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1 * Professor of the Department of Land Economics, National Chengchi University 81

2 ( ) Perspective on the Qualification Institution of Professional and Technical Personnel for Real Estate Appraisers from Viewpoint of the Knowledge-based Economy Ai-ching Yen Abstract The real estate appraisers are knowledge workers under development of knowledgebased economy, and technology of real estate appraisal become an essential part of scientific management in era of knowledge-based economy. Under development of the knowledge-based economy, the real estate commodities are getting more and more diversified, so the license institution of real estate appraisers ought to be improved and adjusted in dealing with growing needs. This article bases on view of the new knowledge-based economy, analyze license institution of professional technical personnel for real estate appraisers, and highly propose: (1) Relax the individual qualifications for participating in the examination, and adjust part of examination subjects appropriately. (2) Society of real estate appraisers should set up the various professional appraisal databases as quickly as possible. (3) Substantiate the qualified appraising personnel in public sectors, and strengthen the cooperation between public and private sectors in real estate appraisal. (4) The professional work of real estate appraisal should belong to professional field of real estate appraisers. (5) Implement professional training of the real estate appraisers and its transformation mechanism of the professional licenses effectively. (6)The university and real estate appraisers should cooperate with each other in research and development. By doing so, we can expect that license institution of professional technical personnel for real estate appraisers, which our country just started, shall be perfectly developed and can be benefited to some extent. Keywords: Knowledge-based Economy, real estate appraiser, professionals and technical personnel, license institution) 82

3 Appraisal Institute, 2001:10-12 Appraisal Foundation 2006a state licensed/ certified real property appraisers Stanford Paul Romer New Growth Theory nonrivalry Ernst & Young,

4 ( ) Knowledgebased Economy 1996 Organization for Economy Cooperation and Development OECD OECD, OECD World Bank (Korea and the Knowledge-Based Economy) effective use of knowledge 2 symbol machine Dahlman(1979) (1). (search and information cost) (2). (bargaining and decision cost) (3). (policing and enforcement cost) Furubotn and Richter(2005, 52-54) (investments in social relations) Burt(1992) (social capital) (Burt 1992, 59) 84

5 cost of dishonesty Akerlof, 1970:495 trust signals Furubotn and Richter, 2005: a 85

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8 ( ) Foray and Lundvall, 1996; Lundvall and Johnson, Tacit knowledge implicit knowledge explicit knowledge OECD Know-what Know-why Know-how Knowwho The Appraisal Foundation Student Appraiser Guide Appraisal Foundation, 2006b 88

9 8 -WORD / Appraiser Qualifications Board, AQB 2006a, 2006b 8 College Course Requirements Certified Residential 21 Certified General 30 Appraisal Foundation, 2005: Required Core Curriculum Classroom Hours Certified Residential 200 Certified General (USPAP) Appraisal Foundation, 2005a:

10 ( ) Appraisal Standards Board, ASB The Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice, USPAP

11 Appraisal Foundation, 2006c Discounted Cash Flow Analysis ( )

12 ( )

14 ( ) Appraisal Foundation, 2005a:14 Appraisal Foundation, 2005b: (1) 94

15 TSSCI * ** * TSSCI ** (2) (3) (4) (5) 95

16 ( ) 96 TSSCI intellectual capital Appraiser Qualifications Board, 2006a ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

17 USPAP depature rule 19 19

18 ( ) Appraisal Foundation, 2006c: Public Notice of Values and Appraisal of lands Etc. Art 21 98

19 a Reference Land 2002b

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21 24 Rules and Guidelines on Continuing Professional Development for Registered Valuers, Registered Appraisers and Registered Estate Agents Board of Valuers, Appraisers and Estate Agents, Malaysia 101

22 ( ) Vest, 2001 Appraisal Foundation, 2005b:12

23 103

24 ( ) a b (2006) hypage.cgi?hypage=subject/sub_economy.asp Akerlof, G. A.(1970). The Market for Lemons : Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 84: Appraisal Foundation (2005a). Student Appraiser Guide-Understanding and Navigating the Real Property Appraiser Qualification Criteria, Current Version and Changes in Appraisal Foundation (2005b). The Real Property Appraiser Qualification Criteria and Interpretations of the Criteria. =76&DID=287&DOC=FILE.PDF. Appraisal Foundation (2006a). A Guide for Understanding the 2008 Real Property Appraiser Qualification Criteria. D=628&DOC=FILE.PDF. 104

25 Appraisal Foundation (2006b). Becoming an Appraiser. s_appraisal/sec.asp?cid=148&did=206. Appraisal Foundation (2006c). ASB & USPAP. doc.asp?cid=60&did=155. Appraisal Institute (August 1, 2001). The Appraisal of Real Estate, 12th edition, Chicago: Appraisal Institute. Appraiser Qualifications Board (2006a). National Uniform Exam Content Outlines (effective 1/1/08). C=FILE.PDF Appraiser Qualifications Board (2006b). Current National Uniform Exam Content Outlines, National Content Outline. Burt, R. S. (1992). The Social Structure of Competition, in N. Nohria and R. G. Eccles, eds., Network and Organizations: Structure, Form, and Actions, Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Dahlman, C. J.(1979). The Problem of Externality, Journal of Law and Economics, 22(1) : Ernst & Young (1999). The Knowledge Economy, A submission to the New Zealand Government by the Minister for Information Technology s IT Advisory Group. Wellington: Ernst &Young. Foray, D. and B. D. Lundvall (1996). The Knowledge-based Economy: From the Economics of Knowledge to the Learning Economy, in Employment and Growth in the Knowledge-based Economy, Paris: OECD: Furubotn, E. G. Richter R.,(2005). Institutions and Economic Theory-The Contribution of the New Institutional Economics, 2nd., Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Lundvall, Bengt-Äke and Björn Johnson (1994). The Learning Economy. Journal of Industry Studies 1(2): Organization for Economy Cooperation and Development (1996). The Knowledge-based Economy. GENERAL DISTRIBUTION OCDE/GD(96)102, Paris: OECD. oecd.org/dataoecd/51/8/ pdf Romer, Paul M., (1986). Increasing Returns and Long-run Growth. Journal of Political Economy 94(5): Romer, Paul M., (1990). Endogenous Technological Change. Journal of Political Economy 98(5): owledge Based Economy and Education: Changing Roles for 105

26 ( ) Vest, Charles(2001). Knowledge Based Economy and Education: Changing Roles for Universities - The MIT Perspective. 106

paper_c8.doc

paper_c8.doc 1 2 3 4 1 know-what know-why know-how know-who 1998 the Minister for Information Technology s Information Technology Advisory Group The Knowledge Economy (1) know-what, or knowledge about facts (2) know-why