カテゴリー Ⅱ 日本建築学会計画系論文集第 82 巻第 737 号, ,2017 年 7 月 J. Archit. Plann., AIJ, Vol. 82 No. 737, , Jul., 2017 DOI

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1 カテゴリー Ⅱ 日本建築学会計画系論文集第 82 巻第 737 号, ,2017 年 7 月 J. Archit. Plann., AIJ, Vol. 82 No. 737, , Jul., 2017 DOI 郊外住宅地における旗竿敷地の立地特性と発生要因に関する研究東京都町田市における民間開発による住宅団地を中心として LOCATION AND CAUSES OF FLAG-POLE-SHAPED HOUSING LOTS: Housing estates of private companiesʼ in Machida City, Tokyo 薬袋奈美子 *, 室田昌子 ** ***, 矢島浩子 Namiko MINAI, Masako MUROTA and Hiroko YAJIMA This research reveals the location of Hatazao-shikichi, Flag-Pole-Shaped Housing Lots (FPSHLs) and the causes for their existence in housing development lots, which were built by private companies in Machida city. There are 88,414 detached houses in Machida city and 7.1% of them are FPSHLs. A survey was conducted with 104 housing estates built by private companies and 13, 401 detached houses. Most of the private housing estates have been constructed on the hillside with terraced housing lots. Some of those housing lots cannot meet the streets at the required height; therefore, they are connected to the streets that can only be accessed by narrow ails. Another situation that causes FPSHLs is that housing estates are planned on a complex topographic hillside, and the fringe parts are curved into the hills complex topography. No street access can be planned around these odd spaces, and the housing lots become FPSHLs to be connected to the streets inside the housing estate. Keywords : Living Environment, Housing Block Shape, Housing Estate Size, Slope Angle of Housing Sites, Distance from Stations, Street Planning 1 * ** *** 日本女子大学家政学部住居学科准教授博士 ( 工学 ) 東京都市大学環境学部環境創生学科教授博士 ( 工学 ) 日本女子大学家政学部住居学科学術研究員修士 ( 家政学 ) Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Housing and Architecture, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Womenʼs University, Dr. Eng. Prof., Department of Restoration Ecology and Built Environment, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Tokyo City University, Dr. Eng. Research Fellow, Dept. of Housing and Architecture, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Womenʼs University, M. of Human Sciences and Design in Housing 1715

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6 $㸸 ᖺ KD 㸣 %㸸 ᖺ KD 㸣 )㸸 ᖺ KD 㸣 &㸸 ᖺ 㸳KD 㸣 (㸸 ᖺ KD 㸣 *㸸 ᖺ KD 㸣 ซ 㧗㸦㸳㹫㸧 ࢪෆ㸸 ᙧ ᙧ ࢭ ࢱ 㒊㸸 ᙧ ᙧ ᅋᆅቃ ᆅᅗ 㒊 Ꮠ 㛤 ᖺ 㛤㠃 ➎ ᆅ ࡍ ᕥᅗ㸸ᅜᅵᆅ 㝔ᇶ ᆅᅗ ሗ㸦 ᶆ㧗㸧 సᡂ ᅗ㸸㟁ᏊఫᏯᆅᅗ ࢪࢱ ᕷ㸯㸴㸧 సᡂ '㸸 ᖺ KD 㸣 ᅗ㸰 ➎ ᆅ ከࡃ ᅋᆅ ᆅᙧ ➎ ᆅ ᆅሙᡤ ࠋ ሙᡤ ࠊᮾ ࢪ㒊ศࠊ ࡓ ࢪ㒊ศ ࡋ ࡉ ࠋ㛤 ᇦෆ ഴ ࡁ ሙᡤ ࡋ ሙᡤ 㞟 ࡋ ࠋࡇ ➎ ᆅ ࠊఫᏯࡀ 㐨㠃ࡍ ᙧ ࡓ ➎ ᆅ ࠋ ౪ ࡉ ࡓࡇ ࠊᘓ ᇶ ἲ ᥋㐨ᇶ ࡓࡍࡓ ( ᅋᆅ ࠊ ᖺ ධᒃࡉ ࡓᅋᆅ ࠊ㸯KD ᑠつᶍ ࡀࠊ ᆅ 㒊ศ タࡅࡓ ࠋ 㐨㠃ࡋࡓ ఫ ቃ ࡃ ࡇ 㡭ධᒃ 㛤ጞࡋࡓᅋᆅ ከ 㠃 ࢡ ࢫ ࠋ ➎ ࡓ ➎ ᆅ ゝ ࡇ ࡁࠊ㜵 Ᏻ 㠃 ᥇ග 㢼㠃 ᆅ 㸣㧗ࡃࠊ ᙧ ࢪ㒊ศ ᆅࡍ ࠋ ࡗࡓⅬ ࠊẚ ၥ㢟ࡀᑡ ࠋ㠃 ᗈ ᅋᆅ ࠊࡇ ࡇ ᅋᆅ ࠊ༡ 㠃 ࡁṆ 㐨 ࢡࢭࢫ ࠊ Ⰻ ఫ ቃ ᙧᡂࡍ ࡓ ➎ ᆅࡀ ࡁ ࡔࡅ ࠊᅋᆅ ᮾす᪉ ࡅ ฟ᮶ ࠋ ➎ ࡍ ࡇ ࠋ ᆅ ࠊࡑ ᅋᆅෆ ࡁṆ ᮏ㐨 ࢡࢭࢫࡍ ᙧ ࠊᑡࡋ ᖺ௦ ධᒃࡉ ࡓᅋᆅ ࠊ ➎ ᆅࡀẚ ᑡ ࡀࠊ' ഴ ሙᡤ ࡘࡃ ࠋ 㠃 ഴ ᪉ 㛗 ᆅ ᅋᆅ ࡆ ࠋࡇ ᅋᆅ ഴ ἢ ᙧ ࡀᙧᡂࡉ 㐀ᡂࡋ ఫᏯᆅ ౪ ࡋࡓᅋᆅ ࡇ ࡀࠊ ➎ ᆅ 㧗ࡃ ࠊ 㸦ዟ ࡁ㸧ࡀ㛗ࡃ ࡍࡂ ࡀᙧᡂࡉ ࡓᅋᆅ ࡋ ゝ ࠋ ࠋ ➎ ᆅ ࠊᅋᆅ༡㒊 ఫᏯࡀ ഴ 㒊ศ ࡁṆ ) ᅋᆅ ࠊ ᖺ ධᒃࡉ ࡓ KD ᅋᆅ ࠊ ➎ ᆅ 㐨タࡅࠊࡑ 㐨 ᥋㐨ࡍ ᙧ ࡗࡓ ᙧ ➎ ᆅ 㸣㧗 ࠋ ➎ ᆅ ࡀ ࢪ㒊ศ ࡀ ࡀ ࠋࡇ 㒊ศ ࠊᅋᆅ 㒊ศ ഴ ࡗ ᙧ ࠋࡇ ᅋᆅ 㧗 ῧ ᙧ ࡀᙧᡂࡉ ሙᡤ ࠊᅋᆅ ᚠ ࡍ 㐨 ࢡ እ ࠋ ࠊ ࡘእ 㒊㐨 ࡀ ࡓ ࠊᆅᙧ ࡏࡓ ᙧ ఫᏯ ᮏ ࡁṆ 㐨 ௨እ ᥋㐨 ࡃࠊ ᅖ බᅬ ➎ ᆅࡀ ࡋ ࠋࡇ ᅋᆅ ᚩ ࠊ 1720

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9 LOCATION AND CAUSES OF FLAG-POLE-SHAPED HOUSING LOTS: Housing estates of private companiesʼ in Machida City, Tokyo Namiko MINAI *, Masako MUROTA ** and Hiroko YAJIMA *** * Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Housing and Architecture, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Womenʼs University, Dr. Eng. ** Prof., Department of Restoration Ecology and Built Environment, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Tokyo City University, Dr. Eng. *** Research Fellow, Dept. of Housing and Architecture, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Womenʼs University, M. of Human Sciences and Design in Housing This research reveals the location of Hatazao-shikichi, Flag-Pole-Shaped Housing Lots (FPSHLs) and the causes for their existence in housing development lots, which were built by private companies in Machida city. FPSHLs are not ideal housing lots because they are closely surrounded by other house and residents can only evacuate in case of fire via narrow ails, which are often used as parking lots for the residents. These kinds of housing lots are present in suburban areas as well as downtown. This research identifies the location and causes for the presence of Flag-Pole-Shaped Housing lots in Machida city, which is 30 km away from central Tokyo. Machida has three types of areas. Flat land that was developed since early 1900 s as a commercial zone. The hillside with several housing estates was developed after the Second World War. The northern hill area is designated as an urbanization control area. There are 88,414 detached houses in Machida city and 7.2% of them are FPSHLs. A survey was conducted with 104 housing estates built by private companies and 13, 402 detached houses. More than half of the FPSHLs were formed in the 1960s during the boom of housing estate development in Machida city. Thus, a higher ratio of FPSHL was found in the housing estates built in the 2000s, which was smaller than three hectares and at a distance of one to two and a half kilometers from the stations, and the Quasi-residential and Category 1 medium-to-high-rise exclusive residential area. Recently, the size of housing estates is decreasing, and the smaller housing estates contain a higher ratio of FPSHLs with non-rectangular shape lots. The survey of the FPSHL location in the housing estates shows that they are more frequently located in the 25-meter fringe areas than the center areas. In addition, the higher angle of slope of some housing lots can also be the reason for the numerous FPSHLs in housing estates. The survey closely observed housing estates that have a high ratio of FPSHLs. Plans of smaller housing estates are unable to include streets that are accessible from all the housing lots, and this situation leads to FPSHLs on the fringes of the housing estate. Most of the private housing estates have been constructed on the hillside with terraced housing lots. Some of those housing lots cannot meet the streets at the required height; therefore, they are connected to the streets that can only be accessed by narrow ails. Another situation that causes FPSHLs is that housing estates are planned on a complex topographic hillside, and the fringe parts are curved into the hills complex topography. No street access can be planned around these odd spaces, and the housing lots become FPSHLs to be connected to the streets inside the housing estate. The recent housing estates are planned in alignment with the original topography of the hills. Therefore, the housing blocks are not always rectangular. Thus, the FPSHL is located in the center of the odd-shaped housing blocks. We can find these types of housing blocks in the estates of the 2000s rather than those of the 1960s. Some FPSHLs are located along green walking paths. However, vehicles are prohibited on this path and the housing lots need to access the street that is on the other side of the block. Based on the research, it can be concluded that FPSHLs are located in housing estates that are developed on the hillside in Machida city. Irregular topography and housing blocks are two major reasons for the existence of FPSHLs. (2016 年 12 月 9 日原稿受理,2017 年 4 月 7 日採用決定 ) 1723

カテゴリー Ⅰ 日本建築学会計画系論文集第 81 巻第 721 号, ,2016 年 3 月 J. Archit. Plann., AIJ, Vol. 81 No. 721, , Mar., 2016 DOI

カテゴリー Ⅰ 日本建築学会計画系論文集第 81 巻第 721 号,667-674,2016 年 3 月 J. Archit. Plann., AIJ, Vol. 81 No. 721, 667-674, Mar., 2016 DOI http://doi.org/10.3130/aija.81.667 東日本大震災の被災市街地における新規着工建物による市街地空間形成と空間的特徴岩手県および宮城県の沿岸