,, :,,,,,?,? 2004, 10,,,,, , , (Tanner,2006 ;Chung et al.,2006) 2004,, ( Xinhua News Bulletin,2004) 2006 :,2004, 0153, ,

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download ",, :,,,,,?,? 2004, 10,,,,, , , (Tanner,2006 ;Chung et al.,2006) 2004,, ( Xinhua News Bulletin,2004) 2006 :,2004, 0153, ,"

溥始晏
7 years ago
Views:

1 3 (Martin K. Whyte) :?,, 1978,,,,, 2004, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : 1978,30 10 %,,,,,,,1978 :, (9 8-9 ) 96

2 ,, :,,,,,?,? 2004, 10,,,,, , , (Tanner,2006 ;Chung et al.,2006) 2004,, ( Xinhua News Bulletin,2004) 2006 :,2004, 0153, , (,2006 :376), (social volcano),,,,,;,,,, : ( The Economist,2006) ; : 1978, ;2002, 0. 45,, ( Khan & Riskin, 2005) 97

0126 1, (,2006 :376), (social volcano),,,,,;,,,, : ( The

3 , (pitchfork anger) ( Time Asia,2006),?,?, ( )?, 2004,, ( International Social Justice Project,ISJ P), ,1991 ( Kluegel et al.,1995 ;Mason & Kluegel,2000) 2004,, ( spatial probability sampling, Landry & Shen,2005),,(Landry & Shen,2005) 2001,45 % ( GPS), (probability proportional to population size),, (Martin K. Whyte),:(Albert Park) ( ), (Pierre Landry) (),( [ Irvine ] ), (Jieming Chen) ( [ Kingsville ] ), (), (,) (Smith Richardson), (Weatherhead) ( Irvine) 98

,1995 ;Mason & Kluegel,2000) 2004,, ( spatial probability sampling, Landry & Shen,2005),,(Landry & Shen,2005) 2001,45 %

4 (over2sampling),,, (sampling weight), %, ,,,,, :???,,,,,,, ( ), (71. 7 %, 1A ),, (local),, % %(1A ),,, 99

5 ,,,,, 1Π3 1A ( %) N B ( %) N C ( %) N, , : 5,?,, ( 1B),,,,, 100

1 3265 1C ( %) N, 3. 8 15. 3 20. 9 34. 3 25. 8 3258 3. 8 15. 0 30. 2 37. 3 13. 6 3263 2.

6 ,26. 1 % 5,, : 5,,, (1C), 60 %,5 1C :,50 % ( %, %), %( 3. 8 %, %),,,,,51 %,,28 % ( 1C),,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,;,,,,, : 101

7 ,, : (merit2based) ( ), ;, ( ), 2A 2B 2A ( %) N B ( %) N A 2B,, 102

8 16. 6 3239 2 2B ( %) N 1. 8 3. 8 25 46. 3 23. 2 3265 1 7 13. 4 40. 5 29. 8 9. 3 3264 6 13. 3 26. 7 42. 6 12. 8 4. 6 3259 8 1. 5 5. 7 31. 1 49. 5 12.

8 , ;,, :,,,,,, (social injustice) 1Π4,, (individual merit),,,? :,,,,,,,, 1A, (local inequality),,,,,,,,,,,,, 103

9 , ( ) :,2004, ( Kluegel et al., 1995 ; Mason & Kluegel,2000) : 1991, ( [] ),1996, ( ), , 1996 ;,, 1991, : , 1991,,,3 1 2, 1 2 3A, :? 3A ( %), (71. 7 %),, ,,:, 95 %,,1991 :, (62. 5 %) ( 3A) 3A ( %)

1991, 1991,,,3 1 2, 1 2 3A, :? 3A ( %), (71. 7 %),, 1991 1996,,:, 95 %,,1991 :, (62.

10 3B ( %) n. a n. a B, 5 :, (2611 % vs %) ;,, (6111 % vs %),,,,,, IT, 1991,,,,, 2004 : 3,, 4 4,, 5 :, 4A 4B ( %),,, (merit2based),, 105

3 36. 7 3B, 5 :, (2611 % vs1 2911-5719 %) ;,, (6111 % vs1 2911-5719

11 ,, 4A ( %) B ( %) ,, 4,,,,,6113 %,, 1716 % 3915 %;,1714 %, 106

2311 2110 7216 8810 7316 3119 5812 6512 4419 4811 3210 3612 4B ( %) 2004 1996 1996 1996 1996 1996 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 6915 4813 3411 5311 5914 4914 46 5917 5319 6412 6511 3911 4015 6015 4214

12 ,3911 % 8214 %, 60 %,,7217 % 8913 % ( ),,,,, ( ),, 3 4,, :,,,,,,,, ( ),,,, :,,,,,, (material success),,,,, ( ), 107

13 ,1 2,,3118 %,2611 % 5, 2719 %,2112 %,, 26 %,,,,,, 4, 4 1 2,, (1A ) 5 ( ),, ( Excessive Inequality), 1C 4 (factor analysis), (factor score),, ( Harmful Inequality), 2A 2B,, :, ( [Unfair Inequality ]),, ( [Merit2based Inequality]) 1B, = 0. 53, :, = 0. 77, :, =

14 4,,, 3, ;,, 4, (5), 3 ( ),,, ( ),,3, ;, : 33p < 0101 ; 333p < ( ), :,,,,, ( Kluegel & Smith,1986) 109

15 ( ), 12 Π 4 : ( ),8 : ( un2πsemi2 skilled workers) (skilled workers) (self2employed, ) (routine non2mannual workers) (professionals) Π ( mangersπcadres) ( urban employed), ( ),, Π ( ),: ( = 1),(100),, (= 1,= 0),(= 1,= 0),2003,( = 1), ( = 1),,, ( ),,,, 12 12,,,, (lost generation), U (access to unofficial information), 7, 1 = 4 = 7 :,,,,,,,,, 110

urban employed), ( ),, Π ( ),: ( = 1),(100),, (= 1,= 0),(= 1,= 0),2003,( = 1), ( = 1),,,

16 , ( ),,,,,,,, (Skinner,2005),3, (),, 8, ( 0), 200 ( 7),, (,2004),,, ( 10),,, ( ),,,, (, Kluegel,,, 0, ,2, 111

17 ;Kreidl,2000),, : (1) 5, ( 1) ( 5) ; (2) ; (3) 3,, (bad experience), 5, ;,, 4, 6,, r, beta (standardized regression coefficients),, 6,3,,,, 5,,, ;,,,,,, 4 4 :,? 1 = 5 =, 1 5, 3 :,, ( 1),

18 6 r beta r beta r beta r beta Π omitted omitted omitted 103 omitted Π ( = 1) Π (= 1) ( = 1) omitted 101 omitted 103 omitted 101 Omitted R - squared : 3 p < 0105 ; 33 p < 0101 ; 333 p < ( ) beta (Standard Errors) 113

100 109 333 104 104 3 100 101-101 103-102 103-102 101-105 3 107 333 102 107 333-100 109 333 103 101-104 107 333 103 103-104 106 333 101 103-101 Π 102-100 - 100-104 101-103 101-104 ( = 1) - 104 3-102

19 ;,R 2, 4 %,,, 2, ;4,,,, ;,, ;,,, 3 6, () ( ) Π ( ),,,,,,,,, Π (6 3 ) :, Π, ;,,,,,,,,,, Π,,,,, 114

20 ,,,,,,,,,,, (intriguing puzzle) 6,, ( ), ( Kluegel & Smith,1986),,,,,,,,, () ;,,,,,, (minorities),, 3,,,,,, 3,,,,,,(p < 0105) ; (Han,2007) 115

21 , 0,,, 6,,, 3, ;, (0109, ),, (, ),,, ( 3 ),,, ;,,,,,, 6 :, 5,, ; 3,( ),, 6,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, 116

22 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( Time Asia, 2006),,,;,,,;,,, ;,, Π 117

23 ,,,,,,,, (socialist serfdom),,, (nowhere to go but up),,,,,,,,, 1A,,,,,,,,,,,, (procedural injustice), (distribu2 tive injustice),,,,(bernstein &Lu,2003 ;O Brien &Li,2006),,,,,,,, 20 90,, 118

24 ,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, :,2004, 2004,:,2006,,, 2006 :,:, Bernstein, Thomas & Xiaobo Lu 2003, Taxation without Representation in Contemporary Rural China. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. Chung, Jae Ho, Hongyi Lai &Ming Xia 2006, Mounting Challenges to Governance in China : Surveying Collective Protestors, Religious Sects, and Criminal Organizations. The China Journal 56. The Economist 2006, How the Other 800m Live. March 22. Han, Chunping 2007, Rural2Urban Cleavages in Perceptions of Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Department of Sociology, Harvard University. Inequality in Contemporary China. Khan, Azizur &Carl Riskin 2005, China s Household Income Distribution, 1995 and The China Quarterly 182. Kluegel, James 1988, Economic Problems and Socioeconomic Beliefs and Attitudes. Research on Social Stratification and Mobility 7. Kluegel, James & Eliot Smith 1986, Beliefs about Inequality : Americans Views of What Is and What Ought to Be. New York : Aldine de Gruyter. Kluegel, James, David Mason &Bernd Wegener (eds. ) 1995, Social Justice and Political Change. New York : Aldine de Gruyter. 119

25 Kreidl, Martin 2000, Perceptions of Poverty and Wealth in Western and Post2Communist Countries. Social Justice Research 13. Landry, Pierre &Mingming Shen 2005, Reaching Migrants in Survey Research : The Use of the Global Positioning System to Reduce Coverage Bias in China. Political Analysis 13. Ma, Josephine 2005, Wealth Gap Fueling Instability, Studies Warn. South China Morning Post, December 22. Mason, David &James Kluegel (eds. ) 2000, Marketing Democracy : Changing Opinion about Inequality and Politics in East Central Europe. Lanham, MD : Rowman &Littlefield. O Brien, Kevin & Lianjiang Li 2006, Rightful Resistance in Rural China. University Press. Skinner, G. Cambridge : Cambridge William 2005, The Spatial Logic of Uneven Development in Contemporary China. Unpublished paper. Tanner, Murray Scot 2006, We the People (of China) Wall Street Journal, February 2. Time Asia 2006, Seeds of Fury. March 5. Xinhua News Bulletin 2004, Survey of Chinese Officials Opinions on Reform : Beijing Daily. November 29. : : 120

26 Core and Periphery : A case study of the restructuring of rural AIDS patients social relationships in east part of Hubei province Xu Xiaojun 64 Abstract : Taking the event of AIDS as a touchstone, the author aims to inspect the changes of social relationships between the local peasants and the rural AIDS patients when facing the AIDS. Through the analysis of the rupturing, restoring, creating of the relationships, the author concludes that the rural social relationship system has differentiated into a core2periphery structure. The periphery of the social relationship is highly interest2orientated, meanwhile the counterpart of the core is highly emotion2 orientated. With the structural simplifying process of rural social relationships, the traditional social support network becomes weaker, which aggravates the risks of the rural life. To adapt to the market2oriented society in the future, a new organized social relationship system based on the interest2orientated needs to be built up to replace the traditional social support network. Views of Chinese Citizens on Current Inequalities Martin King Whyte 96 Abstract : Are Chinese citizens angry about current inequality patterns and trends? Many analysts contend that Chinese are increasingly angry about current inequalities, and that disadvantaged groups, and particularly farmers, are the most angry. Results of a 2004 national survey contradict this view. Most Chinese citizens view current inequalities as more fair than unfair, they are more optimistic than citizens in many other nations about the chances for ordinary individuals to improve their living standards, and in general urban residents and the well educated are more critical of current inequalities than farmers and other disadvantaged groups. Objective status characteristics and Gini inequality statistics are poor predictors of Chinese popular attitudes toward current inequalities. From Existence to Recognition : Issues of peasant workers in the view of citizenship Wang Xiaozhang 121 Abstract : The studies of migrant workers in contemporary China have been undergoing a transformation from the narrative pattern of existence2economics in the existence angle to the narrative pattern of status2politics in the view of citizenship. The status2politics narrative pattern has relative superiority to the existence2economics narrative pattern, because it not only contains the care of the latter, but also avoids the defaults of the latter, which degrade the migrant workers and narrow the issues of peasant workers. However, many of the studies of peasant workers under the status2politics narrative pattern have some problems that should be noted. To a large extent, the problems are related with the researchers substantialized comprehending and handling on the 244

: 3 : , , ,, , :, ( Ravallion Chen, 2004 ; Khan Riskin, 2005,Yue et al, 2006),, (,2003 ;,200

: 3 : , , ,, , :, ( Ravallion Chen, 2004 ; Khan Riskin, 2005,Yue et al, 2006),, (,2003 ;,200 : 3 : 1995 2002, 1998 2002 1991 1995, 1991 1995,, 1998 2002, :, 80 013 0145 (Ravallion Chen, 2004 ; Khan Riskin, 2005,Yue et al, 2006),, (,2003 ;,2006),, (Li et al,1998),,,?,, ( Fields, 2005),,, (income