292 Father Image How College Students Perceive Their Fathers? Jane Chiu* Abstract How children perceive their fathers? Has traditional father image ev

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2 292 Father Image How College Students Perceive Their Fathers? Jane Chiu* Abstract How children perceive their fathers? Has traditional father image ever changed over these years amid societal transitions? How college students perceive their own fathers? This study is an attempt to explore college students perspective of their fathers via focus-group discussions and individual interviews. The results showed that father image had been changed from rigid and conventional to resilient and caring one over chronological years. The ideal father is androgyny. The father-child relationship became more satisfactory and intimate if any action was initiated by either party. The positive impact also manifested in the whole family relations. The relationships between father-son and father-daughter were a little different probably due to same-sex intimacy taboo. The dilemma to be solved was to balance the intimacy need and male-stereotype maintenance of the father. Key words: Father image, College students, Father role *Jane ChiuAssistant professor, Dept of Educational Psychology & Counseling, National Ping-tung Teachers College.

3 293 E (perception) () () () () () (Gerson, 1997) ( 2000pp ) ( 2000)Coleman Coleman (1988) ( ) ( ) ( ) (

4 294 ) ( ) 1998) ( 2000) (Coleman & Coleman, 1988; 1998) Erikson(1997) (generativity) Snarey (1993, pp.20-22) (biological generativity ) (social generativity ) (parental generativity ) () ( ) (Mackey & White, 1992) (Levant, 1980) (Hawkins & Roberts, 1992; Rusell, 1986; 2002) Parsons Bales (1955, cited in Levant, 1980) Levant (1980)

5 295 (Carpenter, 2002; Heath, 1978, cited in Snarey, 1993) (Spruijt & Duindam, 2002; Vaillant, 1977) (Land, 1986, cited in Tripp-Reimer & Wilson, 1991) ( 86) ( 1997) (Pollack, 1998) ( 2000) 1990 (Brandth & Kvande, 2002) (Henwood & Procter, 2003) (Tripp-Reimer & Wilson, 1991; Frodi, 1980) (Doucet, 2004) ( 2002) ( 1998) (Manlove & Vernon-Feagans, 2002)

6 296 (Levant, 1980; Pollack, 1998) (Snarey, 1993, p.34-37) (Parsons & Bales, 1955, cited in Boss, 1980) (Floyd, Sargent, & Di Corcia, 2004; MacDonald & Parke, 1986; Snarey, 1993) (Chapman, 1987; Larossa, 1988) ( 2000) ( 2001) (paternity-free)(marks & Palkovitz, 2004) (the market place s mistake) (Doucet, 2004 ; Pollack, 1998, p.130; MacDonald & Almeida, 2004) () ()

7 297 (1993) (Lewis & Lamb, 2003) Heath (1978) (cited in Tripp-Reimer & Wilson, 1991) ( 1998Anderson, 1968; Herzog & Sudia, 1972, cited in Tripp-Reimer & Wilson, 1991; Pollack, 1998)Santrock (1970) (cited in Snarey, 1993) (Stern, 1981) (Ballard, 2001) (Grundmann, 1996)Jim Herzog (cited in Pollack, 1998, p.124) (Father Hunger) (Erickson, 1998; 2002) (Pollack, 1998) (Parke, 1981) (Filene, 1986) (Roberts & Zuengler, 1985, cited in Hanson & Bozett, 1985)

8 298 (Pollack, 1998) (Stearns, 1990) (Stearns, 1991) (Lareau, 2000)Shek (1998) (Snarey, 1993) (Mackey, 1985) (Radin & Goldsmith, 1983, cited in Hanson & Bozett, 1985) (Easterbrooks & Goldberg, 1984) (Russell, 1986) (Dickstein & Parke, 1988; Lamb & Elster, 1985) ( )

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17 307 Coleman Coleman ( 1998) ( ) (Dickstein & Parke, 1988; Lamb & Elster, 1985) () () () (B102) () (A101) () (A101) () B107 ( )

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19 309 ( ) () ( ) (Ig2) ( ) (Radin & Goldsmith, 1983, cited in Hanson & Bozett, 1985) () A107 A108 A107 ( ) over (A101) ( ) ( )

20 310 (A101) () () (A105) () (A101) () A108 ( ) ( ( ) (Ig1) ( ) (Doucet, 2004) ( 2000Brandth & Kvande, 2002) ( 2002) ( )

21 311 ( 1997) A103 () () (A103) B103 B103 () (B103) Ib1 Ib1 (Ib1) B108

22 312 () ( ) ( ) (Pollack, 1998; Levant, 1980) (Carpenter, 2002) () ( ) ( ) (B104) () (B104) ()

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24 314 () ( ) (Ib1) () ( ) () ( ) (A105) () (A107) (Filene, 1986; Henwood & Procter, 2003) (Levant, 1980)

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29 319 (Levant, 1980; Robert & Zuengler, 1985, cited in Hanson & Bozett, 1985) () (B103) B108 ( ) (B108) () (A103) (A107) ( ) ()

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32 322 (A108) (Henwood & Procter, 2003) () ( ) (A103) () ()

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35 325

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03大學生眼中的父親形象-作者二校後.doc

03大學生眼中的父親形象-作者二校後.doc (2004/01),pp.69-108 : : 70 E (perception) Coleman Coleman (1988) 1998 Erikson 1997 71 (generativity) Snarey (1993, pp.20-22) biological generativity social generativity parental generativity (Levant, 1980)