برآورد توانایی تنظیم اسمزی بر اساس پاسخ دانه های گرده به تنش خشکی در ارقام گندم نان ((Triticum aestivum L.

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1 " ﺟﻠﺪ Triticum aestivum L Assessment of osmoregulation capability in bread wheat Triticum aestivum L cultivars using response of projected pollen grains to drought stress 2 ۱۳۸۷ Triticum aestivum L ۱-۱۴: ۱۱۰ %۳۰ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﺗﻬﻴـﻪ ۶۰۰۰ ﭘﻠﻲ ﻴﻠﻦ %۵۰ ﻫ ۳۰ ﺑـﻪ ۵۰ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ۱/۷۳ ﺷـﺪ ﻣﻲ r = ۰/۲۹** : ٨٦/٧/٢٣ : -١-٢ ١

2 ﻟﻌﻤـﻞ ﻛـﻪ ﺟﻠﺪ " Morgan, 99, Morgan, 992 ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ Osmotic ﺗـ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﺸـﺪﻳﺪ adjustment Cushman, 200; Verslues and Bray, 2004 ﻫـﺎ Morgan, 980 Kramer, 969 ﻣــﻲﻳﺎﺑـــﺪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ Blum ; Richards, 996; Whan et al, 993 ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ and Punel, 990 ﺗـــ ـ Hellebust, 976; ﺗﺤﻤﻞ Richards, Turner ﻣــﻲ Hsiao et al, 976 ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ 2004 ﻣﺨﺘﻠـــﻒ ﮔﻨـــ ﺑـــﻴﻦ ﺗـﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻜـﺲ and Jones, 980; Blum et al, 983 ﺑﻪ 2005 ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻣﻲ ﻛـﻪ ۱/۶ Morgan, ﺗﺤﻤﻞ Delperee et al, 2003; Maghsoudi Liu et al, ﻣﻲ 988 Morgan, 992; Morgan and Condon, ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ 986 ﻋﻜــﺲ Moud and Yamagishi, 2005 ﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻨﻈــﻴﻢ Morgan, A ۷ 99 ﻣــﻲ Morgan, 980 ﺗﺸـــﺨﻴﺺ ٢

3 " " ﺷﺪ ١٠ ﺑـﺎ Morgan, ۱ EC = 4 ds/m Morgan, ﭘـﺮ ﺷـﺪ ١:٤ ﻪ 988 Morgan, 999 ﭘﻨﺞ 992 ﭘﺘﺎﺳــﻴﻢ Morgan and Tan, 996 PEG-6000 Morgan, 99 ﺑﺎﺷﺪ DNA Morgan, 999 ﻣــﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨــﺪ ﺑـ ۳۰ ۶۰۰۰ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺗــﻨﺶ -۱۲ ﻣﻴﻠـﻲ ۱۰ Morgan, 999 ﺷـﺪ ۵۰ KCl ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ Morgan, ﻫﺎ MPa -۲ MPa ﻫـﺎ 992; Morgan, 999 ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ ۲۴ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ Morgan, ﺗﺤﻤــﻞ ﺑــﻪ ﺷﺪ 999; Morgan, 99 Morgan, Leigh, ۵۰ ۳۰ ﭘﻠــﻲ 200; Marchner, ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺷــﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ 999 ﺗــﺎ

4 ﺟﻠﺪ " -۱ Table List of breed wheat cultivars used in this study Cultivar Ghods Navid Hirmand Rasoul Alvand Alamoot Mahdavi Zarrin Darab2 Tajan BC Roshan winter Cultivar Atrak Niknejad Kavir Chamran Shiroudi Marvdasht Sardari Omid Azar2 Roshan BC Roshan spring ﻧﻮﻳﺪ ﻫﻴﺮﻣﻨﺪ ٢ ﺗﺠﻦ ٢ Source: ﺗﻬﻴــﻪ ﺷــﺪ ۱۵۰ ۳ ﻗﻢ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺷ : ﻣﺎﺧﺬ Cultivar Khazar Tous Shahryar Shiraz Dez Hamoon Pishtaz Sissons Gascogne Gaspard Falat ۴۰X ﻧﻤــﺎﻳﻲ ﻫــﺎ ﻋﻜﺲﻫﺎﻳﻲ ۱ Scion-Image ۲ ۳ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ۲۰ ۵۰ ۱۰ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ۱۳۸۵ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ۱۰ ۱۷۵۰ ۱۴ ۴ ۵۷ ۲۰ ۱۵۰ ۱ ۳۰ ۵۰ Cf ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻮ ۱۵۰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ٤ ﻣﻲ -١

5 " " 0 0 DEC 5 NOV 5 OCT 0 SEP 0 AUG 5 JULY 5 JUNE 20 MAY 20 APR 25 MAR 25 FEB 30 Monthly mean temprature 0C ºc ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ درﺟﮫ ﺣﺮارت ﻣﺎھﯿﺎﻧﮫ Precipitation ﺑﺎرش 30 JAN Precipitationmm ﺑﺎرشﻣﯿﻠﯿﻤﺘﺮ Mean temprature درﺟﮫ ﺣﺮارت Months Mounthsofofyear year ﻣﺎه ھﺎی ﺳﺎل ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ۵۰ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ -۱ Fig Monthly mean of precipitation mm and temperature 0C of Kerman over the last 50 years or d c۲ PEG 50% Morgan, 999 PEG 30% ﻧﺘﺎ ۲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎ Morgan, Hartog ۵۰ ۳۰ ۲ ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ ۱ SPSS %۳۰ ﺑـﻪ %۵۰ ﻣﺴـﺎﺣﺖ ﻣـﻲ ﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻨﻈﻴ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ 999 Sunco ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑــﻪ PEG b 50% PEG 30% 5 a۲ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺗﺼـﻮﻳﺮ

6 ﺟﻠﺪ " -۲ Table 2 Projected pollen area, grain yield and harvest index of bread wheat cultivars grown under non-stress and drought stress Projected pollen grain area PEG PEG 30% 50% Cultivar Alvand Pishtaz Dez Kavir BC Roshan winter type Roshan Zarrin Omid Azar 2 Atrak Alamot BC Roshan spring type Tajan Chamran Khazar Darab 2 Rasoul Sissons Sardari Shahryar Shiroudi Falat Marvdasht Mahdavi Navid Niknejad Hirmand Tous Ghods Gascogne Hamoon Gaspard Shiraz ﺷﻦ ۲ ﺗﺠﻦ ٢ ﻧﻮﻳﺪ ﻫﻴﺮﻣﻨﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ Pollen grain area ratio Grain yield g/m2 50:30% No-stress Capable for osmoregulation Incapable for osmoregulation ٦ Drought stress Harvest Index ﻲ No-stress Drought stress

" :b ﭘﻠـﻲ %۳۰ :d ﭘﻠﻲ %۳۰ :a " : c 40X 0X -۲ ﭘﻠﻲ

Tous as an incapable cultivar for osmoregulation

cultivar under 30% c and 50% d PEG solutions

and Ghodsi, 2004 ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮ %٥٠ ﺑـﻪ %٣٠ ﻧﻴـﺰ Plaut

7 " :b ﭘﻠـﻲ %۳۰ :d ﭘﻠﻲ %۳۰ :a " : c 40X 0X -۲ ﭘﻠﻲ %۵۰ ﭘﻠﻲ %۵۰ Fig 2 Responses of pollen grain of Tous as an incapable cultivar for osmoregulation under 30% a and 50% b and Zarrin as a capable cultivar under 30% c and 50% d PEG solutions ocular 0X, objective 40X Guinta et al, 993 Zarea and Ghodsi, 2004 ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮ %٥٠ ﺑـﻪ %٣٠ ﻧﻴـﺰ Plaut et al, 2004 ﻠﻪ ﻣـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ ۲ KCl ﺳـﻨﺒﻠﻪ ﺗـﻨﺶ ۳ 7 ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﭘﻠﻲ

8 ﺟﻠﺪ " -۳ Table 3- Analysis of variance for grain yield and its components and harvest index HI in wheat cultivars under non-stress and stress conditions ﻪ ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ SOV df Spike/ m2 Replication R ** Irrigation I ** Ea Cultivar C ** I C * ** Eb * and**: Significant at 5% and %probability levels, respectively ns: Non-significant ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ Grain per spike 24355ns 44567** ** 4503** 4957 ٨ MS 000 grain weight 3666** 7677** ** 344** 759 Grain yield * ** ** 45737** 5686 Biological yield ** ** * ** ۱ ۵ HI 000** 089* ** 0007ns 0008 * ** ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ : ns

9 " " ﺑ ۱۷/۶۲ ۴۰/۳۷ ۶ ﻦ ۱/۷۳ ۴ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ Ludlow et al, 983 Hsiao et al, Morgan, ﻧﺘــــﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺸــــﺎﺑﻬﻲ ﺗﻮﺳــــﻂ ﺷﺪ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﺗﺤﻤـﻞ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ Morgan ﺳـــــﻨﺒﻠﻪ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ۵ and Condon, 986 Pierce and Raschke, 980; ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮ ﻣـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ Morgan, 980 ﺳﻬﻢ ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﺤﻤـﻞ ﻲ ﻲ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﺑـﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ Morgan, ﺗــﻨﺶ 980 Quariie and Jones, 977; Morgan, 980; Pierce 9 and Raschke, 980; Cosgrove, 986

10 ﺟﻠﺪ " ۴ ۳۰ ۵۰ Table 4 Grouping of bread wheat cultivars into capable and incapable for osmoregulation based on the ratio of projected pollen area under 50% to 30 % PEG solutions and their corresponding grain yield ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ Grain yield g/m2 Grouping ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺣ Projected pollen area µm2 ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ PEG 50% PEG 30% Pollen area ratio 50:30% Incapable for Osmoregulation Capable for Osmoregulation ۵ Table 5 Correlation coefficients between projected pollen grains area, grain yield and harvest index in bread wheat cultivars under non-stress and drought stress conditions %۳۰ Projected pollen area ﺷﺎﺧﺺ under 30% PEG Harvest solution Grain yield Index Non- Stress condition 036** Grain Yield Harvest Index Projected pollen area under 30% PEG solution %۳۰ 00ns -004 ns Drought stress condition Grain yield Harvest Index 063** Projected pollen area under 50% 0 29** PEG solution %۵۰ * and**: Significant at 5% and % probability levels, respectively ns : Non-significant 023* ۱ ۵ **ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ * : ns ۶ Table 6 Mean of yield components of capable and incapable bread wheat cultivars for osmoregulation under non-stress and drought stress conditions Environment ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ Spike/ m2 ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ Grain per spike ﻪ 000 grain weight Capable for Osmoregulation Non-stress stress Incapable for Osmoregulation ﺗﻨ Non-stress stress ١٠

11 " " ﺑــﺮ Morgan, 99 ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ or ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ oror ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ OrOr References Anonymous wwwweatherir Blum, A and Y Punel 990 Physiological attributes associated with drought resistance of wheat cultivars in a Mediterranean environment Agric Res 4: Blum, A, J Mayar and G Gozland 983 Association between plant production and some physiological components of drought resistance in wheat Plants Cell Env 6: Cosgrove, D J 986 Biophysical control of plant cell growth Ann Rev Plant Physiol 37: Cushman J C 200 Osmoregulation in plants: Implications for agriculture Amer Zool 4: Delperee, C, J M Kinter and S Lutts 2003 Low irradiance modifies the effect of water on survival and growth related parameter during the early development stages of buck wheat Physiol Plantareum 9: 2220 Guinta, F, R Motzo and M Deidda 993 Effect of drought on yield and yield components of durum wheat and triticale in a Mediterranean environment Field Crops Res 33: Hellebust, J A 976 Osmoregulation Ann Rev Plant Physiol 27: Hsiao, T C, E Acevedo, E Fereres and D W Henderson 976 Stress metabolism Water stress, growth, and osmotic adjustment PhilosopTransactions of the Royal Soci London Series B 273: Kramer, P J 969 Plant and soil water relationship: a modern synthesis McGrawHill, New York Leigh, R A 200 Potassium homeostasis and membrance transport J Plant Nutr and Soil Sci 64: Liu, H P, B J Yu, W H Zhang and Y L Liu 2005 Effect of osmotic stress on the activity of Ht ATPase and the levels of covalently and non-covalenty conjugated polyamines in plasma membrane preparation from wheat seedling roots Plant Sci 68: Ludlow, M M, A C P Chu, R J Clements and R G Kerslanke 983 Adaptation of species of centrosema to water stress Aust J Plant Physiol 0: 9-30 Maghsoudi Moud, A A and T Yamagishi 2005 Application of projected pollen area response to drought stress to determine osmsregulation capability of different wheat Triticum aestivum L cultivars Int J of

12 ﺟﻠﺪ " Agric & Biol 4: Marchner, H 995 Mineral nutrition of higher plants 2nd ed American Press San Diego California, USA Morgan, J M 980 Osmotic adjustment in the spikelets and leaves of wheat Expt Bot 3: Morgan, J M 980 Possible role of abscisic acid in reducing seed set in water stressed wheat plants Nature 285: Morgan, J M 988 The use of coleoptile responses to water stress to differentiate wheat genotypes for osmoregulation, growth and yield Ann Bot 62: Morgan, J M 99 Gene controlling differences in osmoregulation in wheat Aust J Plant Physiol 8: Morgan, J M 992 Osmotic components and properties associated with genotypic differences in osmoregulation in wheat Aust J Plant Physiol 9: Morgan, J M 999 Pollen grain expression of a gene controlling differences in osmoregulation in wheat leaves: a simple breeding method Aust J Agric Res 50: Morgan, J M and A G Condon 986 Water use, grain yield, and osmoregulation in wheat Aust J Plant Physiol 3: Morgan, J M and M K Tan 996 Chromosomal location of a wheat osmoregulation gene using RFLP analysis Aust J Plant Physiol 23: Morgan, J M, B Rodriguez-Maribona and E J Knights 99 Adaptation to water-deficit in chickpea breeding lines by osmsregulation : relationship to grain yields in the field Field Crops Res 27: 6-70 Pierce, M and K Raschke 980 Correlation between loss of turgor and accumulation of abscisic acid in detached leaves Planta 48: Plaut, Z, B J Butow, C S Blumenthal and C W Wrigley 2004 Transport of dry matter into developing wheat kernels and its contribution to grain yeild under post-anthesis water deficit and elevated temperature Field Crops Res 86: Quarrie, S A and H G Jones 977 Effects of abscisic acid and water stress on development and morphology in wheat J Expt Bot 28: Richards, R A 996 Defining selection criteria to improve yield under drought Plant Growth Regulation 20: Richards, R A 2004 Physiological traits used in the breeding of new cultivars for water scarce environments In "New directions for a diverse planet" Proceedings of the 4 th International Crop Sciences Congress 26 Sep to Oct 2004 Brisbane, Australia Published on CD-ROM Web site: wwwcropscuenceorg Turner, N C and M M Jones 980 Turgor maintenance by osmotic adjustment: a review and evaluation, pp In Adaptation of Plants to Water and High Temperature Stress, N C Turner and P J Kramer Eds John Wiley, New York ١٢

13 " " Verslues, P E and E A Bray 2004 LWRI and LWR2 are required for osmoregulation and osmotic adjustment in Arabidopsis American Society of Plant Physiol 36: Whan B R, G P Carlton, K H M Siddique, K L Regan, N C Turner and W K Anderson 993 Integration of breeding and physiology: lessons from a water limited environment In International crop science, I; International crop science congress, Ames, Iowa, USA July 4-22 Pp Zarea- Feizabady, A and M Ghodsi 2004 Evaluation of yield and yield components of facultative and winter bread wheat genotypes Triticum aestivum L under different irrigation regimes in Khorasam province in Iran J of Agron 3:

14 ﺟﻠﺪ " Assessment of osmoregulation capability in bread wheat Triticum aestivum L cultivars using response of projected pollen grains to drought stress Maghsoudi, K and A A Maghsoudi Moud2 ABSTRACT Maghsoudi, K and A A Maghsoudi Moud 2008 Assessment of osmoregulation capability in bread wheat Triticum aestivum L cultivars using response of projected pollen grains to drought stress Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 0 :-4 In this study thirty three wheat cultivars were compared for osmoregulation capability using the ratio of projected pollen grains area under water stress to normal conditions Digital images of pollen grains obtained from plants grown under well watered condition, were analyzed to obtain their projected areas Field experimental arranged in a split-plot cultivars were assigned to sub-plots and drought stress to main plots in order to compare cultivars grain yield under water stressed and well watered conditions Based on the results of pollen area ratio, cultivars were divided into two groups Cultivars, Dez, Kavir, Roshan, Back Cross Roshan winter type, Zarrin, Pishtaz, Omid and Alvand were classified as capable for osmoregulation as they had a ratio of higher than unit, while the others were grouped as incapable since had ratio lower than unit Results of ANOVA showed that drought stress and cultivar had significant effects on grain yield and its components as well as biological yield and harvest index In general, drought stress significantly reduced the grain yield On the other hand, average grain yield of osmoregulation capable group was 73 times greater than that of incapable group Meanwhile, significant correlation coefficient r = 029** was found between projected pollen area and grain yield under drought stress condition, implying that increased grain yield could be attributed to osmoregulation capability Wheat cultivars grouped as capable for osmoregulation are suggested to be used in breeding programs for increasing drought tolerance Key words: Osmoregulation, Pollen grain, Water stress, Bread wheat Received: October MSc Student, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran Corresponding author 2- Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran ١٤

Microsoft Word - A200812-1992.doc

Microsoft Word - A200812-1992.doc 1 长期遮荫对小麦籽粒淀粉理化特性的影响张传辉, 姜东, 戴廷波, 荆奇, 曹卫星南京农业大学, 农业部作物生长调控重点开放实验室, 南京 (2195) E-mail: jiangd@njau.edu.cn 摘要 : 揭示了长期遮荫对小麦籽粒淀粉理化特性的影响选