27 Justice and Development Party Al-Nour Party 47.2% 24.7% % 23.9% National Forces Alliance Justice and Construction P

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1 Nov Arab World Studies No Ennahda Movement 41.47%

2 27 Justice and Development Party Al-Nour Party 47.2% 24.7% % 23.9% National Forces Alliance Justice and Construction Party 48.8% 21.3% %

9%2012 7 17 National Forces Alliance Justice and

3 Salafi Da'wah Reform Front Authenticity PartyReform and Renaissance PartyBuilding and Development Party Virtue PartyReform Party 2012 Ansar al-sharia 108

4 18 muwahhidun As-Salaf As-Saalih []

5 20 populist puritans Quintan Wiktorowicz, Anatomy of the Salafi Movement, Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, Vol. 29, 2006, p.235. [] Robin Wright, Don't Fear All Islamists, Fear Salafis, The New York Times, August 19, 2012, 20 Scientific Salafism 1979 Roel Meijer, Global Salafism: Islam's New Religious Movement, New York: Columbia University Press, 2009, p

[] - 2007 19-20 Robin Wright, Don't Fear All Islamists, Fear Salafis, The New York Times, August 19, 2012,

6 [] Christian Caryl, The Salafi Moment, Foreign Policy, September 12, 2012, ignpolicy. com/articles/2012/09/12/the_salafi_moment []

7 Will McCants, A New Salafi Politics, Foreign Policy, October 12, 2012, gnpolicy.com/posts/2012/10/12/a_new_salafi_politics. 112

12, 2012, http://mideast.forei gnpolicy.

8 % Kamran Bokhari, Salafism and Arab Democratization, Stratfor, October 2, 2012, stratfor.com/weekly/salafism-and-arab-democratization. Roel Meijer, Global Salafism: Islam's New Religious Movement, New York: Columbia University Press, 2009, p.16. [] [] Jonathan Brown, Salafis and Sufis in Egypt, The Carnegie Papers, Washington: Carnegie 113

Roel Meijer, Global Salafism: Islam's New Religious Movement, New York: Columbia University Press, 2009, p.16.

9 act non-politically Salafist in ideology Endowment for International Peace, December 2011, p. 8. Stephane Lacroix, Sheikhs and Politicians: Inside the New Egyptian Salafism, Policy Briefing, Washington: Brookings Institute, June 2012, p Mark Durie, Salafis and the Muslim Brotherhood: What is the difference?, Middle East Forum, June 6, Roel Meijer, Global Salafism: Islam's New Religious Movement, New York: Columbia University Press, 2009, p.17. Political Islam: Everywhere on the rise, The Economist, Vol. 401, Dec 10, 2011, p

alnourparty.com. Mark Durie, Salafis and the Muslim Brotherhood: What is the difference?, Middle East Forum, June 6, 2013. http://www.meforum.

11 Don t Fear All Islamists, Fear Salafis Salafi Crescent Robin Wright, Don't Fear All Islamists, Fear Salafis, The New York Times, August 19, 2012, 116

New York Times, August 19, 2012, http://www.nytimes.

12 2011 Innocence of Muslims Sam Bacile YouTube 9 YouTube

13 New Developments of Salafism in the Middle East Upheaval BAO Chengzhang (Ph.D, Assistant Researcher, the Middle East Studies Institute, Shanghai International Studies University; Postdoctoral Fellow, Postdoctoral Research Station, Shanghai International Studies University) Abstract Since the outbreak of the Middle East upheaval, Salafi forces, widely distributed in Arab world, has risen rapidly and revealed internal divisions. In addition to traditional Salafism, political Salafism, represented by Al-Nour Party, continues to increase its political influence in the regional countries, with an evident tendency of Party politics. The religious extremism, represented by Jihadi Salafism has seen an upward trend, and shown apparent internal differentiation, the faction engaged in violence and the faction advocating nonviolence coexist simultaneously inside Jihadi Salafis. The rise of Salafism is increasingly aggravating the sectarian conflicts inside the Islamic world of the Middle East, further expanding the opposition between the Islamic world and the West, and also intensifying the competition of the Gulf Arab states, led by Saudi Arabia, for political discourse and control of regional affairs in the Middle East. Key Words Middle East Upheaval; Salafism; Jihadi Salafism; Political Salafism 118

Abstract Since the outbreak of the Middle East upheaval, Salafi forces, widely distributed in Arab world, has risen rapidly and revealed internal divisions.

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专题研究当代中东伊斯兰教教派冲突 : 神学还是政治? 王宇洁内容提要在人类发展的漫长历史中 ꎬ 与特定宗教内部的分歧相关的暴力冲突一直没有停止过 ꎮ 威斯特伐利亚国际体系的建立以主权至上取代神权至上 ꎬ 曾使得欧洲的宗教