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2 Ohya, T., Aramaki Y., Kitagawa, K Effect of duration of active or passive recovery on performance and muscle oxygenation during intermittent sprint cycling exercise. Int. J. Sports Med. 34:

6 1 active recovery AR passive recovery PR AR PR AR PR Thiriet et al., 1993 Bogdanis et al., 1996 Monedero et al., 2000 Spierer et al., 2004 Toubekis et al., 2008 Fujita et al., 2009 Koizumi et al., 2011 Thiriet et al % 2 40 / 20 PR 30% AR 4 30% AR PR AR Bogdanis et al PR V O max 40% AR 2 5

7 ph V O max 40% AR PR ph V O max 40% AR PR V O max 40% AR PR Monedero and Donne km 20 PR V O max 50% AR 2 5km V O max 50% AR PR 5km V O max 30 45% AR McLellan and Skinner, 1982 AR PR Gisolfi et al., 1966 ph AR PR 6

8 AR PR Dupont et al., 2004 Spencer et al., 2006 Dupont et al., 2007 Spencer et al., 2008 Buchheit et al., 2009 Dupont et al % PR V O max 40% AR PR V O max 40% AR PR V O max 40% AR PCr Spencer et al PR V O max 32% AR 6 PR V O max 32% AR PCr AR PCr 7

9 ATP PCr 2 1 PCr PCr PCr 1 cm 750nm 800nm Fig.1 PCr PCr Hamaoka et al., 1996 PCr PCr Dupont et al PCr Buchheit et al PCr 8

10 Fig

11 2 ohya et al., 2012 Bangsbo, 1994 Mcinnes et al., 1995, 1997 Spencer et al., m 7 8m Mohr et al., 2003 Spencer et al., 2004 King et al., Bangsbo, 1994 King et al., ~ km Bangsbo et al., 1991, 2002, 2009 Mohr et al.,

12 3 AR PR 30 2 AR PR PR AR 5 3 Spencer et al., 2006 Spencer et al., 2008 Buchheit et al., AR 1 Spencer et al., 2006 Buchheit et al., Spencer et al.,

15 1 PR AR cm kg

16 2 2 2 POWERMAXV- 75W W 2 30W 75 / Pringle et al., PR 15% AR AR15 25% AR AR25 40% AR AR m 25 90m 40% 165m Wallace, 2006 AR 5 60 / Stamford and Nobele, 1974 PR

17 7.5% Glaister et al., [ { / ( 10) } 100 ] V E V O2 V CO2 3 AE-310s MetaMax3B Cortex Biophysik 30 5 ZB-910P BSM V E V O2 16

18 V E V O2 V CO2 3 V O2max % Dupont et al., oxyhemoglobin O2Hb deoxyhemoglobin HHb BOM-L1 TR 40mm 14~20cm 10Hz O2Hb HHb % O2Hb HHb O2Hb HHb 17

19 μl Lactate SCOUT EKF-Diagnostic La max 2 4 SPSS18.0 for windows Bonferroni La max O2Hb HHb Bonferroni 5% 18

3 3 1 V O2max V Emax HRmax 50.6 ± 6.0 ml kg -1 min -1 123.4 ± 21.9 L min -1 190 ± 10 beats min -1 1.16 ± 0.02 3 2 3 2 1 Fig.2 AR40 2 8 PR P < 0.05 AR40 PR 10.9 3.6 vs. 8.4 2.9%, P < 0.05 Fig.3 Fig.

20 3 3 1 V O2max V Emax HRmax 50.6 ± 6.0 ml kg -1 min ± 21.9 L min ± 10 beats min ± Fig.2 AR PR P < 0.05 AR40 PR vs %, P < 0.05 Fig.3 Fig.2 Peak power values during the ten 5 s maximal sprints with 25 s of passive recovery ( ) or active recovery (15% of V O2max: AR15, 25% of V O2max: AR25, 40% of V O2max: AR40 ) between sprints. Values are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 10). * Significant difference vs. PR (P < 0.05). 19

21 Fig.3 Percentage peak power decrement during the ten 5 s maximal sprints with 25 s of passive recovery (PR) or active recovery (15% of V O2max: AR15, 25% of V O2max: AR25, 40% of V O2max: AR40) between sprints. Values are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 10). * Significant difference vs. PR (P < 0.05). 20

22 3 2 2 V E V O2 V CO2 La max Table1 AR40 V O2 V CO2 P < 0.05 La max 4 P > 0.05 Table 1 Cardiorespiratory measurements and blood lactate values during the ten 5 s maximal sprints with 25 s of passive recovery (PR) or active recovery (15 % of V O2max: AR15, 25% of V O2max: AR25, 40% of V O2max: AR40) between sprints. Values are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 10). PR AR15 AR25 AR40 V E (L min 1 ) 83.5 ± ± ± ± 21.6 V O 2 (ml kg 1 min 1 ) 39.7 ± 4.0 * 39.6 ± 4.3 * 40.6 ± 4.6 * 44.5 ± 4.9 V CO2 (ml kg 1 min 1 ) 45.3 ± 5.4 * 43.8 ± 5.9 * 44.9 ± 6.2 * 49.1 ± 6.0 La (mmol L 1 ) 10.7 ± ± ± ± 2.7 * Significant difference vs. AR40 (P < 0.05). 21

23 3 2 3 O 2Hb HHb Fig.4 AR40 O2Hb PR 20.6 ± 6.0 vs ± 9.6 %, P < 0.05 Fig.5 HHb 4 P > 0.05 Fig.5 Fig.4 Time-course of oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb: dashed line) and deoxyhemoglobin (HHb: line) during the ten 5 s maximal sprints with 25 s of 1. passive recovery (PR) or active recovery (2. 15% of V O2max: AR15, 3. 25% of V O2max: AR25, 4. 40% of V O2max: AR40) between sprints. Values are expressed as mean (n = 10). 22

24 Fig.5 Percentage of Δoxyhemoglobin (ΔO2Hb) and Δdeoxyhemoglobin (ΔHHb) during the ten 5 s maximal sprints with 25 s of passive recovery or active recovery (15% of V O2max: AR15, 25% of V O2max: AR25, 40% of V O2max: AR40) between sprints. Values are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 10). * Significant difference vs. PR (P < 0.05). 23

25 4 PR AR AR40 PR AR40 PR AR40 O2Hb PR AR40 PR 10.9 ± 3.6 vs. 8.4 ± 2.9%, P < 0.05 Fig.3 AR40 PR AR 45% Buchheit et al ± 2.2 vs. 5.6 ± 1.8% AR vs. PR AR15 AR25 PR 9.2 ± 2.8, 10.3 ± 3.6 vs. 8.4 ± 2.9%, P > 0.05 Fig.3 AR15 AR25 PR AR 20% Spencer et al O2Hb AR40 PR 20.6 ± 6.0 vs ± 9.6 %, P < 0.05 Fig.5 Dupont et al PR 40% AR PR AR O2Hb PCr PCr Hamaoka et al., 1996 AR PCr 24

26 ATP Dupont et al AR40 PR PCr AR15 AR25 O2Hb PR AR Bogdanis et al.1996 AR15 AR25 AR40 AR AR AR AR AR15 AR25 AR PR AR40 AR AR AR AR40 V O2 3 P < 0.05 Table1 AR AR Chamari et al., 1995 PR AR40 PR AR40 PR AR40 40% 25

27 V O2 AR40 AR40 PR AR15 AR25 PR AR15 AR25 PR AR15 AR25 PR Gisolfi et al % AR PR 26

28 5 PR AR (1) 40% AR PR O2Hb (2) 40% AR 25% AR PR 40% AR PR 27

30 cm kg

31 P P AR PR 10 AR 40% McLellan and Skinner, 1982 AR 5 60 / Stamford and Nobele, 1974 PR % P SPSS18.0 for windows La max O2Hb HHb 30

32 Bonferroni 5% 31

33 3 3 1 V O2max V Emax HRmax 51.0 ± 5.9 ml kg -1 min ± 23.1 L min ± 8 beats min ± Fig PR AR P < PR AR P > PR AR 8.5 ± 2.5 vs ± 3.6 %, P < 0.05; 2.7 ± 1.4 vs. 6.2 ± 3.5 %, P < PR AR 2.1 ± 1.3 vs. 3.1 ± 2.6 %, P > 0.05 Fig.7 32

34 Fig.6 Peak power values during the ten 5 s maximal sprints with 25 s (circle), 50 s (triangle), and 100 s (square) of passive recovery (PR: black) or active recovery (AR: white) between sprints. Values are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 8). * Significant difference vs. AR (P < 0.05). 33

35 Fig.7 Percentage peak power decrement during the ten 5 s maximal sprints with 25 s, 50 s, and 100 s of passive recovery (PR: ) or active recovery (AR: ) between sprints. Values are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 8). * Significant difference PR vs. AR (P < 0.05). 34

36 3 2 2 V E V O2 V CO2 La max Table2 V E AR PR P < 0.05 V O2 V CO2 AR PR P < 0.05 La max AR PR P > 0.05 Table 2 Cardiorespiratory measurements and blood lactate values during the ten 5 s maximal sprints with 25 s, 50 s, and 100 s of passive recovery (PR) or active recovery (AR) between sprints.values are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 8). PR25 AR25 PR50 AR50 PR100 AR100 * * V E (L min 1 ) 90.4 ± ± ± ± ± ± 13.5 V O 2(ml kg 1 min 1 ) * * * 39.0 ± ± ± ± ± ± 3.8 V CO2(ml kg 1 min 1 ) * * * 45.9 ± ± ± ± ± ± 4.4 La (mmol L 1 ) 10.8 ± ± ± ± ± ± 2.5 * Significant difference vs. AR each duration (P < 0.05). Significant difference vs. 25 s each condition (P < 0.05). Significant difference vs. 50 s each condition (P < 0.05). 35

3 2 3 O 2Hb HHb Fig.8 O2Hb 25 50 PR AR 29.5 ± 7.0 vs. 21.7 ± 3.8 %, P < 0.05 ; 40.6 ± 10.5 vs. 26.6 ± 8.6 %, P < 0.05 100 PR AR 39.5 ± 10.6 vs. 35.8 ± 8.7 %, P > 0.05 HHb PR AR P < 0.05 Fig.9 Fig.

37 3 2 3 O 2Hb HHb Fig.8 O2Hb PR AR 29.5 ± 7.0 vs ± 3.8 %, P < 0.05 ; 40.6 ± 10.5 vs ± 8.6 %, P < PR AR 39.5 ± 10.6 vs ± 8.7 %, P > 0.05 HHb PR AR P < 0.05 Fig.9 Fig.8 Time-course of mean oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb: dashed line) and deoxyhemoglobin (HHb: line) during the ten 5 s maximal sprints with 25 s, 50 s, and 100 s of passive recovery (PR) or active recovery (AR) between sprints. Values are expressed as percentage of resting values standardized as 100 % (n = 8). 36

38 Fig.9 Percentage of Δoxyhemoglobin (ΔO 2 Hb) and Δdeoxyhemoglobin (ΔHHb) during the ten 5 s maximal sprints with 25 s, 50 s, and 100 s of passive recovery (PR: ) or active recovery (AR: ) between sprints. Values are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 8). * Significant difference PR vs. AR (P < 0.05). 37

39 PR AR 100 PR AR PR AR 100 PR AR O2Hb PR AR 100 PR AR 30 PR AR Dupont et al., 2004 Spencer et al., 2006 Dupont et al., 2007 Spencer et al., 2008 Buchheit et al., PR AR 2 AR PR Thiriet et al., 1993 Bogdanis et al, 1996 Monedero et al., 2000 Spierer et al., 2004 Toubekis et al., 2008 Fujita et al., 2009 Koizumi et al., PR AR 100 AR PR AR PCr 38

40 ATP AR PCr ATP AR PR AR PR 100 PR Balsom et al m AR O2Hb PR AR 100 PR AR PR AR ATP PCr PCr PCr PR AR PCr PCr Yoshida et al AR PR PCr AR PR PCr 100 PCr 39

41 AR PR AR PR Chamari et al., 1995 AR25 AR50 PR25 PR50 AR PR AR PR AR 40% ATP AR PR La max AR PR AR25 AR50 PR25 PR50 PCr AR25 AR50 PR25 PR50 40

42 5 (1) PR AR 100 (2) PR AR 100 (3) O2Hb PR AR % AR PR AR PR

44 1 2 1 passive recovery: PR active recovery: AR 25% AR PR 40% AR PR 25 PR AR 25% 2 40% AR PR AR PR

45 PR AR PR 44

46 2 PR PR PR AR AR AR 45

47 46

48 Balsom, PD., Seger, JY., Sjodin, B., Ekblom, B. (1992) Maximal-intensity intermittent exercise: effect of recovery duration. Int. J. Sports Med. 13: Bangsbo, J., Norregaard, L., Thorso, F. (1991) Activity profile of competition soccer. Can. J. Spt. Sci. 16: Bangsbo, J. (1994) The physiology of soccer ; with special reference to intense intermittent exercise. Acta. Physiol. Scand. Suppl. 619: Bogdanis, GC., Nevill, ME., Lakomy, HKA., Graham, CM., Louis, G. (1996) Effect of active recovery on power output during repeated maximal sprint cycling. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 74: Buchheit, M., Cormie, P., Abbiss, CR., Ahmaidi, S., Nosaka, KK., Laursen, PB. (2009) Muscle deoxygenation during repeated sprint running: effect of active vs. passive recovery. Int. J. Sports Med. 30: Chamari, K., Ahmaidi, S., Fabre, C., Ramonatxo, M. (1995) Pulmonary gas exchange and ventilator responses to brief intense intermittent exercise in young trained and untrained adults. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 70: Dupont, G., Moalla, W., Guinhouya, C., Ahmaidi, S., Berthoin, S. (2004) Passive versus active recovery during high-intensity intermittent exercises. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 36: Dupont, G., Moalla, W., Matran, R., Berthoin, S. (2007) Effect of short recovery intensities on the performance during two Wingate tests. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 39:

49 Fujita, Y., Koizumi, K., Sukeno, S., Manabe, M., Nomura, J. (2009) Active recovery effects by previously inactive muscles on 40-s exhaustive cycling. J. Sports Sci. 27: Gisolfi, C., Robinson, S., Turrell, ES. (1966) Effects of aerobic work performed during recovery from exhausting work. J. Appl. Physiol. 21: Glaister, M., Stone, MH., Stewart, AM., Hughes, M., Moir, GL. (2004) The reliability and validity of fatigue measures during short-duration maximal-intensity intermittent cycling. J. Strength Cond. Res. 18: Hamaoka, T., Iwane, H., Shimomitsu, T., Katsumura, T., Murase, N., Nishio, S., Osada, T., Kurosawa, Y., Chance, B. (1996) Noninvasive measures of oxidative metabolism on working human muscles by near-infrared spectroscopy. J. Appl. Physiol. 81: (2007) pp150. King, T., Jenkins, D., Gabbett, T. (2009) A time-motion analysis of professional rugby league match-play. J. Sports Sci. 27(3): Koizumi, K., Fujita, Y., Muramatsu, S., Manabe, M., Ito, M., Nomura, J. (2011) Active recovery effects on local oxygenation level during intensive cycling bouts. J. Sports Sci. 29: McInnes, S.E., Carlson, J.S., Jones, C.J., Mckenna, M.J. (1995) The physiological load imposed on basketball players during competition. J. Sports Sci. 13: McLellan, TM., Skinner, JS. (1982) Blood lactate removal during active recovery related to the aerobic threshold. Int. J. Sports Med. 3:

50 (1997) 18: Mohr, M., Krustrup, P., Bangsbo, J. (2003) Match performance of high-standard soccer players with special reference to development of fatigue. J. Sports Sci. 21: Monedero, J., Donne, B. (2000) Effect of recovery interventions on lactate removal and subsequent performance. Int. J. Sports Med. 21: Ohya, T., Mori, S., Kitagawa, K. (2012) Characteristics of physical fitness for field-based team sports players in terms of energy supply during intermittent sprint exercise test. Football Science 9: Pringle, JSM., Doust, JH., Carter, H., Tolfrey, K., Jones, AM. (2003) Effect of pedal rate on primary and slow-component oxygen uptake responses during heavy-cycle exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 94: Spencer, M., Lawrence, S., Rechichi, C., Bishop, D., Dawson, B., Goodman, C. (2004) Time-motion analysis of elite field-hockey, with special reference to repeated-sprint activity. J. Sports Sci. 22: Spencer, M., Bishop, D., Dawson, B., Goodman, C., Duffield, R. (2006) Metabolism and performance in repeated cycle sprints: active versus passive recovery. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 38: Spencer, M., Dawson, B., Goodman, C., Dascombe, B., Bishop, D. (2008) Performance and metabolism in repeated sprint exercise: effect of recovery intensity. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 103: Spierer, DK., Goldsmith, R., Baran, DA., Hryniewicz, K., Katz, SD. (2004) Effects of active vs. passive recovery on work performed during serial supramaximal exercise tests. Int. J. Sports Med. 25:

51 Stamford, BA., Nobele, BJ. (1974) Metabolic cost and perception of effort during bicycle ergometer work performance. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 6: Michalsik, L.B Bangsbo, J. (2002) 15: (2009) 54: Thiriet, P., Gozal, D., Wouassi, D., Oumarou, T., Gelas, H., Lacour, JR. (1993) The effect of various recovery modalities on subsequent performance, in consecutive supramaximal exercise. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness. 33: Toubekis, AG., Peyrebrune, MC., Lakomy, HA., Nevill, ME. (2008) Effects of active and passive recovery on performance during repeated-sprint swimming. J. Sports Sci. 26: Wallace, J. (2006) ACSM s resource manual for guidelines for exercise testing and prescription 5 th ed. In: Leonard A.K (Ed). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp Yoshida, T., Watari, H., Tagawa, K. (1996) Effect of active and passive recoveries on splitting of the inorganic phosphate peak determined by 31p-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. NMR Biomed. 9:

足球運動員的評估與測驗

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