40 conservation category were dominantly focused in Taipei and Pingtung due to the fundamental reasons, programming convenience and information source

Transcription

1 39-60 (2006) JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCE (43) : (2006) 39 Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Environmental Issues at the Our Island Program in the Public Television Service * ** Jing-Ping Wang Shyue-Cherng Liaw Abstract The content analysis method was applied to understand the temporal and spatial characteristics of environmental issues in this program during the period from 1999 to The program of Our Island in the Public Television Service was selected as a case study in this research. Results showed that these environmental issues in this program could be classified into four categories, including pollution, conservation, natural hazard and others. The conservation category was the most popular, followed by the pollution and natural hazard categories. On the basis of the temporal sequence, the proportion of conservation category was stable annually; however, the proportions of pollution and natural hazard categories varied dramatically in different years. Considering the reported location, this program paid more attention in northern Taiwan, especially in Taipei. Moreover, reports of pollution category were obviously concentrated in Taipei and Kaohsiung, because the public health problems and pollution events often occurred in both metropolitan areas. In addition, reports of the * Master, Department of Geography, National Taiwan Normal University. ** ( liaw@cc.ntnu.edu.tw) Associate Professor, Department of Geography, National Taiwan Normal University, Corresponding Author.

2 40 conservation category were dominantly focused in Taipei and Pingtung due to the fundamental reasons, programming convenience and information sources. Finally, reports of the natural hazard category were mainly located in Nantou and Taipei, where an earthquake and typhoons had caused serious damages. Keywords: content analysis method, environmental issues, temporal and spatial characteristics (McComas et al., 2001) 1964 McLuhan ( Osen, 1997) (Shindler et al., 1996) Wakefield and Elliott (2003) (Kwamena,

3 ) (1998) Brosius and Kepplinger (1990) (agenda-setting) ( 2003) McManus (2000) 1950 Bendix and Liebler (1999) McManus (2000) Wakefield and Elliott (2003) (Bengston et al., 1999) (Wimmer and Dominick, 1997) Bos and Tarnai (1999) (2003) (Ahuvia, 2001) Bengston et al. (1999) Dasgupta et al. (2000) McComas et al. (2001) (1999) (2002) (1984) (1992) (1998) (2000) (2003)

4 42 (Hansen, 1993; McManus, 2000; McComas et al., 2001) (1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (3) (Ahuvia, 2001) Bos and Tarnai (1999) (empirical content analysis) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 1 ( ) Bos and Tarnai (1999) ( )

5 43 圖 1 內容分析法流程 (Bos and Tarnai, 1999) (Bengston et al., 1999) (McComas et al., 2001; Sumpradit et al., 2004) (category) (Sheppard and Bawden, 1997) (1998) (sub-category) (Ferguson et al., 2003; Sheppard and Bawden, 1997) 6

6 ( ) ( ) 5 ( ) 3 ( ) ( ) 表 1 各年度分析的影集數 單元數及總時數統計 ( ) (coder) (pretest) 10% (observation agreement, OA) Kappa K Scott s π 85% Kappa K 0.60 Scott s π 0.70 (p=0.05) (McComas et al., 2001; Ferguson et al., 2003; Greer, 2004; Wallace and Leenders, 2004) Ahuvia (2001) (interpretive content analysis) ( ) Babbie (1998) (supervisor)

7 ( ) (2003) McComas et al. (2001) 0 3 (0= 1= 2= 3= ) Bos and Tarnai (1999) 1 ( ) ( ) ( %) ( %) (99 9.7%) (73 7.1%) (1984) (33.8%) (20.8%) (17.8%) (13.3%) (1992)

8 46 表 2 我們的島 環境議題次數統計 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

9 47 (90.2%) (9.2%) (6.1%) (1998) (2003) 2002 (25.2%) (17.0%) (16.1%) (13.4%) (1984) (1992) (1998) (2003) (2004) (2003) ( 2004) ( 2004) 1998 ( ) ( 3 2) Dasgupta et al. (2000) 1992

10 48 表 3 我們的島 環境議題歷年統計 (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) % 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 圖 2 我們的島 環境議題歷年變化趨勢圖 % 2001 ( 2001)

11 % % % ( ) 1. ( %) ( %) ( %) ( %) (13 6.0%) (2 0.9%) ( 2) McComas et al. (2001) (15%) (11%) (7%) ( 2004) (175, %) (130, %) (109, %) (56, %) (34, %) (2, %) Edmonds (1996)

12 ( %) ( %) ( %) (62 9.8%) (59 9.3%) (50 7.9%) (48 7.6%) (43 6.8%) (30 4.7%) (28 4.4%) ( 2) (2000)

13 51 Bengston et al. (1999) (2001) 3. ( %) ( %) ( %) ( %) (6 6.1%) ( 2) ( 2004) 73.3% ( 2003) McManus (2000)

14 ( %) ( %) (72 7.1%) 表 4 我們的島 年度前三名環境議題次數統計 (13) (5) (5) 2000 (13) (11) (10) 2001 (26) (20) (17) 2002 (47) (30) (20) 2003 (47) (30) (23) 2004 (45) (14) (13) (173) (107) (72) ( ) 5 5 ( %) ( %) ( %) ( % (60 7.3%) ( 6 3) 1999 (39.7%) 2000 (63.2%) %

15 53 表 5 我們的島 報導地點次數統計 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( %) ( %) (62 7.6%) ( 7)

16 54 (65.5%) ( ) ( 1998) 表 6 我們的島 報導地點歷年統計 (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) % 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 圖 3 我們的島 報導地點歷年變化趨勢圖

17 55 表 7 我們的島 年度前三名報導地點次數統計 (11) (10) (9) 2000 (21) (19) (6) 2001 (41) (20) (20) 2002 (30) (17) (14) 2003 (39) (18) (16) 2004 (25) (12) (11) (150) (86) (62) 1. ( %) (11 8.2%) (9 6.7%) ( 8) ( 2004) , % 12, % (7 ) ( 2004) (economic scale) (environmental scale) ( 1999) 表 8 我們的島 環境議題與報導地點年度前三名統計 1999 (2) (2) (1) (8) (7) (6) (3) (3) (2) 2000 (1) (1) (10) (9) (5) (7) (6) (2) 2001 (14) (4) (3) (19) (15) (9) (9) (8) (3) 2002 (11) (7) (5) (17) (9) (8) (4) (2) (1) 2003 (8) (4) (3) (22) (12) (8) (2) (2) 2004 (4) (2) (20) (9) (6) (6) (5) (2) (33) (11) (9) (89) (46) (33) (28) (16) (15)

18 56 2. ( %) (46 9.6%) (33 6.9%) 2001) 3. ( %) 921 ( %) ( %) 2001 (2004) ( %) ( %) (62 7.6%) ( 7) %

19 % ( ) 1. (62.1%) (21.1%) (9.7%) ( 60%) (49.8%) (21.4%) (27.4%) (11.2%) (29.3%) (27.3%) 4. (28.2%) (27.6%) (18.5%) (10.6%) 5. (24.6%)

20 58 (8.2%) (18.5%) (9.6%) (26.7%) (15.2%) ( ) ( ) (1999)

21 59 (2001) 35: (2004) 37: (2000) 33 (2): (2003) 10: 1-29 (2003) 1-14 (2004) 41: (2003) (2003) 1: 1-29 (1998) ( ) 29: 1-31 (2002) 1: (2004) (1984) ( ) (1992) (2004) (1999) 6: (2004) (2001) 31: 15 Babbie, E. (1998) The Practice of Social Research. 8 th ed (1998) Ahuvia, A. (2001) Traditional, interpretive, and reception based content analyses: improving the ability of content analysis to address issues of pragmatic and theoretical concern, Social Indicators Research, 54: Bendix, J. and. Liebler, C. M (1999) Place, distance, and environmental news: geographic variation in newspaper coverage of the spotted owl conflict, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 89 (4): Bengston, D. N., Fan, D. P. and Celarier, D. N. (1999) A new approach to monitoring the social environment for natural resource management and policy: the case of US national forest benefits and values, Journal of Environmental Management, 56: Bos, W. and Tarnai, C. (1999) Content analysis in empirical social research, International Journal of Educational Research, 31:

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