3.29 (Vicente Lava) Huk Balahap 4.3 4.11 5.6 (Mariveles) (San Fernando) 12. 6.16 6.20 9.30 10.14 (Jose Laurel) 1944 3. 8.1 9.23
146 2002.04 10.23 12.8 (Makapili) 1945 1.9 2.3 1946 1.19 2.5 3.8 (Emjltr Agutnaldo) 2.27 3.28 8.17 5. PKM 6.8 1941 7. PCLO 7.15 PKM PCLO DM 7.28 9.3 9.23 Huks 10.20 11. 11. 12.13 (Liberals Party) 4.23 Elpidio Quirino 5.28 6.25 7.4 (Republic of the Philippines) 7.5
1900-2000 147 1947 3.11 7.5 Bell Trade Act 8.29 HMB 3.14 Military Bases Agreement) 3.26 3.21 1948 1.2 1949 1950 3.6 4.15 5.10 8.15 6.17 10.17 PKP 11.8 12.27 70% 1. 1950 3.29 11.10 (People s Liberation Army) 4.1 8.7 9.1 (Ramon Magsaysay) 12.
148 2002.04 1951 1952 3.31 1953 1954 2.23 L. Taruc 5.11 8.30 Mutual Defense Treaty 9.8 4.15 (William Pomeroy) 6.18 8.27 10.22 FFF 3.9 5.26 (Carlos Rombu) LiberalDemocratic Party 11.10 (The Industrial Peace Act) 12.30 Carlos Garcia 5.17 6.18 (Philippines Relief and Trade Rehabilitation Administration PRATRA) 6.19 (Retail Trade Nationalization Law) 9.8 SEATO 9. 12.15 1955 9.9
1900-2000 149 1956 1957 3.17 1958 1959 4.26 1960 9.15 11.9 (Jose Rizal) 5.9 Philippine-Japanese Reparations Agreement 7.11 7.16 12.5 Diosdado Macapayal, 5.22 6.22 CNI 11.12 (Jose Yulo) (Jose Laurel) 3.11 6.11 8.13 9. (Philippine First) 10.12 (Bohlen-Serrano Agreement) (Mutual Defense Board) 40% 66%
150 2002.04 1961 1.18 1962 4.30 1963 1964 7.15 1965 1966 12.9 3.14 8.3 Association of Southeast Asia, ASA 11.17 (E.Palaez) 6.22 ( ) (Ferdinand E. Marcos) 1.22 7.30 8.3 8.8 Agriculture Land Reform Act 9.16 11.25 11.30 KM 11.9 12.30 (Fernando Lopez) KM 1.25 5.10
1900-2000 151 1966 6.3 7.14 9.1 9.16 1967 2.7 MAN 1968 1969 2.11 1969 11.14 1970 8.1 (Association of Southeast Asia Nations ASEAN) 9.1 (CSM) 3. 5. (Udtog Matalam) (The Muslim Independence Movement) 5. MIM 7.16 8.27 9.18 9.20 12.26 (Jose Sison) (PCP) 3.29 PCP New People s Army 4.18 7.26 11.11 12.30 12.16 (Nur Misuari) (The Moro National Liberation Front) 1.26 1.30 Mendtola
152 2002.04 1971 1.14 1972 1.11 2.21 4.5 4.7 7. 7.24 11.10 6.1 6.19 6. (FFF) 8.21 Benigno S. Aquino 8.23 (Habeas Corpus) 11.8 2.12 7.8 9.22 9.23 9.29 10. (MNCF) 10.13 11.30 12.7 (Imelda Marcos)
1900-2000 153 1973 NDF 1.16 1.17 1.31 7.27 9.9 9.11 12.27 1974 2.7 MNLF 1975 1.18 2. (Hiroo Onoda) 6.20 7.3 9.1 9.17 9.20 10. (Lavatite) Partido Kommunistang Pilipinas, PKP 2.27 4.17 5.10 6.7 6.9 6.30
154 2002.04 1976 1977 1.16 10.27 (Guiuermode Vega) 11.1 11.6 (Metro Manila) 11.7 11.14 12.6 12.7 (G. Ford) 3.29 4.12 4.18 5.31 6.2 7.12 9. 9.10 (Batasang Pambansa Interim National Assembly) 10.3 12.15 12.23 12.23 12.30 12. (Dante) 1.21 1.22 2.6 2.14 3.26 4.17
1900-2000 155 3.31 6.3 7.1 8.4 9. 1978 1982 10. Batan 11. (GATT) 12.17 89% 1978 1.3 1979 1980 1.30 1.14 2.7 1978 3.12 4.17 (IBP) (KBL) 4.19 (Lorenzo Tanada) 6.2 6.12 9.8 10.31 ADB 11.17 1.7 2.16 5.11 9.3 1971 5.1 (Baguio) 5.8
156 2002.04 1981 1.17 1982 11.3 (Raul Manglapus) 2.17 (Pope John Paul II) 4.7 6. (Cardina Jaime Sin) 6.16 88% 7.3 (Cesar Virata) 8.10 3.12 (Philippines Sharia Institute) 4.23 (Salvador Laurel) (UNIDO) 7.6 8.7 9.17 9.19 1983 2. 1984 8.21 8.31 9.20 9.30 10.3 (R. Reagan) 10.10 11.1 11.2 (Juan Ponce Enrile) RAM
1900-2000 157 1985 1.21 1.27 2.1 4.27 32% 4.26 7.3 (Father Brian Gore) (Father Niall O Brien) 7.6 7.30 8.21 9.21 10. IMF 10.13 10.23 ( Agrava) Ver 12.26 Declaration of Unity Jovito Salonga 1.23 2.1 3. RAM 3.4 Arturo Tolentino 7. 10.16 (Laxail) 10.23 (Surigao del Sar Province) Gregorto Marillo 11.3 11. (New Allied of People Power)
158 2002.04 12.2 12.3 1986.2.7 Corazon Aquino 1986 2.7 2.15 2.16 2.20 2.22 Juan Enrile Fidel Ramos 2.24 2.25 2.27 3.2 3.25 1973 4.10 5.25 7.6 7.7 8.8 9.5 9.15 9.18 9.30 9.29 (Rodolfo Salas)
1900-2000 159 10.12 10.15 11.10 11.20 11.23 11.27 12.1 1987 1.2 1988 1.21 1.4 1.17 1.27 1.29 2.2 1992.6.30 2. 2.9 4.9 5.11 7.10 1987 8.26 8.28 9.9 9.19 (Buyan) (Leandro Alejandro) 12. (Fidel V. Ramos) 4.5 4.14 6.13
160 2002.04 1989 4.21 1990 8.27 10.17 1991 11.27 James Rowe 5.21 9.28 11.19 4 12.1 12.6 12.20 (National Emergency Act) 2. 5.14 8.28 (Luther Custodio) 10 10.24 11.5 (Reynaldo Bernado) 1991 1.2 1.3 1.8 1.11 1.19 1.29 2.6 (Victor Batac) (Abraham Purugganan)
1900-2000 161 1992 5.11 3.26 5.21 7.7 6.4 (Mt.Pinatubo) (Clark Field) 6.13 1991 8.27 9.16 11.26 10.8 11.4 12.18 24% 6.30 8.25 CPP 9.1 9.22 11.24 (Subic Bay) 1993 1. 1994 1.11 3.9 4.5 6. (Ramondel Rosanio) 8. 9.7 11.1 12 (PCAGC) 2.9
162 2002.04 1995 1.13 3.24 3.28 5.5 (VAT) BOT 6.3 Basilan 6.25 IMF 7.25 7941 (Republic Act No. 7941) 8.27 (MNLF) 9.5 9.22 1995.1 (SEC) 9.26 10.28 11.13 B. Clinton 12.14 (WTO) 1.29 2.8 2.13 2.23 3.3 3.20 3.24 3.29 4.4 MILF 5.8
1900-2000 163 1996 1.16 6.7 7.22 1978 9.8 IMF IMF 9.18 10.13 RAM 10.26 WTO 11.27 12.12 1978 12.16 1.25 2.29 Asia-Eupuro Meeting ASEM 3.28 4.2 MILF 4.12 MILF 4.28 MILF 5.27 17 0 6.6 7.6 8.14 8.29 9.2 10.3
164 2002.04 12.10 1997 1.7 MILF 1998 1.11 1999 1.13 6.10 7.11 (Peso) 8.6 9.20 (NDF) 3.18 2.10 (VFA) 4.6 (IPP) 5.11 (Joseph Estrada) 6.30 6.12 8.5 10.6 2.3 2.4 3.22 7.21 (CAB) 10.1 8.29 (LAMP) 9.18 12.6 (GSP) 2001 12.20 2000.1.8 2000 1.8 1.10 MILF (Maquindanao) 4.29 MILF 1.14
1900-2000 165 1.28 2.3 3.15 9.26 2.26 Ozamiz 3.7 (RA. No.8762) 3.24 4.12 4.22 (Abu Sayaph) 4.23 8.27 5.16 6.1 6.18 (RA. No.8792) 6.28 (OIC) MILF 7.5 7.17 9.1 (EO No.268) 9.16 11.13 11.21 12.7 12.30 2001 1 1 16 1 20 Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
166 2002.04 1512 1520 1613 1651 1701 1749 1797 1859 1861 1896 1898 (Alfonso Tabella) (Kupang) (Sir M. Orange) (A. R. Wallace) 1926 1904 10. 1908 10. 1910 1911 1912 (Manufai) 1913 4. 1914 6.25 1918 3. 10. 1921 11. 1922 2.5 4.
1900-2000 167 1926 9. 1933 3. 1934 1935 7. 1936 5. 7.20 8. 1937 6. 1938 8. M. A. N. da Fontoura 8.30 (Henry Fitzmaurice) 9.8 SAPT 10. (SAPT) (J. S. Louis) 7.9 12.8 1939 1.6 SAPT 3. 10. 40% 60%
168 2002.04 11.22 1940 1.4 1941 1942 1.13 4. 1941.10 12.5 12.8 12.17 2.7 2.20 8. 9.5 10.24 (Adauro) 8.18 8.21 1943 6. (Azores) 7. 10.26 11.26 1944 2.5 6.26 (A. de Oliver Salazar) 1945 4.7 8.14
1900-2000 169 1949 8.15 9.27 1950 1.1 1951 1959 4.20 (Okusi) (Wykeke) 1961 8 1973 1974 4.25 1975 1.22 Carnation Revolution 5.11 Fernando Alves Aldela ( UDT) 5.12 ASDT 5.27 ( APODETI) 6.17 ASDT 9.5 9.12 ASDT (FRETILIN) 11. Mario Lemos Pires 12.3 3.9 (Ali Murtopo) 3.20 5.7 5.26
170 2002.04 1975 7.17 1976 6. 6.26 7.8 1976.10 8.11 8.21 8.15 Aileu 8.28 11.28 (Democratic Republic of East Timor) 9.7 (UDT) 9.24 (UDT) 10.8 (Batugade) 10.16 (Varigi) 11.1 11.29 ( ) 12.7 12.7 12.22 12.24 Movimento das Forcas Armadas 1.20 2.3 4.22 5.31 6.29 7.15
1900-2000 171 7.17 8.19 11.19 1977 9. 1978 11.28 9.7 11.12 11.20 12.31 (Nicola Robert) 1979 10. 1980 6.10 1981 12.13 12.15 12.22 11.11 2. 1984 3.1 (CRRN) 4.15 5. 6.3 9. (Lakuroda) 12.24
172 2002.04 1982 1983 1984 4.12 5.16 10.13 11.23 3.23 4.7 5.10 (M. Ropes) (Bishop Carlos Felipe Belo) 7. 8. 1. 3.16 5. ( ) 10.23 1985 4. 1986 7.11 4.29 5.8 8.18 9.19 8.15 10.20 11.
1900-2000 173 1987 1988 1989 1990 1.17 1991 6.5 7.14 11. National Council of MaubereResistance, CNRM Jose Ramos Horta 6.28 PET 7. 9.5 9.15 9.16 11.2 12.29 1978 1.1 2.6 3.7 4.26 6.22 10.12 12.11 7.17 9.4 10. 2.22 10.26
174 2002.04 1991 10.28 (Gomes) 10.28 11.12 10.28 (Santa Claus) 11.12 11.19 11.21 1992 3. (IGGI) 3.11 (Lucitania) 11. 11.20 (Xanana Gusmao) 1993 4.5 5. 7. (Abirio Alaucho) 12. 1994 6. 7.11 7.14 9.29 9. 10.7 11.12 11.13
1900-2000 175 11.17 11.18 11.22 11.24 11.25 11. 1995 1.1 1996 1.9 2.3 2.6 2.7 6.3 6.30 6. 1991 7.9 9. 10. 12.7
176 2002.04 7.18 (CPLP) 10 CNRM (Jose Ramos-Horta) 10.19 11.9 1997 5. 1998 3.11 6.8 6.26 (P. Alex) 7.4 (Kirikay) 7.15 (K. Santana) 4. CNRM (CNRT) 6.9 6.10 6.12 6.13 6.18 6.20 6.23 6.24 6.27 7.17
1900-2000 177 1999 1.27 2000 1.30 7.28 8.5 (Jamie Gama) 11.4 11.9 12.19 1.30 3.11 5.15 8.30 9.4 UNAMET 9.5 9.7 9.14 9.20 INTERFET 10.19 MPR 1978 10.30 12.6 12.22 2.29 6.8 9.1 9.17
178 2002.04 11.14 12.11 (UNTAET) 2001 10 (Democratic Republic of East Timor) 1975 11 28 2002 5 20 1999 8 30 14 59 15
Commission for the Study of Chinese Records Relating to Thai History, the Secretariat of the Prime Minister Office of the Prime Minister, CSCR 1972 1976 1. (1) 1282-1752 (2) (3) (4) (5) 1-2 (6) 2. 3. 179
180 2002.04 Prof. Pornpan Juntaronanont Department of Thai and Oriental Languages Ramkhamhaeng University Hua Mark, Bangkapi, Bangkok 10160, Thailand sawary7@hotmail.com ( Ramkhamhaeng University )
91 1-4 4 24 30 4 18 30 4 11 30 4 23 40 181
182 2002.04 3 21 30 91 3 7 9.. / Ms. Michelle Falardeau-Ramsay Junko Kuninobu 1 10 30
183 2002
2002 1 1 (Area Studies) 1994 9 ~2001 12 1998 5 ~2001 12 (Asia-Pacific Research Program APARP) 1. 2. ( ) 184
185 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2002.1-2002.12 2. 3. 4. 1. ( ) 2. ( ) / 3. 5500 1800 4. 85 5. 1. 2. 1959 1981
186 2002.04 1 http://www.sinica.edu.tw/as/intro/ advisory.html (02) 2789-9377 (02)2782-2191 2782-2195 2782-2199, (02)651-6863 Email: aparp@gate.sinica.edu.tw http://www.sinica.edu.tw/~aparp No.56 Ron Van Oers: Dutch Colonial Town Planning between 1600 and 1800: Planning Principles & Settlement Typologies No.13 H. H. Michael Hsiao & Chin-Hsu Chang: The Chinese Managers in the Taiwanese Business in China: The Case of Xiamen 91 6 30 115 128
187 2002 4 8 6 21 22 15:10-16:20 Prof. Jon Sigurdson The Swedish School of Advanced Asia Institute for the Study of Economic Culture International Conference Pacific Studies, SSAAPS on NGOs and the Nation in a (Globalization Globalizing World: Asia-Pacific and High-tech Revolution in Asia Views Pacific) 4 8 Prof. Jon Sigurdson The Swedish School of Advanced Asia Pacific Studies, SSAAPS (Globalization and High-tech Revolution in Asia Pacific)
2002 3 13 2319 9:00-9:20 9:20-11:00 11:10-12:10 1927-1937 13:30-15:10 188
189 15:20-16:40 (1944-1945) 16:50-18:10 18:10-18:30 3 13
190 2002.04 2002 4 19 09:30-09:40 09:40-10:10 ( ) 10:30-11:50 (2000~2002) 11:50-13:00 13:00-13:30 ( )
191 13:30-14:50 15:10-17:10 20 20 (1904/11/11-1988/2/21) 17:10-17:40
192 2002.04 2002 2002 4 26 27 2002 4 26 10:20 ~ 12:00 1 1013 2 2011 1. 2. 3. Socially Constructed Labor Regime Controlled Ethnic Division of Labor in Transnationals: Malaysian and Vietnamese Taiwanese-invested Firms Compared 1. 2. 3.
193 14:20 ~ 16:00 3 1. 3010-2 2. ( ) 3. International regimes 4. 4001 13:00~14:00 1 1013 2 2011 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 1970-2001 2. 3. 3 1. 3010-2 2. 3.
194 2002.04 16:30 ~ 18:10 1 1013 2 2011 1. 2. 1992-2001 3. 1. 2. 3. 3 1. 3010-2 2. ASEAN 3.
195 2002 4 27 1 8:20 ~ 10:00 1005 2 1006 1. 2. 3. 4. 1954-1975 1. 2. 3. 10:20 12:00 ~ 1 1005 2 1006 10 00~10:20 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 2001
196 2002.04 2002 4 30 5 1 2319 2420 4 30 5 1
197 2002 4 30 9:00-9:20 9:30-12:30 (I) 2319 1. Sucheta Mazumdar / Tracing Genealogies: Asian Studies in the U.S. in Historical Perspective 2. Alvin So / Globalization and the Rise of East Asia and their Challenges to Area Studies and Social Science 3. Leo Suryadinata / 4. / The Role of Area Studies in Theory Construction: A Personal Adventure 5. / Infusion of Indigenous Elements in Sociological Theories: Illustration from Social Capital / 1:30-3:00 2420 2319 1. / / 1956 1. / / 2. / 2. / / 3. / 3:30-5:30 2420 2319 1. / 1. / (1930-1935) 2. / / Shift of Entrepots in 2. / Asia-Pacific Area and the Historical Process of Taiwan (7 th -20 th century) 3. / 3. /
198 2002.04 2002 5 1 9:30-12:30 (II) 2319 1. / 2. / 3. / 4. / Rational Choice Theory and China/Taiwan Studies 12:30-12:40
199 2002 5 8 4 116 64 (02)2938-7685 (02)2938-7686 japanese@nccu.edu.tw http://japanese.nccu.edu.tw/ Aix-en-Provence, France Barbara Merigeault IAE de Poitiers, 8th International 20 rue Guillaume VII Le Troubadour, 30-31 Euro-Asia Research BP 639, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France Conference +33-5-4945-4489 +33-5-4945-4490 13-15 First Inter-Dialogue Conference on Southern Thailand Experiencing Southern Thailand: Current Social Transformations from Peoples Perspectives euroasie@iae.univ-poitiers.fr Pattani, Thailand Prince of Songkla University Pattani, Thailand Department of Anthropology Harvard University, U.S.A Ms. Diyaporn Wisatamanan First Inter-Dialogue Conference on Southern Thailand (FIDCOST) Prince of Songkla University Pattani 94000 Thailand fidcost@bunga.pn.psu.a.c.th http://intranet.pn.psu.ac.th/fidcost/main.asp
200 2002.04 22-23 28-30 Sixth Asian Studies Conference Japan (ASCJ) Revisiting the Asian State 6/30-7/3 18-20 14th Biennial Conference of the Asian Studies Association of Australia After Sovereignty: Nation and Place The 1st World Congress of Korean Studies 2002 Embracing the Other: The Interaction of Korean and Foreign Cultures Tokyo, Japan Asian Studies Conference (ASCJ) Asian Studies Conference (ASCJ) c/o Institute of Asian Cultural Studies International Christian University 3-10-2 Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181, Japan +81-422-33-3633 ascj@max.icu.ac.jp http://www.meijigakuin.ac.jp/ ~kokusai/ascj/2002/2002.htm Leiden University, The Netherlands (1) Dr. Richard Boyd (2) Dr. Tak-Wing Ngo International Institute for Asian Studies P.O. Box 9515, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands (1) +31-71-527-2550 (2) +31-71-527-2528 (1) +31-71-527-2215 (2) +31-71-527-2526 (1) R.A.Boyd@let.leidenuniv.nl (2) T.W.Ngo@let.leidenuniv.nl Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Asian Studies Association of Australia Lee Slaidins Conference Design Pty Ltd, PO Box 342 Sandy Bay Tasmania 7006, Australia +61-3-6224-3773 +61-3-6224-3774 lee@cdesign.com.au http://www.cdesign.com.au/asaa2002/ Seongnam, Korea The Academy of Korean Studies (AKS) Gilsang Lee, Ph.D. The Academy of Korean Studies 50 Unjung-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do Korea, 463-791 +82-31-709-9843 +82-31-709-9945 congress@aks.ac.kr http://www.aks.ac.kr/enghome/
201 26-28 International Conference on the Long-Term Environmental Consequences of the Vietnam War 15-18 Traditions and Transformations: Evolving Perspectives on Asia Stockholm, Sweden editor@nnn.se http://www.nnn.se/vietnam/environ.htm Sydney, Australia Harvard Project for Asian and International Relations (HPAIR) Harvard University Macquarie University Yiting Liu HPAIR, P.O. Box 380032 Cambridge, MA 02238, USA +1-617-384-1158 +1-617-384-1158 hpair@hcs.harvard.edu http://www.hpair.org/