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2 : 97,,,, 223 (b) :,,, 1992 ( ) ,,, 50,,,,, 20 50,,,,, 20 80,, 80, 90 % [ ] :,, 2000, 331 Terrence R. Guay, Integration and Europe s Defense Industry : A Reactive Spillover Approach, Policy S tudies Journal, Urbana,Autumn 1996, p Communication from the Commission to the Council,the European Parliament,the Euro2 pean Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, European Defence - In2 dustrial and Market Issues toward an EU Defence Equipment Policy,Brussels,COM (2003) 113 final,march 11,2003, p. 8.

Communication from the Commission to the Council,the European Parliament,the Euro2 pean Economic and Social Committee and the

3 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 80,,,,,, , 22,,, ,, :,,,, : ; ;,, A rmed Forces Journal,August 1999, pp

4 : 99,,,,,, 1/ 3, 10,,,,,, 1997,, 4, ( WEA G) 11,, 12,,,,,,, :, 1990 ( IEPG) IEPG ( WEA G), ( EUCL ID), 10, 1993 (OCCAR), 1996,,OCCAR, OCCAR 1999,,, 1997, 1998, David Begley, Military/ commercial Programs Offer Dual Personalities, Microw aves & R F,Cleve Land,Sept. 1997, p. 31. Jane s Def ence Weekly,Sept. 1998, pp

1998, David Begley, Military/ commercial Programs Offer Dual Personalities, Microw

5 ,,, ; ; 1999 ( EADS), 230, 2001 EADS BAE (MBDA) MBDA,,,, 1999, ( ), 2000,, 2001, 20, E - TAP ( ),, % %, 75, %, 0. 1 % Jens Flottau, EADS Integration Team Targets Suppliers, A viation Week & S pace Technology,New York,December 4,2000, p. 45. International Def ence Weekly,Dec. 21,2001, p. 12. Jane s Def ence Weekly,April 1999, p. 32.

6 : 101, 420, 33 %, 21 %, 13 % 2001, 196 A400M, 180 ( 162 ) A400M,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

7 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 10, 2000, 3,, 1ν7 : 10, 50 %,,,,, , John D. Morrocco, Transatlantic Links : A Crucial But Elusive Goal, A viation Week & S pace Technology,New York,May 24,1999, p. 28. Lee Hibbert, The Ins and Outs of Defence, Prof essional Engineering,Bury St. Ed2 munds,nov. 18,1998, p. 26.

8 : 103,,,,,,,,,, OCCAR,,,,, ;,,, OCCAR (WEU),,,,,,, GEC,,,,,, 1997, CKD ; SKODA PL ZEN, F - 16, BAE, F - 16 F - 18, Ann Markusen, The Rise of World Weapons, Foreign Policy, Washington, Spring 1999, pp

9 ,,,1998,, ,, F - 16,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1995,, , 14 %, 11 %, 3 %, %, 80 %, 1994, ; , Cent ral European B usiness Weekly,November 7-13,1997, p. 12. John D. Morrocco, Defense Impasse Hinders Consolidation, A viation Week & S pace Technology,New York,December 15,1997, pp B. McNally, Czech Aim to Renationalize Jet Maker in Policy Shift, Def ense News,J uly 29 - August 4,1996, p. 40.

Morrocco, Defense Impasse Hinders Consolidation, A viation Week & S pace Technology,New York,December 15,1997, pp.

10 : ,,,,,,,,,,, K,,,, :,,,,,, ( :, ;, : ) Brain Kenny, Change and Cross2border Activity in the European Defence Industry, European B usiness Review,Bradford,1999, pp David A. Fulghum, Fast Forward the Pentagon s Force2transformation Director Takes an Early Swipe at What Worked and What Didn t in Iraq, A viation Week & S pace Technology, New York,April 28,2003.

11 a theory of international relations. 73 Confederalism and Europ ean Integration Fang Lexian Confederalism is an idea of political integration paralleling to Federalism,and it has been exerting far2reaching influence on European integration after the Second World War1 This paper goes back briefly to the ideas of earlier Confederalism on seeking peace by building an European confederation in Europe, and their influences first. And then,it focuses on the studies by contemporary scholars on the implications and characteristics of confederation1and based on the analysis of the debates between Confederalism and Federalism on the unity of Europe,it concludes that,confederal2 ism and Federalism will continue to co2exist and influence or shape the process of Eu2 ropean integration1 86 An Analysis of Po sitive and Negative Effects of the Eastern Enlargement of the EU Fang Lei From the 1993 EU Copenhagen summit meeting that initiated the idea of eastern en2 largement to the signing of the agreement on enlargement in Athens in 2003, the eastern enlargement went through a flexural and difficult process1during different stages of the enlargement,not all of the member states and candidate states of the EU are benefited at the same time1 The eastern enlargement is a historic task in the process of European integration, and it is also a process to conform inter2 ests1although the enlargement is facing with many difficulties and challenges, it will not only promote the transformation of political and economic systems in central and eastern Europe,but also push forward the deepening development of the EU1 96 Integration of European National Defence Industry : Progress, Impetus and Future Liu Qing Hu Yingchun During the Cold War,European defence industry did not take part in the process of European integration owing to the absence of an effective system to manage the divi2 sion of labour and cooperation1nevertheless,since the end of the Cold War,to have an independent defence and to get rid of the control from America have become apri2 ority on the agenda of Europe1In 1990s,as an important foundation of common se2 curity and defence, national defence industry in the EU had a breakthrough in the process of European integration1however,it has still a long way to go for Europe to have an integrated new type pf defence industry,owing to the existence of various kinds of difficulties in the progress. 106 Transnational Television Communication and European Integration

integration after the Second World War1 This paper goes back briefly to the ideas of earlier Confederalism on seeking peace by building an European confederation in Europe, and their influences first.

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