カテゴリー Ⅱ 日本建築学会環境系論文集第 82 巻第 733 号, ,2017 年 3 月 J. Environ. Eng., AIJ, Vol. 82 No. 733, , Mar., 2017 DOI

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1 カテゴリー Ⅱ 日本建築学会環境系論文集第 82 巻第 733 号,5-214,17 年 3 月 J. Environ. Eng., AJ, Vol. 82 No. 733, 5-214, Mar., 17 DO 屋外空間における放射温度の推定と放射エクセルギーに関する検討 DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR ESTMATNG RADANT TEMPERATURE AND RADANT EXERGY WTHN OUTDOOR SPACE 山﨑慶太 *, 斉藤雅也 **, 佐々木優二 *** ****, 宿谷昌則 Keita YAMAZAK, Masaya SATO, Yuji SASAK and Masanori SHUKUYA This paper describes a method for estimating radiant temperature and its associated with radiant exergy within outdoor space, which is one of the key factors in micro-climatic design of pedestrian paths and park space in summer. Measurements of outdoor air temperature and humidity, wind velocity, small grey-globe temperature and surface temperature were carried out for one day during daytime of a hot summer day in August, 15 at Sapporo Art Park. Firstly, the radiant exergies emitted from outdoor ground, buildings, trees, grassy plane, water surface of the pond and sky, were evaluated for quantifying the radiant environmental characteristics outdoors. Secondly, the measured grey-globe temperatures were compared with those obtained theoretically using solar radiation, long-wavelength mean radiant temperature taken from infra-red thermal image camera, out temperature and wind velocity. Lastly, on the basis of the measured results together with the theoretical investigation, we discussed the coolness to be available from pedestrian paths and park space. Keywords : Landscape, Solar radiation, Radiant exergy, Globe temperature, 1),2) SET* WBGT 3) SET* 4) SET* WBGT 5) WBGT 6) 7) + 8) 1.2m 9) n ) m HP HP 1) HP 1) HP 11) 12) SET* 3 53 * 竹中工務店技術研究所主任研究員博士 ( 工学 ) 東京都市大学環境学部客員教授札幌市立大学デザイン学部大学院デザイン研究科准教授博士 ( 工学 ) 札幌市立大学大学院デザイン研究科大学院生東京都市大学環境学部環境創生学科教授工博 ** *** **** Chief Researcher, Takenaka Research & Development nstitute, Dr.Eng., Visiting Prof. of Tokyo City University Assoc. Prof., School of Design, Sapporo City University, Dr.Eng. Grad. Stud., Sapporo City University Prof., Dept. of Restoration Ecology and Built Environment, Tokyo City University, Dr.Eng. 5

2 5), 6), 7) 13) 13),14) SET*WBGT SET* WBGT 15), 16) SET*WBGT 17), 18) () 1), 15),16) tei (i=16)xri S1S6 S1() m m 6

S2() S3() S2 S4() S5() m S4 m S5 1 2 S5 S6 Tgc To(1) Tmr-photo (2) 23) Tgc hrtmr photo hcta hr hc (2) 1 DN fsky SH f g (3) RH 4 15 8 1 ()8:17: 1 mm (mm x mm 5mm 9 mm

3 S2() S3() S2 S4() S5() m S4 m S5 1 2 S5 S6 Tgc To(1) Tmr-photo (2) 23) Tgc hrtmr photo hcta hr hc (2) 1 DN fsky SH f g (3) RH ()8:17: 1 mm (mm x mm 5mm 9 mm 1)(A1) 19) S1 9:S2 11: S3 9: 11:S4 9:S5 9: 11: S3 11: 3) t sky [] ) 2 2 Con fi 2 13) fitei To xesi 21) 2) (A4) S6 () 5 Tei Tmr-photo fi Tei (1) n Tmr photo i1 fitei n i1 fi (1) 7

Con fg g Con.2 fsky RH sinh ) (4) g( DN SH (.7 )hr [W/(m 2 K)](=6.) 19) hc [W/(m 2 K)]( 2)) 22) h []DNSHRH [W/m 2 ] 6 S1S6(a)(b) S2 S4 12: 12: S1 S5 29.8 4 S6() 26 S2 11: 27.6 S6 26 S4 29.

4 Con fg g Con.2 fsky RH sinh ) (4) g( DN SH (.7 )hr [W/(m 2 K)](=6.) 19) hc [W/(m 2 K)]( 2)) 22) h []DNSHRH [W/m 2 ] 6 S1S6(a)(b) S2 S4 12: 12: S1 S S6() 26 S2 11: 27.6 S6 26 S S2 S4 12: 2.m/s 1.3m/s S3..9m/s S6 12: S2S4 2m/s.4m/s S2S4 11: 12: S6 (8:) 8% (12:) %(17:) 8 S6 % 6(8:)8(:13:)(14:17:) tsky 8: 1318 S1S6 ToTmr-photo S6 S1S6 47 S5 S1S6 S1 11:16: Con (fi =.) Tei 8 mw/m 2 mw/m 2 24 To Tmr-photo.83.6 fi =.33 S5 S1 Tmr-photo To S2 fi =.36 Tei To S6 fi =. 8

5 [] 8: 9: 11: 12: 14: 15: 17: 8 [mw/m 2 ] [] 8: 9: 11: 12: 14: 15: 17: 8 [mw/m 2 ] i i [] [] Con 8: 9: 11: 12: 14: 15: 17: Con() Con() 8: 9: 11: 12: 14: 15: 17: iit ei iit ei S1 S4 [] 8 [mw/m 2 ] [] 8 [mw/m 2 ] 8: 9: 11: 12: 14: 15: 17: 8: 9: 11: 12: 14: 15: 17: i i [] [] 8: 9: 11: 12: 14: 15: 17: Con ) 8: 9: 11: 12: 14: 15: 17: iit ei iit ei S2 [] 8 [mw/m 2 ] [] 8 [mw/m 2 ] 8: 9: 11: 12: 14: 15: 17: i 8: 9: 11: 12: 14: 15: 17: iit ei [] () 8: 9: 11: 12: 14: 15: 17: iit ei S3 9

6 [] T gc T gm [W/m 2 ] S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 Tmr-photo To S3 12: Tei (fi =.28) mw/m 2 (423 mw/m 2 ) To Tmr-photo 2.8 fi (. Con fi=.28 S4S5 fi =.28 Tmr-photo To S4 12: (fi =.13) Tei 47.2Con fi =.28 Tei mw/m 2 Tmr-photo 2Con fi.36 S1S5 Con Con Tei mw/m 2 S5 Tmr-photo To S5 11:12: Con fi =.38 Tei11: fi =.19 Tei Tei To 1, mw/m 2 fi =.18 Tei 4 8: mw/m 2 % To Tmr-photo 3 S6 15: fi =.28 Tei 1 42 mw/m 2 Tmr-photo 26.5To S2 S1 S5 Tmr-photo To S2S3S4S6 Tmr-photo To Tmr-photo 5 23) Con fi.3 [] [] [] [] : 9: 11:12:14:15:17: T gc 8: 9: 11:12:14:15:17: : 9: 11:12:14:15:17: 8: 9: 11:12:14:15:17: 8: 9: 11:12:14:15:17: T gm T gc T gm 35 T gc 25 T gc T gm 35 T gm 25 [W/m 2 ] [W/m 2 ] [W/m 2 ] [W/m 2 ] 2

(2)S1S5 Tgc fgg=.2 fg S2 fg g=.1 15 8 1 hr 261W/m 2 (8:)794W/m 2 (:9: )883W/m 2 (11:)9W/m13:12: 2 )797W/m 2 (14:)277W/m 2 (16:15: )1W/m 2 (17:) 4 DNSH S1S5 Tgc Tgc S6 5 Tgc Tgm S1 S4 11: Tgc Tgm 1.

7 (2)S1S5 Tgc fgg=.2 fg S2 fg g= hr 261W/m 2 (8:)794W/m 2 (:9: )883W/m 2 (11:)9W/m13:12: 2 )797W/m 2 (14:)277W/m 2 (16:15: )1W/m 2 (17:) 4 DNSH S1S5 Tgc Tgc S6 5 Tgc Tgm S1 S4 11: Tgc Tgm 1.55(2) Con 11: S4 Tgm Tmr-photo g=.2 Tgc S3S5 12:S1S4 11: Con Tmr-photo To Tgc S1S3S4, S To S1 3 S3S4S5 1.5 S2 Con fi.3 S1S3S4 S5 Con Tgc To S2 Tmr-photo To 28 S1 9:S2 11: S3 9:11:S4 9:S5 9:11: 2W/m 2 S1 62S2 47 S3 43S4 48S5 S3 S4 1m/s S2 Tmr-photo To 65.7S5(9:)To=25.6 Tmr-photo =29.7Va=1.3m/shr=794W/m 2 1mm 211

8 1)2) ) 1).3 2) SET* WBGT K=.62 s tsky [] C C s (1 K ) scl K (A8) t 4 T (A9) sky s a :[g/kg]c:[-] T a [] hr h DN SH hr<ck o sin h DN 2 hr 3 ( sinh.2396sin h)( ) sinh Ck o sin h< hr DN hr ( ) sinh Ck C k 2 o o (A) (A11) sinh.83sin h (A12) SH hc ( Tg To ) T g hr (A1) SH (A13) hr DN Va >1 = (A2) Va Va<1 hc 7.57 (A3).4 D Vw[m/s]Tg[]To[] D (=.38) =6 h T x esi f f ( T ( T T T) ) ' ' 2 2 ei ei o o h h (A4) ie erb rb T TT T ei ei o o 3 rb 4T m i (A5) mi ' ( T T )/ 2 (A6) ei o e (=1.) =5.67 x -8 [W/(m 2 K 4 )] [W/(m 2 K)] [K] > < i scl scl (A7) 622 1) -NHK pp , 14. 2) pp ) 613 pp ) 28pp ) 25 pp ) WBGT 24pp ) 26pp ) 73 No.6pp ) 8 No.713pp ) 493 pp ) 76No. 669pp ) 212

9 372pp ) 8No.716pp ) 79 No.696 pp ) 69 (5) pp ) - -D-2pp ) (5) 93pp ) No.5 pp ) D-2pp ) pp. 14, ) M. ShukuyaExergy-Theory and Applications in the Built Environment, Springer, 18, ) pp. 1821, ) D-2 pp

10 DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR ESTMATNG RADANT TEMPERATURE AND RADANT EXERGY WTHN OUTDOOR SPACE Keita YAMAZAK *, Masaya SATO **, Yuji SASAK *** and Masanori SHUKUYA **** * Chief Researcher, Takenaka Research & Development nstitute, Dr.Eng., Visiting Prof. of Tokyo City University ** Assoc. Prof., School of Design, Sapporo City University, Dr.Eng. *** Grad. Stud., Sapporo City University **** Prof., Dept. of Restoration Ecology and Built Environment, Tokyo City University, Dr.Eng. This paper describes a method for estimating radiant temperature and its associated with radiant exergy within outdoor space, which is one of the key factors in micro-climatic design of park space in summer. Measurements of outdoor air temperature (To) and humidity, wind velocity (Va), globe temperature (Tg) and surface temperature (Tei) were carried out for one day during daytime of a hot summer day in August, 15 at Sapporo Art Park. The radiant exergies emitted from outdoor ground, buildings, trees, grassy plane, water surface of the pond and sky, were evaluated for quantifying the radiant environmental characteristics outdoors. The globe temperatures measured were compared with those obtained theoretically using solar radiation (), long-wavelength mean radiant temperature (Tmr-photo) taken from infra-red thermal image camera, To and Va. On the basis of the measured results together with the theoretical investigation, we discussed the coolness to be available from park space. n the open space at Sapporo on 1st day August, which was sunny with patchy clouds, the Tei of concrete pavement (CP) of plaza at the point S1, and S5, ranged from 43 to ºC. At the point S1 and S5, whose form factor (fi) of CP were larger than.3, the rate of warm radiant exergy () were larger than 9 mw/m 2 during daytime, those were much larger than the rate of cool radiant exergy (). This contributes to Tmr-photo being 1 to 3 ºC higher than To. The caused by the absorption of short-wave length radiation at points in shadow at the plaza reached the peak 1.5 to 3 hours later after the peak of the ranged from to ºC due to direct directly incident on the globe. This peak contributes to raising Tmr-photo and To by the addition of reflected from the CP so that remains higher than even in shaded space. We confirmed the validity of and Tg measured by small gray-colored ball by comparing with that calculated. The emitted from the sky can contribute to increase the emergence of coolness within the open space. We have confirmed, through this series of measurement and calculation, that the and Tg in outdoor space where we are exposed directly to and or where even in shaded areas the and Tmr-photo are high resulted by the surface of CP whose fi is higher than.3. Provided that a pond is or grassy plane are arranged, and trees are planted so that their canopies cast their shadows over the CP, this would result in decreasing the surface temperature and reflected solar radiation, and thereby the coolness may emerge with in the park space. (16 年 4 月 8 日原稿受理,16 年 11 月 17 日採用決定 ) 214

カテゴリー Ⅰ 日本建築学会環境系論文集第 82 巻第 733 号, ,2017 年 3 月 J. Environ. Eng., AIJ, Vol. 82 No. 733, , Mar., 2017 DOI

カテゴリー Ⅰ 日本建築学会環境系論文集第 82 巻第 733 号,195-204,2017 年 3 月 J. Environ. Eng., AIJ, Vol. 82 No. 733, 195-204, Mar., 2017 DOI http://doi.org/10.3130/aije.82.195 インテリアにおける壁紙模様が空間の知覚に及ぼす影響模様の種類明度および照度と大きさ感, 横幅感,