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肥院黄
7 years ago
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2 No Child Left Behind

3 parental choice 1995 Adam Smith Universal Declaration of Human Right (Liu, 2000)

4 1950 Milton Friedman (educational vouchers) (Friedman, 1962) alternative school magnet school charter school home schooling Rogers Maslow Combs student-centered teaching (Learning Alternatives Resource Network) (Nathan, 1996) 2. 22

5 (Chapman, Boyd, Lander & Reynolds, 1996 Chubb & Moe, 1990) 1998 Paris, (Richmond, 1999) private management of public school school-based management, SBM 1991 (Minneapolis) (Miasmic Beach) teacher-initiated school

6 1999 (Illich) De-schooling Society schooling is not education (compulsive choice) (intra-district choice) (inter-district choice) (education-voucher choice) Nelson, Carlson & Palonsky, local school boards

7 open enrollment plan Friedman Magnet School 1965 (Title of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965) (Magnet School Program) (America 2000: An Education Strategy) Minnesota charter School Law California ( 1998)

8 the Plowdon Report open enrollment 1999 the Department for Education and Employment, DfEE Local Education Authorities, LEAs LEAs Governing Body LEAs publicly maintained schools county schools voluntary school special schools

9 3 2. grant-maintained schools, GMs independent schools public schools preparatory 1980 Education Act Conservative Party manifesto Assisted places Scheme, APS Lawton, Lawton, Lawton,

10 1988 (Education Reform Act) Grant-maintained schools, GMs ( 1999) 1992 (Choice and Diversity) Excellence in School

11 1996 Chubb & Moe(1990) Politics, Markets and America s schools Simon comprehensive rationality

12 procedural equity distribution equity 1998 horizontal equity vertical equity

13 1998 : strong human justice weak human justice meritocratism utilitarianism Smith & Meier 1995 panacea Pandora s Box 31

14 Gorard, 1999 Evans & Lunt(1994) Rason unprofitable commodities 1995 Evans & Lunt,

15 Elmore & Fuller(1996) Elmore & Fuller (1996) 1998 Archbald, Bastian, 1990 equality equity Simon bounded rationality (satisfying decision) (maximizing decision) 33

16 Gorard

17 35

18 (Illich) ( )

19 ( ) ( )

20 Archbald, D. A. (2000). School choice and school stratification : Shortcomings of the stratification critique and recommendations for theory and research. Education policy,14(2), Bastian, A. (1990). School choice: Unwrapping the package. In W. L. Boyd & H. J. Walberg (Eds.), Choice in education (pp ). Berkeley, CA: McCutchan Publishing Corporation. Chapman, J. D., Boyd, W. L., Lander, R., & Reynolds, D. (1996). The reconstruction of education Quality, equality, and control. New York: Cassell. Chubb, J. E., & Moe, T. M. (1990). Politics, markets, and America s schools. Washington, D.C.: The Brooking Institution. Elmore, R. F., & Fuller, B.(1996). Empirical research on educational choice: What are the implications for police-makers? In B. Fuller, R. F. Elmore, & G. Orfield (Eds.), Who chooses? Who loses? Culture, institutions and the unequal effects of school choice(pp ). New York: Teachers College Press. Evans, J., & Lunt, I. (1994). Markets, competition and vulnerability: Some effects of recent legislation on children with special education needs. (ERIC Document Reproduction Services No. ED ) Friedman, M. (1962).Capitalism and freedom. Chicago: University of Chicago. Gorard, S. (1999). Well. That about wraps it up for school choice research: A stet of the art review. School Leadership Management, 19(1), Lawton, D. ( 1992 ). Education and politics in the 1990s : Conflict or consensus? London : Falmer press. Liu, S. M. (2000). A study of new directions in Taiwan education policy. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, New York University. Nathan, J. (1996). Early Lessons of the Charter School Movement Educational Leadership. 54(2). Retrieved December 15, 2002 from the World Wide Web: Ascd.org/pubs/el/oct96/Nathan.html 38

21 Nelson, J. L., Carlson, K., & Palonsky, S. B. (1994). Critical issue in education : A dialectic approach (3rd Eds.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Paris, D. C. (1995). Ideology and educational reform Themes and theories in public education. San Francisco: Westview Press. Richmond, N. G. (1999). Parental choice in selection of a charter school in New Jersey. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Columbia University. Smith. K. B., & Meier, K. J School Choice Panacea or Pandora s box? Phi Delta Kappan, 77 (4),

22 Parental Choice: A Two-Edged Sword Dividing Educational Equality and Quality Shih-Min Liu Assistant Teacher Department of Education National Kaohsiung Normal University Yu-Wei Wu Practice Teacher Tung-Fang Institute of Technology Abstract Parental choice is a kind of natural right. The movements of educational reforms in Taiwan have recently emphasized on the notion of parental choice. Hence, the purposes of this study were to analyze the related policies, laws and codes regarding the concept of parental choice. Discussing the developments of the tacit assumptions and issues concerning this concept by historical analyses was addressed. Qualitative research strategies, including secondary resource analyses and historical analyses, were used to generate and analyze data. Taiwan s experiences with the notion of parental choice were compared to those of the United Kingdom, and the United States to help generate a sense of the meaning and relevance of Taiwan s initiatives. Pro and con opinions regarding this notion were also represented and discussed. Comparison with the experiences of policy makers in the above countries was hopefully to offer a reference point by which we provided some strategies and inspirations for solving the potential problems in Taiwan. Key words: Alternative School, Charter School, Parental Choice, School Choice 40

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