Russel Hoban Haffenden Ken Hale 1992 Zuckermann Bar Kokhba Revolt

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1 Ghil ad Zuckermann 徐佳本文旨在推动一门新的语言学学科和范式复兴语言学 ( Revival Linguistics) 的建立由 Zuckermann 命名的复兴语言学建立在接触语言学之上, 系统地研究在全世界范围内各种不同社会背景下产生的语言复兴行动的当地特点及普遍机制, 并从某种语言复兴的实例中汲取可供比较借鉴的经验, 以此为世界各地的语言复兴运动架设一座认识论的桥梁希伯来语复兴的成功经验和仍处于起步阶段的澳大利亚土著语言复兴的实践表明, 语言复兴存在着语言学上的制约条件一旦掌握了这些语言学上的制约条件, 便能对全世界范围内尤其对将来中国的濒危语言和方言复兴提供借鉴和帮助复兴语言学 ; 语言复兴 ; 土著语言 ; 制约条件 Krauss % 120 Revival Linguistics 100

2 Russel Hoban Haffenden Ken Hale 1992 Zuckermann Bar Kokhba Revolt

3 Judah hanasi 500 Gemara Babylonian Talmud 1750 clinically dead lingua franca 19 Yiddish Horvath & Wexler 1997 Zuckermann mosaic % National Indigenous Languages Survey Report % Amery & Gale Kaurna Thieberger

4 Liddicoat 2008 McKay Truscott & Malcolm 2010 http / / www. anu. edu. au /linguistics /nash / aust /policy. html Gunstone Dorian Tiwi Wong 1999 Hinton & Ahlers 1999 Harlow 1993 Kaurna ga na 1 er yerlo yerta ur purle purlaitye Kaurna r slur sir er Amery Amery & Rigney AFL Kuinyunda Meyunna St Kilda Saints cricket yertabiritti cricket 103

5 Amery Kaurna Pitjantjatjara Yolngu Matha 3 / Kaurna Kaurna + + Amery & Rigney Kaurna Amery & Rigney Kaurna Amery 2001a Amery 2001b Amery et al Kaurna Crystal 当然, 复兴后的语言和原始语言并不相同最明显的是, 复兴语缺少它原先拥有的功能广度, 大量的原有词汇丢失但是, 由于它继续在当今使用, 它会发展新功能和新词汇, 像任何活着的语言那样, 只要人们把它视为表明他们身份的一个真正标记并准备继续使用它, 我们就没有理由不把它看作是一个有效的交际系统 Zuckermann Clamor Wilhelm Schürmann 1844 Barngarla Parnkalla Eyre Peninsula nunyara recovery nanyara NOONyara nunyara Documentary Linguistics NOONyara Revival Linguistics Zuckermann Contact Linguistics Historical Linguistics Family Tree model 104

6 Kaurna Gumbaynggirr Ngarrindjeri Walmajarri Kamilaroi /Gamilaraay Amery R Warrabarna Kaurna Reclaiming an Australian Language. Swets and Zeitlinger Lisse The Netherlands. Amery R. 2001a Language planning and language revival. Current Issues in Language Planning Amery R. 2001b Regenerating a Kaurna literature. Paper presented at the AULLA Conference Uni of Adelaide February Amery R. ed Warra Kaurna A Resource for Kaurna Language Programs. 3rd edition revised and expanded. Kaurna Warra Pintyandi University of South Australia. Reprinted September 2005 Image and Copy Centre The University of Adelaide. Amery R. & Gale Mary-Anne 2007 But our language was just asleep a history of language revival in Australia. In William B. McGregor ed. Encountering Aboriginal Languages Studies in the History of Australian Linguistics. Canberra Pacific Linguistics. Amery R. & Rigney L. I Authenticity in language revival. Paper presented at the Applied Linguistics Association of Australia ALAA annual conference held at the University of South Australia 17th July Amery R. et al Kaurna Palti Wonga Kaurna Funeral Protocols. Kaurna Warra Pintyandi Adelaide. Crystal D Language Death. UK Cambridge University Press. Dorian Nancy C Purism vs. compromise in language revitalization and language revival. Language in Society Gunstone A Australian University approaches to indigenous policy. Australian Journal of Indigenous Education Haffenden J Novelists in Interview. London -New York Methuen. Hale K Language endangerment and the human value of linguistic diversity. Language Harlow R Lexical expansion in Maori. Journal of the Polynesian Society Hinton L. & Jocelyn A The Issue of Authenticity in California language restoration. Anthropology and Education Quarterly Horvath J. & Paul W. eds 1997 Relexification in Creole and Non-Creole Languages With Special Attention to Haitian Creole Modern Hebrew Romani and Rumanian Mediterranean Language and Culture Monograph Series vol. xiii. Wiesbaden Otto Harrassowitz. Krauss M The World s languages in crisis. Language Liddicoat A. J Models of national government language-in-education policy for indigenous minority language groups. In Timothy J. Curnow ed. Selected Papers from the 2007 Conference of the Australian Linguistic Socie- 105

7 ty. Adelaide. McKay G Language maintenance shift and planning. In Gerhard Leitner & Ian Malcolm eds The Habitat of Australia s Aboriginal Languages Past Present and Future. Berlin Mouton de Gruyter. McKay G English and indigenous languages in the Australian language policy environment. In Honglin Chen and Ken Cruickshank eds Making a Difference Challenges for Applied Linguistics. Newcastle upon Tyne Cambridge Scholars Press. Thieberger N Extinction in whose terms Which parts of a language constitute a target for language maintenance programmes In David Bradley & Maya Bradley eds Language Endangerment and Language Maintenance. London Routledge Curzon. Truscott A. & Malcolm I Closing the policy-practice gap making indigenous language policy more than empty rhetoric. In John Hobson Kevin Lowe Susan Poetsch & Michael Walsh eds Re-awakening Languages Theory and Practice in the Revitalisation of Australia s Indigenous Languages. Sydney Sydney University Press. Wong L Authenticity and the revitalization of Hawaiian. Anthropology and Education Quarterly Zuckermann Ghil ad 2005 Abba why was Professor Higgins trying to teach Eliza to speak like our cleaning lady Mizrahim Ashkenazim prescriptivism and the real sounds of the Israeli language. Australian Journal of Jewish Studies Zuckermann Ghil ad Zuckermann Ghil ad 2009 Hybridity versus revivability multiple causation forms and patterns. Journal of Language Contact Varia Towards a New Branch of Linguistics Revival Linguistics Abstract This paper means to promote the establishment of Revival Linguistics named by Zuckermann a new linguistic discipline and paradigm modeled upon Contact Linguistics which studies comparatively and systematically the universal constraints global mechanisms and local idiosyncrasies of a certain language in terms of the revival attempts across different sociological backgrounds. It draws a comparative view from one revival attempt to another thus acting as an epistemological bridge between parallel discourses in various local attempts to revive sleeping tongues all over the world. And the successful revival of Hebrew and the aboriginal languages in Australia demonstrate that there are linguistic constraints applicable to all revival attempts. Mastering them would be useful to save endangered languages and dialects in the world and thus have a special meaning for the revival of the endangered dialects in China. Key words Revival Linguistics language revival aboriginal languages linguistic constraints Ghil ad Zuckermann /

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