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1 土壤 (Soils), 2014, 46(5): 缺钾对油菜主序产量性状的影响及施钾效果 * ( ) (+K) ( K) kg/hm 2 111% 50.1% 9.2% 33.6% 21.6% 10.3% 69.6% 41.7% 20.1% 124.4% S % [1] [2] [3] [4 6] % 5.4 kg [7] [8 9] [10 12] [13] [14] [15] Govahi Saffari [16] (30 20 N E) ph g/kg 1.9 g/kg 29.1 g/kg mg/kg 32.3 mg/kg 8.9 mg/kg ( K) (+K) 3 ( ) ( ) (CARS-13) (2013PY113) (IRT1247) (Hubei 35) * (lunm@mail.hzau.edu.cn) (1989 ) @webmail.hzau.edu.cn

4 kg [7] [8 9] [10 12] [13] [14] [15] Govahi Saffari [16] 1 1.1 2011 9 2012 5 (30 20 N 115 46 E) ph 4.96 36.1 g/kg 1.9 g/kg 29.

2 m 2 N 180 kg/hm 2 P 2 O 5 90 kg/hm 2 B 1.65 kg/hm 2 K 2 O 120 kg/hm 2 ( N 460 g/kg) ( P 2 O g/kg) ( K 2 O 600 g/kg) ( B 110 g/kg) 3 60% 20% 20% /hm ~ 20 cm [17] ph ph NaOH 1 mol/l 1 mol/l NH 4 OAc 0.5 mol/l NaHCO % 50% 25% 3 ( ) H 2 SO 4 -H 2 O 2 [17] 1/4 1/2 1/4 Excel 2003 SPSS 17.0 LSD kg/hm % 111% 50.1% 9.2% 1 (cm) 表 1 施钾对油菜生物量及产量构成因素的影响 Table 1 Effects of potassium fertilizer on biomass and component of yield (kg/hm 2 ) (kg/hm 2 ) (kg/hm 2 ) (g) K K F-test ns ** ** ** ** * ns F * ** P<0.05 P<0.01 ns A 33.6% (P<0.05) (P<0.01) 26.1% 69.6% ( 1B)

0 LSD 2 2.1 1 4 496 1 321 kg/hm 2 97.5% 111% 50.1% 9.

3 5 877 ( P<0.05 * ** ns P<0.05 P<0.01 ) 图 1 油菜主序不同部位籽粒重 (A) 角果数 (B) 每角粒数 (C) 和千粒重 (D) Fig. 1 Seed weights (A), pods (B), seed per pods (C) and 1000-seed weights (D) in different locations of terminal raceme ( 1C) 21.6% 10.3% 15.4% 41.7% 20.1% ( 1D) ( 2) 表 2 钾肥与主序部位对主序产量性状交互作用影响的方差分析 Table 2 Variance analysis of interactive effects between potassium and location on yield characters of terminal raceme ** ** ** ns ** ** ** ** ns ns ns ns % 124.4% ( 3) ( ) kg/hm 2 111% [9] [9,18] [13,15,19]

4 表 3 油菜主序不同部位钾含量及钾积累量 Table 3 potassium concentrations and potassium contents in different locations of terminal raceme (g/kg) (mg/ ) K 20.2 ± 0.6 a 6.5 ± 0.2 a 35.4 ± 8.1 a 7.2 ± 1.9 ab 42.7 ± 10.0 a 18.1 ± 0.7 b 6.4 ± 0.2 a 36.7 ± 2.4 a 9.7 ± 1.1 a 46.5 ± 3.4 a 17.0 ± 1.4 b 6.6 ± 0.3 a 21.4 ± 6.4 b 6.3 ± 1.8 b 27.7 ± 8.2 b 18.5 ± 0.3 b 6.1 ± 0.1 a 32.6 ± 4.4 a 7.8 ± 1.4 ab 40.3 ± 5.8 ab +K 30.0 ± 2.8 a 8.5 ± 0.3 a 63.7 ± 1.0 b 11.8 ± 1.7 b 75.5 ± 0.7 b 27.5 ± 2.4 ab 8.2 ± 0.4 ab 70.1 ± 5.2 a 15.7 ± 1.1 a 85.8 ± 5.9 a 25.3 ± 0.2 b 7.7 ± 0.3 b 49.8 ± 1.7 c 12.3 ± 1.0 b 62.1 ± 2.5 c 27.6 ± 1.8 ab 8.1 ± 0.3 ab 63.4 ± 3.1 b 13.9 ± 1.2 ab 77.3 ± 3.6 b ** ** ** ** ** ** ns ** ** ** ns ns ns ns ns P<0.05 [20 21] [22] [5,22] [23 24] [25 26] 40% ~ 70% 20% ~ 40% 10% ~ 20% [5] 69.6% 41.7% 20.1% [27] [28] [29] [30] 25% 50% 25% 3 4 (1) kg/hm 2 111% (2) [1]. [J]., 2010, 32(2): [2],,,. [J]., 2010, 42(3): [3]. [J]., 2011 (2):

4 ab 40.3 ± 5.8 ab +K 30.0 ± 2.8 a 8.5 ± 0.3 a 63.7 ± 1.0 b 11.8 ± 1.7 b 75.5 ± 0.7 b 27.5 ± 2.4 ab 8.2 ± 0.4 ab 70.1 ± 5.2 a 15.7 ± 1.1 a 85.8 ± 5.9 a 25.3 ± 0.2 b 7.7 ± 0.3 b 49.8 ± 1.7 c 12.3 ± 1.

5 5 879 [4]. [J]., 2007, 23(6): [5] Chauhan YS, Bhargava SC. Comparison of pods of the terminal raceme of rapeseed (Brassica campestris var. Yellow Sarson) and mustard (Brassica juncea) cultivars[j]. Seed, 1986, 3(6): 2 8 [6]. [J]., 2008, 25(9): 62 [7],,,,,. [J]., 2013, 46(9): [8],,,,. [J]., 2008, 14(5): [9],,,. [J]., 2009, 35(1): [10] Forster H. Influence of N and K fertilizers on the quality and yield of oil from old and new varieties of rapeseed[j]. Fertilizer Use and Production of, 1977: 305 [11] Brennan RF, Bolland MDA. Influence of potassium and nitrogen fertilizer on yield, oil and protein concentration of canola (Brassica napus L.) grain harvested in southwestern Australia[J]. Animal Production Science, 2007, 47(8): [12] Khan HZ, Malik MA, Saleem MF, Aziz I. Effect of different potassium fertilization levels on growth, seed yield and oil contents of canola (Brassica napus L.)[J]. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 2004, 6(3): [13],,,,. [J]., 2001, (4): [14],,,. [J]., 1990, (4): [15],,,,,. [J]., 1998, 19(2): [16] Govahi M, Saffari M. Effect of potassium and sulphur fertilizers on yield, yield components and seed quality of spring canola (Brassica napus L.) seed[j]. Journal of Agronomy, 2006, [17]. [M]. 3. :, 2000: , 270 [18],,,,,,. [J]., 2003, 25(4): [19],,,,. [J]., 2001, (4): [20],. [J]., 2001, 17(3): 4 7, 35 [21],,,,. [J]., 1996, 22(3): [22],. [J]., 1987, 3(3): [23],,,,,. 4 [J]., 2008, 27(2): [24],,,,,. [J]., 2011, 44(23): [25],,,,,,. [J]., 2009, 15(5): [26] Brennan RF, Bolland MDA. Soil and tissue tests to predict the potassium requirements of canola in south-western Australia[J]. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 2006, 46: [27]. [J]., 1965, 4(4): [28],,. [J]., 1984, 3(1): [29],,,. [J]., 2006, 10(3): [30],,,. - [J]., 2004, 8(3): 25 27

Influence of N and K fertilizers on the quality and yield of oil from old and new varieties of rapeseed[j]. Fertilizer Use and Production of, 1977: 305 [11] Brennan RF, Bolland MDA.

6 Effects of Potassium Deficiency on Yield Characters in Terminal Raceme of Oilseed Rape and Potassium Fertilizer Application Effect LIU Xiu-xiu, LU Jian-wei *, WANG Yin, ZHANG Yang-yang, WANG Yang, REN Tao, LI Xiao-kun, CONG Ri-huan (College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan , China) Abstract: A field experiment with two potassium fertilizer treatments ( K and +K) was conducted to study the effects of potassium fertilizer application on oilseed rape yield under condition of potassium deficiency with focus on the different effects of potassium fertilizer application on different location of terminal raceme. The results showed that oilseed rape yield increased significantly when potassium fertilizer was applied to potassium deficiency soil, the increment was kg/hm 2 with the increase rate was 111%, pods per plant and seeds per pod increased significantly by 50.1% and 9.2% in the meantime, respectively. The potassium fertilizer improved seed weight of terminal raceme, pods per terminal raceme and seeds per pod increased by 33.6%, 21.6% and 10.3%, respectively. The enhancement of seed weight, pods and seeds per pod were different in different locations of terminal raceme, the effects of potassium fertilizer on the upper of terminal raceme was much better than the middle and lower position. Compared to the no potassium treatment, the seed weight, pods and seeds per pod in the upper of terminal raceme increased by 69.6%, 41.7% and 20.1%, respectively, and the potassium content increased by 124.4% correspondingly. All the results proved that potassium fertilizer application improved oilseed rape yield by enhancing pods and seeds per pod, and the effects of potassium fertilizer performed best in the upper of the infructescence if viewed from the yield characters of the infructescence. Key words: Oilseed rape, Terminal raceme, Potassium, Yield characters

River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China) Abstract: A field experiment with two potassium fertilizer treatments ( K and +K) was conducted to study the effects of potassium fertilizer

5月15期

5月15期中国农学通报 2012,28(15):106-111 Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 旱地小麦休闲期不同耕作措施对土壤水分蓄纳利用与产量形成的影响贺立恒, 高志强, 孙敏, 李青 ( 山西农业大学农学院, 山西太谷 030801) 摘要 : 为了提