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1 The Journal of Shanghai Administration Institute Jan., 2018 Vol.19, No.1 D0 :A : (2018) (13) * 1., ,,,,, ;,,, : ; ; ;,,,,,,, [1], * (16ZDA101) : :

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第1期上海行政学院学报 2018 年表1 实验设计情感框架积极消极中国媒体类型 1 类型 2 外国媒体类型 3 类型 4 渠道框架实验设计中新闻渠道框架的区分主要体现在两个方面第一网页标识在标题上方会出现新华网或纽约时报中文版的网页标识第二在正文中引用专家也存在中国专家和外国专家之分在情感框架的区分中也有两个方面第一在标题中设置为

5 第1期上海行政学院学报 2018 年表1 实验设计情感框架积极消极中国媒体类型 1 类型 2 外国媒体类型 3 类型 4 渠道框架实验设计中新闻渠道框架的区分主要体现在两个方面第一网页标识在标题上方会出现新华网或纽约时报中文版的网页标识第二在正文中引用专家也存在中国专家和外国专家之分在情感框架的区分中也有两个方面第一在标题中设置为中国经济放缓情理之中不足为怪或中国经济放缓下滑趋势堪忧第二正文中是否强调经济增长率下降的严重性研究者搜集的2 个网页标识和 2 份正文形成 4 份干预文本组合如表 2 每一位受访者会接受任意一种干预并回答一系列据此提出的问题表2 干预文本详情情感框架渠道框架中国媒体外国媒体积极消极类型 1 类型 2 新华网 + 中国经济放缓情理之中不足为怪新华网 + 中国经济放缓下滑趋势堪忧类型 3 类型 4 纽约时报中文版 + 中国经济放缓情理之中不纽约时报中文版 + 中国经济放缓下滑足为怪趋势堪忧此处仅展示研究者设计的来自中国媒体的消极新闻 36

6 ,?, :,, IP,, :!,,,,,, , [17], (CGSS) (ABS), [18] 2 : (1), IP,, (2), 3 :,, ,,, 1-7, 1 332, 2 334, 3 345, 4 375,, : (1) (2), , 2 141, 3 157, 4 147, ( =1 =0),,, BBC CNN, 1, 0,, 0-6,,

1 2018, ( 0.76), 3: 3 641 4.89 1.18 1 7 1 641 0.31 0.46 0 1 2 641 0.22 0.41 0 1 3 641 0.24 0.43 0 1 4 641 0.23 0.42 0 1 638 0.58 0.49 0 1 637 26.02 5.21 18 59 640 14.

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9 (0.194) (0.195) (0.20) ** ** * (0.204) (0.205) (0.208) *** *** *** (0.203) (0.203) (0.21) (0.064) (0.074) ( =1) (0.154) * (0.016) *** (0.043) ( =1) (0.163) * ( =1) (0.161) (0.057) *** (0.082) *** (0.060) :*p< 0.1, **p< 0.05, ***p<0.01, 1,,,, ,, , , 2,, (0)> (-0.125)> (-0.443)> (-0.836) 3, 3,, 90%,

10 3 2 3,,, ;,,,,, ( ),,, 2, ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 7, 4, 5,, , *** 0.521*** ( =1) (0.148) (0.152) ( =1) (0.146) (0.150) (0.064) (0.074) ( =1) (0.153) (0.016) 0.160*** (0.043) ( =1) (0.163) * ( =1) (0.160)

11 (0.057) 0.400*** (0.082) 0.208*** (0.060) , [19] Lasswell Dwight, (at- [20] tention structure),,,,,,,,,,,,, -,,,,,, ;, (handler) [21],, ;,,,,,,, [22],,,, 20 70,,,,, 42

12 , [23],,,,,,,, RAS, [24],,,,,,,,,,,, *,, : [1]. : [M]., [2]. [M]. [3]. [M]., 2013,. [4] Druckman J N, Lupia A. Preference formation[j]. Annual Review of Political Science, 2000, 21(3):1-24.; Druckman J N. Political preference formation: Competition, deliberation, and the (ir)relevance of framing effects [J]. American Political Science Review, 2004, 98(4): [5] [ ]. [M]. [6] Lippman, Walter: Public opinion, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company [7] Goffman E. Frame analysis: an essay on the organization of experience[m]. PENGUIN,1975. [8]. [M]. [9]. [M]. [10] Tversky A, Kahneman D. Choices, values, frames[j]. American Psychologist, 1984, 39(4): [11] Entman R M. Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm[J]. Journal of Communication, 1993, 43(4): [12] Huang H. International Knowledge and Domestic Evaluations in a Changing Society: The Case of China[J]. American Political Science Review, 2015, 109(3): [13] Huang H, Yeh Y Y. Information from Abroad: Foreign Media, Selective Exposure, and Regime Support in China [J]. British Journal of Political Science, 2016, Forthcoming. [14]. : [J].,2017,(5): [15] Druckman J N. The Implications of Framing Effects for Citizen Competence[J]. Political Behavior, 2001, 23(3): [16] Levin I P, Schneider S L, Gaeth G J. All Frames Are Not Created Equal: A Typology and Critical Analysis of Framing Effects. 43

13 [J]. Organizational Behavior & Human Decision Processes, 1998, 76(2): [17] International Knowledge and Domestic Evaluations in a Changing Society: The Case of China [J]. American Political Science Review, 2015, 109(3): ; Huang H. Propaganda as Signaling[J]. Comparative Politics, 2015, 47(4): ; Tai Q, Rory T. Public Opinion towards Return Migration: A Survey Experiment of Chinese Netizens[J]. China Quarterly, 2015, 223: [18] Li X, Shi W, Zhu B. The face of internet recruitment: Evaluating the labor markets of online crowdsourcing platforms in China [J/OL]. 21st Century China Center Research Paper No Available at SSRN: [19]. [M]., [20]. [M]. [21]. [M]. [22]. : 43 [M]. : [23]. : [J]., 2011(1). [24]. [M]. Cognitive Framework Effect in Political Communication: Based on A Survey Experiment in China Shao Zijie / Ji Chengyuan Abstract: Cognitive Framing is the process by which information received and accepted by the audience. Using the online survey experiment, this paper measures the channel framework effect respectively by the news sourced from the Chinese media and from the for - eign media, and measures the sentiment framework effect with the positive and negative emotions of the news expressions. The results show that for the news with the same objective content, the sentiment framework has a stronger framework effect than the channel frame - work. In the same sentiment framework, although the results are not significant, it can be found that the effect of Chinese media channelis slightly stronger than the effect of foreign media channel. This study returns to the starting point of public opinion research, using the way of survey experiment to re-understand ourselves and lay the foundation for the further study. Keywords: Channel Framework; Sentiment Framework; Survey Experiment; Cognitive Framework Effect 44

二煽腥色的法庭新聞 ( 一 ) 香港報章的法庭新聞 /037 ( 二 ) 法庭新聞的功能 /039 ( 三 ) 報道法庭新聞的規限 /041 法庭新聞報道的爭議 /043 ( 四 ) 法庭新聞的轉變 /046 煽

二煽腥色的法庭新聞 ( 一 ) 香港報章的法庭新聞 /037 ( 二 ) 法庭新聞的功能 /039 ( 三 ) 報道法庭新聞的規限 /041 法庭新聞報道的爭議 /043 ( 四 ) 法庭新聞的轉變 /046 煽目錄新聞已死? 序一 ( 韋基舜 ) 序二 ( 屈穎妍 ) 序三 ( 洪藹婷 ) 一消失中的突發新聞 ( 一 ) 何謂突發新聞? /003 突發新聞本質屬煽情? /004 突發新聞等於作故事? /007 採訪還是駁料? /008 ( 二 ) 突發新聞的功能 /011 屯門色魔案 /012